LaraSetrakian_2017S[拉拉塞特拉基安][三大办法补救败坏的新闻行業].pdf
www.XiYuS锡育软件Five years ago,I had my dream job.五年前,我得到了梦寐以求的工作。00:12I was a foreign correspondent in the Middle East reportingfor ABC News.我任职美国广播公司新闻的 驻中东特派员。00:16But there was a crack in the wall,a problem with our industry,that I felt we needed to fix.但我发现了墙上的一道缺口,即是我们的行業出了问题,我认为有必要去修补。00:21You see,I got to the Middle East right around the end of2007,which was just around the midpoint of the Iraq War.我在 2007 年末抵达中东,那时伊拉克战争已经 打了一半。00:28But by the time I got there,it was already nearly impossibleto find stories about Iraq on air.但在我抵达时,已经几乎不可能 找到可供广播的伊拉克新闻故事。00:36Coverage had dropped across the board,across networks.各大电视网络报导伊拉克的篇幅 一律下跌。00:43And of the stories that did make it,more than 80 percent ofthem were about us.那些得以广播出来的新闻故事当中,超过 80%是关于我方的。00:47We were missing the stories about Iraq,the people who livethere,and what was happening to them under the weight ofthe war.我们不去报导伊拉克的新闻故事、关于当地居民的新闻故事,以及他们在战争重压下何去何从的新闻故事。00:52Afghanistan had already fallen off the agenda.阿富汗则早已不在报导议题中。01:01There were less than one percent of all news stories in 2008that went to the war in Afghanistan.在 2008 年的所有新闻故事中 不到 1%是关于阿富汗战争。01:04correspondent:n.通讯记者;客户;通信者;代理商行 midpoint:n.中点;正中央 Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲)It was the longest war in US history,but information was soscarce that schoolteachers we spoke to told us they hadtrouble explaining to their students what we were doingthere,when those students had parents who were fightingand sometimes dying overseas.这是美国史上历时最长的战争,但相关资讯却是如此稀少,就连学校老师也向我们表示,他们很难向学生解释 究竟我们在阿富汗做些什么,而这些学生的父母 都在海外战斗甚或殉职。01:10We had drawn a blank,and it wasnt just Iraq andAfghanistan.我们得不到任何相关资讯,而这不只是伊拉克和阿富汗。01:29From conflict zones to climate change to all sorts of issuesaround crises in public health,we were missing what I callthe species-level issues,because as a species,they couldactually sink us.从冲突地区到气候改变,到关乎公共衞生危机的各类议题,我们无法报导我称为物种层面的议题,因为这些议题都可以拖垮我们整个人类物种。01:33And by failing to understand the complex issues of our time,we were facing certain practical implications.无法了解当代的复杂议题,我们就得面对这带来的若干实际影响。01:47How were we going to solve problems that we didntfundamentally understand,that we couldnt track in realtime,and where the people working on the issues wereinvisible to us and sometimes invisible to each other?我们怎么解决得了问题,要是我们没有从根本了解问题、无法同步追踪问题,而且处理这些复杂议题的人 都是我们看不见,甚或互相看不见的人？01:55When you look back on Iraq,those years when we weremissing the story,were the years when the society was fallingapart,when we were setting the conditions for what wouldbecome the rise of ISIS,the ISIS takeover of Mosul andterrorist violence that would spread beyond Iraqs borders tothe rest of the world.回首看看伊拉克,我们无法报导任何有关当地新闻故事的那些年,就是当地社会分崩离析的时期,而我们也造就了让伊斯兰国得以崛起的条件,让伊斯兰国得以占据摩苏尔,让恐怖主义暴力得以跨过 伊拉克边界遍布全世界。02:09schoolteachers:n.教师 crises:n.危机,紧要关头;危险期(crisis的复数形式)implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数)takeover:n.接管;验收Just around that time where I was making that observation,Ilooked across the border of Iraq and noticed there wasanother story we were missing:the war in Syria.当我正在进行观察的时候,我望向伊拉克边界的另一边,发现我们也无法报导另一则新闻故事:敍利亚战争。