JenniferHealey_2013X.pdf
www.XiYuS锡育软件Thank you all so much.(Applause)Lets face it:Driving isdangerous.谢谢。（掌声）让我们来面对一桩事实吧 开车是一件危险的事529403Its one of the things that we dont like to think about,butthe fact that religious icons and good luck charms show upon dashboards around the world betrays the fact that weknow this to be true.它是我们不愿意去想的事物之一 但事实上那些神像和平安符 世界各地都有人把它们摆在仪表盘的上方 这就无意中透露出一个我们都心知肚明的事实00:16Car accidents are the leading cause of death in people ages16 to 19 in the United States-leading cause of death-and75 percent of these accidents have nothing to do with drugsor alcohol.车祸是死亡的主因 尤其在美国16到19岁的美国人群中 死亡的主因 并且百分之七十五的车祸 都与毒品和酒精无关00:32So what happens?那么 究竟发生了什么00:49No one can say for sure,but I remember my first accident.没人能给出确切答案 但我记得我第一次出车祸00:51I was a young driver out on the highway,and the car in frontof me,I saw the brake lights go on.我当时还是个开车的新手,当时正在外面高速路上开着车。我突然看见我前面汽车的刹车灯亮了00:55Im like,Okay,all right,this guy is slowing down,Ill slowdown too.我当时想 好吧 他减速了 那我也减速好了01:01I step on the brake.我踩了刹车01:04But no,this guy isnt slowing down.但是 我前面那个人并不是在减速01:06religious:adj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的/n.修道士；尼姑 charms:n.符咒;护身符(charm的复数形式);吸引力betrays:vt.背叛;出卖;泄露(秘密);露出迹象 have nothing to do with:与无关 slowing:n.放慢;减速;慢化/v.放慢;阻碍(slow的ing形式)slow down:减速,放慢速度;使慢下来This guy is stopping,dead stop,dead stop on the highway.他（竟然）停车了 突然停车 在高速路上突然停车01:08It was just going 65-to zero?速度从65迈瞬降到001:12I slammed on the brakes.我猛踩刹车01:14I felt the ABS kick in,and the car is still going,and its notgoing to stop,and I know its not going to stop,and the airbag deploys,the car is totaled,and fortunately,no one washurt.我当时感觉到我的车的防抱死系统启动了 但车还在行驶 并没停下来的意思 我也知道我的车停不了了 安全气囊也鼓了起来 车报废了 但幸运的是 没有人受伤01:16But I had no idea that car was stopping,and I think we cando a lot better than that.但我根本不知道我前面那辆车要停 而且我想我们可以比那做得更好01:28I think we can transform the driving experience by letting ourcars talk to each other.我想我们通过实现“让汽车之间对话”来改变我们的驾驶体验01:36I just want you to think a little bit about what the experienceof driving is like now.我希望你们能思考片刻 思考一下现在的驾驶体验是怎么样的01:44Get into your car.Close the door.Youre in a glass bubble.坐进车里 关上车门 你就已经置身在一个玻璃气泡中01:48You cant really directly sense the world around you.你不能直接感受到你周围的世界01:52Youre in this extended body.因为你坐在车这样一个不小的空间里01:55slammed:adj.猛烈抨击的;猛砸的/v.猛烈抨击(slam的过去分词);猛撞 kick in:踢开;支付;开始生效;腿打水游进;死亡deploys:部署 totaled:adj.全部的;完全的;整个的/vt.总数达/vi.合计/n.总数,合计 bubble:n.气泡,泡沫,泡状物;透明圆形罩,圆形顶/vi.沸腾,冒泡;发出气泡声/vt.使冒泡;滔滔不绝地说Youre tasked with navigating it down partially-seenroadways,in and amongst other metal giants,at super-human speeds.你的任务就是导航 你只能看见道路的一部分 并且以超人类的速度行驶在其他的“金属巨人”间01:57Okay?And all you have to guide you are your two eyes.对吧？你只能靠双眼来导航02:06Okay,so thats all you have,eyes that werent really designedfor this task,but then people ask you to do things like,youwant to make a lane change,whats the first thing they askyou do?对 你别无他法（但其实）眼睛并非是用来干着活儿的 但是有些事情你就必须得做,比方说,你想换个车道 那你第一件要做的事是什么02:10Take your eyes off the road.Thats right.将眼睛从车道上移开 对02:22Stop looking where youre going,turn,check your blind spot,and drive down the road without looking where youregoing.将目光从你前进的方向移开 转弯 检查一下盲点 然后就一直开 根本不注意自己在往哪里开02:25You and everyone else.This is the safe way to drive.所有人都这么做 这是安全的驾驶方式02:32Why do we do this?Because we have to,we have to make a我们为什么这么做？因为我们别无选择 我们必须作出一个抉择 是朝这儿看 还是朝那儿看02:35TED演讲者：演讲标题：内容概要：Why do we do this?Because we have to,we have to make achoice,do I look here or do I look here?作出一个抉择 是朝这儿看 还是朝那儿看02:35Whats more important?更重要的一点是什么呢02:40And usually we do a fantastic job picking and choosing whatwe attend to on the road.我们通常都做得很好 能够很好的选择我们要往哪个方向开02:42tasked:vt.分派任务/n.工作,作业;任务 navigating:v.航行,操纵(navigate的现在分词形式)/adj.航行的,航行中 roadways:n.道路;路面;车行道;铁路的路基 attend to:注意;照料;致力于 on the road:在旅途中;到处奔走But occasionally we miss something.但是偶然 我们也会忘记一些事情02:48Occasionally we sense something wrong or too late.有时 当我们发觉有些东西出了问题的时候 已经为时过晚。02:52In countless accidents,the driver says,I didnt see itcoming.在无数的车祸中 司机都会说“我没想到会这样。”02:56And I believe that.I believe that.我相信他们的话 我相信03:01We can only watch so much.我们看到的只有这么多而已03:04But the technology exists now that can help us improve that.但是现存的科技可以帮我们改善这一点03:07In the future,with cars exchanging data with each other,wewill be able to see not just three cars ahead and three carsbehind,to the right and left,all at the same time,birds eyeview,we will actually be able to see into those cars.在未来 车与车之间可以交换数据 我们就不仅只能看见前面的三台车了 还能看见后面的三台车,左边的,以及右边车。同时看见 鸟瞰视野 我们可以看见这些车的内部03:12We will be able to see the velocity of the car in front of us,tosee how fast that guys going or stopping.我们可以看到我们前面那辆车的速度 看看前面那位什么时候会启动或停下03:28If that guys going down to zero,Ill know.假如那人的速度突然降到零,我就能知道了。03:34And with computation and algorithms and predictivemodels,we will be able to see the future.利用运算 代数以及预测模型 我们能看见未来03:38countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的 exchanging:v.交换;交流(exchange的ing形式);兑换/adj.交换的 see into:调查;观察的性质 velocity:n.【物】速度 predictive:adj.预言性的;成为前兆的You may think thats impossible.你可能会觉得这是不可能的03:45How can you predict the future?Thats really hard.你怎么能预测未来呢 太难了03:47Actually,no.With cars,its not impossible.事实上 不难 对于汽车来说 这并非不可能03:50Cars are three-dimensional objects that have a fixed positionand velocity.汽车是三维物体 位置速度都是固定的03:53They travel down roads.行使在路上的时候03:58Often they travel on pre-published routes.它们通常都是按照预先规划好的道路行驶04:00Its really not that hard to make reasonable predictionsabout where a cars going to be in the near future.未来 想要预测汽车将要驶向什么方向 对之作出合理的预测并不困难04:02Even if,when youre in your car and some motorcyclist comes-bshoom!-85 miles an hour down,lane-splitting-即使你在自己的车里 突然出现了一个开着摩托的人 砰！时速85英里,跟你抢车道04:09I know youve had this experience-that guy didnt justcome out of nowhere.我知道你们曾经有过这样的经历 那个开摩托的并非凭空出现04:15That guys been on the road probably for the last half hour.他可能之前的半小时就一直在路上开着吧04:21(Laughter)Right?I mean,somebodys seen him.（笑声）对吧？我的意思是,有人看见过他04:24Ten,20,30 miles back,someones seen that guy,and as soonas one car sees that guy and puts him on the map,hes onthe map-position,velocity,good estimate hell continuegoing 85 miles an hour.在10,20,30英里前,有人看见过他,只要一辆车看见那个人 将他的信息置入地图中,他的位置就会显示在地图上了 位置,速度 预测他将保持85英里的时速04:29three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的 predictions:n.