02:29If you were a Middle-East specialist,you knew that Syria wasthat important from the start.如果各位是中东问题专家,一定知道敍利亚 从一开始就相当重要。02:39But it ended up being,really,one of the forgotten stories of但结果却是敍利亚 是在阿拉伯之春被遗忘的新闻故事之一。02:45TED演讲者：Lara Setrakian|拉拉?塞特拉基安演讲标题：3 ways to fix a broken news industry|三大办法补救败坏的新闻行業内容概要：Something is very wrong with the news industry.Trust in the media has hit an all-time low;were inundated with sensationalist stories,and consistent,high-quality reporting isscarce,says journalist Lara Setrakian.She shares three ways we can fix the news to betterinform all of us about the complex issues of our time.新闻行業出现了严重的问题。传媒公信力跌至历年新低；正如新闻从業员兼企業家拉拉?塞特拉基安所言，我们被煸情的新闻故事铺天盖地笼罩着，而具连贯性、高品质的报导却相当稀少。她在演说中分享三个补救新闻業的办法，使当今的复杂议题变得更易理解。But it ended up being,really,one of the forgotten stories ofthe Arab Spring.故事之一。02:45I saw the implications up front.我亲眼目睹这带来的影响。02:50Syria is intimately tied to regional security,to globalstability.敍利亚与地区安全以至全球安全 息息相关。02:54I felt like we couldnt let that become another one of thestories we left behind.我觉得不应该任由敍利亚变成 另一则我们不报导的新闻故事。02:59So I left my big TV job to start a website,called SyriaDeeply.所以我辞掉了大电视台的工作,创立网站深度敍利亚。03:04It was designed to be a news and information source thatmade it easier to understand a complex issue,and for thepast four years,its been a resource for policymakers andprofessionals working on the conflict in Syria.这网站旨在作为新闻及资讯来源,使理解一则复杂议题变得更容易,而它在过去四年来已经成为 处理敍利亚冲突的政策制定者和专業人士的资讯来源。03:10Syria:n.叙利亚共和国 intimately:adv.熟悉地;亲切地;私下地 regional:adj.地区的;局部的;整个地区的 policymakers:决策人 professionals:n.管理专业人员(professional的复数)We built a business model based on consistent,high-qualityinformation,and convening the top minds on the issue.我们的经营模式是 建基于具连贯性、高品质的资讯,以及汇聚有关该议题的一流见解。03:23And we found it was a model that scaled.我们发现这个模式可以扩展。03:32We got passionate requests to do other things Deeply.有人热切请求我们深度探讨其他议题。03:35So we started to work our way down the list.于是我们开始探讨清单上各个议题。03:39Im just one of many entrepreneurs,and we are just one ofmany start-ups trying to fix whats wrong with news.我和众多企業家,我们和很多创投公司,都尝试补救新闻業出现的错误。03:43All of us in the trenches know that something is wrong withthe news industry.我们在前线工作的人都知道 新闻業的确出现了一些问题。03:51Its broken.它已经败坏。03:56Trust in the media has hit an all-time low.传媒公信力跌至历年新低。03:58And the statistic youre seeing up there is from September its arguably gotten worse.各位在这里见到的统计数字是在九月,现在情况恐怕更差。04:01high-quality:adj.高质量的 convening:召开 scaled:adj.有鳞的;(房屋)栉比鳞次的;已去了鳞的/v.刮去鳞片;生鳞片(scale的过去式和过去分词)passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的 entrepreneurs:n.企业家(entrepreneur的复数)start-ups:起动/新兴公司(start-up的名词复数)trenches:n.战壕(trench复数);战壕地带,壕沟地带/v.挖战壕于;切开(trench的单三形式)Trust in:vt.信任;依靠;存放 all-time low:低谷 arguably:adv.可论证地;可争辩地;正如可提出证据加以证明的那样地/广义用法可能,大概But we can fix this.但我们可以补救。04:08We can fix the news.我们可以补救新闻業。04:09I know that thats true.我知道这会成真。04:12You can call me an idealist;I call myself an industriousoptimist.各位可以说我是理想主义者,我就自称勤奋的乐观主义者。04:14And I know there are a lot of us out there.我知道外面有很多像我一样的人。04:19We have ideas for how to make things better,and I want toshare three of them that weve picked up in our own work.我们有办法使事情变好,而我想介绍我们找出的其中三项办法。04:21Idea number one:we need news thats built on deep-domainknowledge.