预测,预言(prediction复数形式)www.XiYuS锡育软件Youll know,because your car will know,because that othercar will have whispered something in his ear,like,By theway,five minutes,motorcyclist,watch out.那你就知道了,因为你的车就会知道了,因为 其他的车已经悄悄把这件事告诉它了 打个比方,“告诉你一声,五分钟之后 会出现个开摩托的,注意。”04:41You can make reasonable predictions about how cars behave.你可以对汽车的运动作出合理的预测。04:50I mean,theyre Newtonian objects.它们可是遵从牛顿力学的物体04:53Thats very nice about them.这是它们的优点04:54So how do we get there?那么我们怎么样才能做到这一点呢04:57We can start with something as simple as sharing ourposition data between cars,just sharing GPS.我们可以从简单的开始 比如在车辆间共享位置数据 只需要共享GPS05:00If I have a GPS and a camera in my car,I have a pretty preciseidea of where I am and how fast Im going.假如我的车内装有GPS和摄像头 我就能清楚地知道自己的位置 自己的速度05:07With computer vision,I can estimate where the cars aroundme are,sort of,and where theyre going.那么利用电脑视野,我就可以预测 我周围的车大概在哪里,他们在向哪个方向前进05:13And same with the other cars.其他的车也是一样05:19They can have a precise idea of where they are,and sort of a他们也能知道自己的准确位置 并且大致知道其他车的位置05:20They can have a precise idea of where they are,and sort of avague idea of where the other cars are.车的位置05:20What happens if two cars share that data,if they talk to eachother?假如两车共享数据的话会发生什么呢？假如他们实现彼此对话又会发生什么呢?05:24I can tell you exactly what happens.我可以很明确的告诉你答案05:29whispered:adj.低声的;耳语的/v.窃窃私语(whisper的过去分词);低声地说Both models improve.这两种模型都会进步05:32Everybody wins.共赢05:34Professor Bob Wang and his team have done computersimulations of what happens when fuzzy estimatescombine,even in light traffic,when cars just share GPS data,王鲍勃教授和他的团队 做了个电脑模拟系统 来研究 当我们结合不同的模糊预测的时候会发生什么即使只是在交通情况通畅、汽车仅仅共享GPS数据时05:36and weve moved this research out of the computersimulation and into robot test beds that have the actualsensors that are in cars now on these robots:stereo cameras,GPS,and the two-dimensional laser range finders that arecommon in backup systems.之后 我们让这项研究不仅限于电脑模拟 我们还用机器人测试床 它们用到的传感器 正是当下汽车里真正在用到的传感器 在这些机器人上有 立体相机GPS 二位激光测距仪 这些（也）都是备用系统中非常常见的05:47We also attach a discrete short-range communication radio,and the robots talk to each other.我们再安装一个离散短距离无线电 实现机器人间的通话06:02When these robots come at each other,they track eachothers position precisely,and they can avoid each other.当这些机器人遇见彼此时 它们能够准确地追踪彼此的位置 并可躲避彼此06:08Were now adding more and more robots into the mix,andwe encountered some problems.我们现在正在向这样的混合系统中 添加更多的机器人 我们也遇到了一些问题06:16simulations:n.计模拟(simulation的复数);计仿真 fuzzy:adj.模糊的;失真的;有绒毛的 estimates:n.估计;预算(estimate的复数);概数/v.评价(estimate的三单形式);估量 simulation:n.仿真;模拟;模仿;假装 sensors:n.自传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数)two-dimensional:adj.二维的;缺乏深度的 discrete:adj.离散的，不连续的/n.分立元件；独立部件 short-range:adj.短射程的;短期间的 come at:攻击,袭击;达到;得到 encountered:v.遇到;曾遭遇(encounter的过去式)One of the problems,when you get too much chatter,itshard to process all the packets,so you have to prioritize,andthats where the predictive model helps you.问题之一就是 当（汽车间的）“悄悄话”太泛滥就很难处理所有的信息 所以你必须抓重点 在这样的情况下预测模型就可以派上用场了06:20If your robot cars are all tracking the predicted trajectories,you dont pay as much attention to those packets.假如你的机器人机器正在追踪所有已预测的轨迹那么你就不用花费太多的精力去关注那些了06:29You prioritize the one guy who seems to be going a little offcourse.你可以将重心放在某台 看上去有些偏离航向的车上06:35That guy could be a problem.那台车可能是一个隐患06:38And you can predict the new trajectory.那你就可以预测新的路线06:40So you dont only know that hes going off course,you knowhow.这样你不仅知道了它正在偏离航向 你还知道了它是怎样偏离的06:43And you know which drivers you need to alert to get out ofthe way.而且你还能知道你该提醒哪些司机注意躲避06:46And we wanted to do-how can we best alert everyone?我们一直也想这么做 可是怎样提醒他人才好呢06:50How can these cars whisper,You need to get out of theway?车怎么可能悄悄给彼此送信 说“你得躲一躲”06:53Well,it depends on two things:one,the ability of the car,andsecond the ability of the driver.这个取决于两件事 第一 汽车的能力 第二 司机的能力06:56chatter:vi.唠叨;喋喋不休;(动物等)吱吱叫/vt.喋喋不休地说;使卡嗒卡嗒作声/n.唠叨;饶舌;(动物的)啁啾声;潺潺流水声prioritize:vt.把区分优先次序/vi.把事情按优先顺序排好 predicted:adj.预测的/v.预计(predict的过去分词);预示trajectories:n.轨迹;轨道线(trajectory的复数形式)trajectory:n.物轨道,轨线;航军弹道 alert to:警告 out of theway:偏僻的;不同寻常的;不挡道;把移开If one guy has a really great car,but theyre on their phoneor,you know,doing something,theyre not probably in thebest position to react in an emergency.假如一个人的车超棒 但他在打电话或者,你懂得,开开小差 那他可能状态不佳 在面对紧急情况的时候措手不及07:03So we started a separate line of research doing driver statemodeling.所以我们开展了一条独立的研究线路 司机状态模型07:12And now,using a series of three cameras,we can detect if adriver is looking forward,looking away,looking down,on thephone,or having a cup of coffee.我们利用一系列三个摄像头 我们可以监测这个司机是在向前看 向边上看 向下看 打电话 还是喝咖啡07:16We can predict the accident and we can predict who,whichcars,are in the best position to move out of the way tocalculate the safest route for everyone.我们能预测车祸 我们可以预测哪些司机 哪些车 能够最快的离开将要出现事故的路线 为每个人算出最安全的线路07:27Fundamentally,these technologies exist today.最根本的一点 这些技术现在已经成为了现实07:39I think the biggest problem that we face is our ownwillingness to share our data.我认为我们面临的最大的问题 就是我们自己是否愿意分享自己的数据07:44I think its a very disconcerting notion,this idea that our carswill be watching us,talking about us to other cars,that wellbe going down the road in a sea of gossip.我认为这是一个非常令人不安的想法 设想我们自己的车将要监视着我们 跟其他的车分享我们的一举一动 那样我们就像开车穿过 对我们指指点点的人群07:49But I believe it can be done in a way that protects ourprivacy,just like right now,when I look at your car from theoutside,但我想这件事可以在保护我们隐私的情况下成功就像现在一样 当我在外面看向你的车的时候08:01modeling:n.自建模,造型;立体感/adj.制造模型的 disconcerting:adj.令人不安的;打扰人的 in a way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动I dont really know about you.我并不能真正的了解你08:09If I look at your license plate number,I dont really know whoyou are.当我看你的车牌号码时 我并不能知道你是谁08:11I believe our cars can talk about us behind our backs.我觉得我们的车完全能在我们的背后谈论我们08:14(Laughter)And I think its going to be a great thing.（笑声）而且 我认为这是一件非常好的事08:18I want you to consider for a moment if you really dont wantthe distracted teenager behind you to know that yourebraking,that youre coming to a dead stop.我希望你们能思考片刻 假如你真心不想让 开在你后面的心不在焉的年轻人 知道你要停车 你要突然刹车的话08:25By sharing our data willingly,we can do whats best foreveryone.通过自愿分享我们的数据 我们可以实现人人共赢08:35So let your car gossip about you.所以让你的车“八卦”你吧08:41Its going to make the roads a lot safer.这会让我们的道路更安全08:44Thank you.谢谢大家08:47(Applause)（鼓掌）08:49license plate:牌照 braking:v.制动(brake的现在分词);刹车;制动系统/n.刹车 willingly:adv.欣然地;愿意地,乐意地*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*