办法一:我们需要建基于深入领域知识的新闻。04:28Given the waves and waves of layoffs at newsrooms acrossthe country,weve lost the art of specialization.由于全国各地新闻媒体裁员一浪接一浪,我们已经失去了专门报导的艺术。04:34Beat reporting is an endangered thing.路线采访濒临绝种。04:40When it comes to foreign news,the way we can fix that is byworking with more local journalists,treating them like ourpartners and collaborators,not just fixers who fetch usphone numbers and sound bites.在海外新闻方面,我们的补救方法就是跟更多本地新闻从業员合作,视他们为合作伙伴,而不只是幫我们取得电话号码和原声摘要的仲介人。04:43industrious:adj.勤勉的 optimist:n.乐观主义者;乐天派 layoffs:n.裁员;解雇 newsrooms:n.新闻编辑部;报刊阅览室specialization:n.专门化;特殊化;特化作用 endangered:adj.濒临灭绝的;有生命危险的 journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数)collaborators:n.劳经合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数)fixers:n.固定器；摄定影剂；毒贩子；调停者Our local reporters in Syria and across Africa and across Asiabring us stories that we certainly would not have found onour own.我们在敍利亚以至亚、非各地的本地记者 给我们找来我们自己肯定找不来的新闻故事。04:54Like this one from the suburbs of Damascus,about awheelchair race that gave hope to those wounded in the war.就像这则在大马士革市郊的新闻,关于一场 给予战乱伤患希望的轮椅竞赛。05:03Or this one from Sierra Leone,about a local chief whocurbed the spread of Ebola by self-organizing a quarantinein his district.又或者这则在塞拉里昂的新闻,关于一名当地首领自发隔离自己的区域 以阻止伊波拉病毒蔓延。05:10Or this one from the border of Pakistan,about Afghan又或者这则在巴基斯坦边境的新闻,关于阿富汗难民在未准备好、被警察胁逼的情况下 被遣返家Or this one from the border of Pakistan,about Afghanrefugees being forced to return home before they are ready,under the threat of police intimidation.民在未准备好、被警察胁逼的情况下 被遣返家乡。05:19Our local journalists are our mentors.本地新闻从業员是我们的师友,05:28They teach us something new every day,and they bring usstories that are important for all of us to know.每一天都有新东西教给我们,也给我们带来所有人都应该知道的重要新闻故事。05:30Idea number two:we need a kind of Hippocratic oath for thenews industry,a pledge to first do no harm.办法二:我们需要给新闻行業订立一种希波克拉底誓词,即是承诺不造成任何伤害。05:37reporters:n.记者(reporter的复数)suburbs:n.郊外(suburb的复数)Leone:n.利昂(塞拉利昂货币单位)curbed:adj.约束的/v.抑制(curb的过去分词);约束 Ebola:n.埃博拉病毒 quarantine:vt.检疫;隔离;使隔离/n.检疫;隔离;检疫期;封锁/vi.实行隔离 district:n.区域；地方；行政区 refugees:难民 intimidation:n.恐吓,威胁 mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数)Hippocratic:adj.(古希腊医师)希波克拉底的;希波克拉底医学派的 oath:n.誓言,誓约;诅咒,咒骂www.XiYuS锡育软件(Applause)Journalists need to be tough.（掌声）新闻从業员需要不屈不挠。05:46We need to speak truth to power,but we also need to beresponsible.我们要向当权者说出真相,但我们也要为自己负责。05:49We need to live up to our own ideals,and we need torecognize when what were doing could potentially harmsociety,where we lose track of journalism as a publicservice.我们要按自己的理想行事,也要明白 如果我们忘记新闻是一种公共服务,我们所做的有可能损害社会。05:53I watched us cover the Ebola crisis.我密切留意我们怎样报导伊波拉危机。06:06We launched Ebola Deeply.We did our best.我们成立深度伊波拉,并全力以赴。06:08But what we saw was a public that was flooded withhysterical and sensational coverage,sometimes inaccurate,sometimes completely wrong.但我们见到公众 被排山倒海般的歇斯底里和煽情报导淹没,它们有时不准确,有时完全错误。06:10Public health experts tell me that that actually cost us inhuman lives,because by sparking more panic and bysometimes getting the facts wrong,we made it harder forpeople to resolve what was actually happening on theground.公共衞生专家告诉我,这样其实会赔上人命,因为引发更多恐慌甚或把事实弄错,使人们更难解决 实地发生的事。06:19live up to:不辜负;做到;实践 potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地 lose track of:失去联系;不能跟上的发展 journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志 flooded:adj.浸没的,淹没的;充斥;洪水浸没的;灌溉/v.淹没(flood的过去分词);发生水灾hysterical:adj.歇斯底里的；异常兴奋的 sensational:adj.轰动的;耸人听闻的;非常好的;使人感动的 inaccurate:adj.错误的sparking:n.发火花;点火/v.导致(spark的现在分词);发出火星;使大感兴趣All that noise made it harder to make the right decisions.所有这些杂音使人更难作出正确的决定。06:33We can do better as an industry,but it requires usrecognizing how we got it wrong last time,and deciding notto go that way next time.我们作为一个行業可以做得更好,但必须明白我们上次何以犯错,并决心下次不再重蹈覆辙。06:37Its a choice.这完全由你决定。06:47We have to resist the temptation to use fear for ratings.我们要抵挡诱惑,不用恐惧刺激收视率。06:48And that decision has to be made in the individual newsroomand with the individual news executive.每个新闻部、每位新闻行政人员 都要作出这样决定。06:52Because the next deadly virus that comes around could bemuch worse and the consequences much higher,if we dowhat we did last time;if our reporting isnt responsible and itisnt right.因为如果我们重蹈覆辙,如果我们的报导不负责任、不尽不实,下一个来袭的致命病毒 可能更恶劣,带来更严重的后果。06:57The third idea?办法三？07:11We need to embrace complexity if we want to make sense ofa complex world.若要理解错综复杂的世界,我们就要拥抱复杂。07:12Embrace complexity 拥抱复杂07:18(Applause)not treat the world simplistically,because simpleisnt accurate.（掌声）不把世界简化,因为简单就是不准确。07:20recognizing:v.认识;承认;察觉(recognize的ing形式)/n.认识;承认/adj.认识的;识别的 fear for:vt.为担心 ratings:n.评级;等级(rating的复数形式)consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数)make sense of:搞清的意思simplistically:adv.(过分)简单化地We live in a complex world.我们活在错综复杂的世界。07:26News is adult education.新闻是成人教育。07:29Its our job as journalists to get elbow deep in complexityand to find new ways to make it easier for everyone else tounderstand.我们作为新闻从業员有责任抽丝剥茧,找出新方法使任何人更易理解。07:31If we dont do that,if we pretend there are just simpleanswers,were leading everyone off a steep cliff.如果我们做不到这一点,如果我们佯装简单答案就在眼前,我们就像带领所有人去跳悬崖。07:39Understanding complexity is the only way to know the real理解复杂关系是知道真实威胁近在咫尺的 唯一方法。07:47Understanding complexity is the only way to know the realthreats that are around the corner.法。07:47Its our responsibility to translate those threats and to helpyou understand whats real,so you can be prepared andknow what it takes to be ready for what comes next.我们的责任是把这些威胁以常人话语说出来,幫助各位明白什么是真实的,让你准备好并知道怎样准备 下一个问题的来临。07:52I am an industrious optimist.我是一名勤奋的乐观主义者。08:03I do believe we can fix whats broken.我的确相信可以补救已败坏的东西。08:04We all want to.我们每个人都想。08:07There are great journalists out there doing great work wejust need new formats.表现卓越的优秀新闻从業员俯拾皆是,而我们需要的只是新模式。08:08I honestly believe this is a time of reawakening,reimaginingwhat we can do.我确信现在是时候重新醒觉、重新想像我们可以做什么。08:14adult education:成人教育 steep:adj.陡峭的；不合理的；夸大的；急剧升降的/vt.泡；浸；使充满/vi.泡；沉浸/n.峭壁；浸渍 formats:n.计格式(format的复数);幅度I believe we can fix whats broken.我相信找们可以补救已败坏的东西。08:20I know we can fix the news.我知道我们可以补救新闻業。08:22I know its worth trying,and I truly believe that in the end,were going to get this right.我知道这是值得尝试的,并衷心相信我们直到最后会把事情拨乱反正。08:24Thank you.感谢大家。08:30(Applause)（掌声）08:31in the end:终于,最后*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*
