JimmyWales_2005G[吉米.威尔斯叙][说Wikipedia(维基百科)的诞生].pdf
www.XiYuS锡育软件In 1962,Charles Van Doren,who was later a senior editor ofBritannica,said the ideal encyclopedia should be radical-itshould stop being safe.1962年，查尔斯范多伦，后来成为不列颠百科全书的一名高级编辑，说:理想的百科全书应该是激进的-应该不再是安全的。00:14But if you know anything about the history of Britannicasince 1962,it was anything but radical:still a verycompletely safe,stodgy type of encyclopedia.但是如果你对1962年以后的不列颠百科全书的历史有所了解的话，它是一切基本的东西:仍然是一个完全安全，乏味的百科全书。00:22Wikipedia,on the other hand,begins with a very radicalidea,and thats for all of us to imagine a world in which everysingle person on the planet is given free access to the sum ofall human knowledge.Wikipedia，另一方面，从一个非常激进的创意开始，那是我们所有人去想象的一个世界 在这里地球上的每个人 都能自由访问所有人类知识的汇总。00:32And thats what were doing.So Wikipedia-you just sawthe little demonstration of it-its a freely licensedencyclopedia.Its written by thousands of volunteers all overthe world in many,many languages.那就是我们正在做的。所以Wikipedia-你看到的是它的一些示范-它是一个免费授权的百科全书。由全世界成千上万的志愿者 用很多很多语言填写的。00:44Its written using Wiki software-which is the type ofsoftware he just demonstrated它使用Wiki软件填写-是他刚才示范过的那种软件00:55encyclopedia:n.百科全书(亦是encyclopaedia)anything but:根本不,决不 stodgy:adj.平凡的;塞满的;庸俗的 on theother hand:另一方面 licensed:adj.得到许可的(等于licenced)/v.许可;批准(license的过去分词)written by:由所写Wiki:n.维基百科(网站名)demonstrated:演示-so anyone can quickly edit and save,and it goes live on theInternet immediately.-任何人可以快速的编辑并保存，然后它能迅速的在互联网上呈现出来。01:00And everything about Wikipedia is managed by virtually anall-volunteer staff.Wikipedia的一切实际上都是由志愿者来管理的。01:05So when Yochai is talking about new methods oforganization,hes exactly describing Wikipedia.And whatIm going to do today is tell you a little bit more about how itreally works on the inside.所以当Yochai Benkler在谈论关于组织的新方法，他实际上是在指Wikipedia。我今天要做的就是告诉你们一些更多的关于它内部真正是怎样工作的01:10So Wikipedias owned by the Wikimedia Foundation,which Ifounded,a nonprofit organization.And our goal,the coreaim of the Wikimedia Foundation,is to get a freeencyclopedia to every single person on the planet.Wikipedia由维基媒体基金会拥有，这个基金会是我创立的，一个非盈利性质的组织。我们的目标，维基媒体基金会的核心目标，是为地球上的每个人提供一个自由免费的百科全书。01:22And so if you think about what that means,it means a lotmore than just building a cool website.如果你在想那是什么意思，意思就是比建立一个很酷的网站更多。01:35Were really interested in all the issues of the digital divide,poverty worldwide,empowering people everywhere to havethe information that they need to make good decisions.我们真正对所有关于数字鸿沟，全世界贫困等问题感兴趣，是每个地方的人们能得到他们想要的信息 来做出正确的决定。01:40And so were going to have to do a lot of work that goesbeyond just the Internet.所以我们将不得不做远超过仅仅是互联网的工作。01:49all-volunteer:adj.纯志愿(兵役制)的 describing:v.描述;表示(describe的ing形式)/adj.描述的 nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的 empowering:v.授权;允许(empower的ing形式)make good:成功;赔偿;补偿And so thats a big part of why weve chosen the freelicensing model,because that empowers localentrepreneurs-or anyone who wants to,can take ourcontent那也是我们要选择自由授权的使用协议的原因 因为那样允许当地企业家-或者任何人想要并且能获得我们的内容01:53and do anything they like with it-you can copy it,redistribute it and you can do it commercially or non-commercially.并且做任何他们想对它做的事-你可以复制它，重新发布它 你还可以将它商业化或非商业化。02:01So theres a lot of opportunities that are going to arisearound Wikipedia all over the world.所以从Wikipedia这里可以为世界创造出 许多新的机会02:07Were funded by donations from the public,and one of themore interesting things about that is how little money itactually takes to run Wikipedia.我们从公众捐赠得到资助，关于这个更有趣的事情 是实际上运行Wikipedia只需要多么少的钱。02:13So Yochai showed you the graph of what the cost of a所以Yochai Benkler刚才给你们看了关于一台印刷机的花费是什么的图。02:21TED演讲者：Jimmy Wales|吉米.威尔斯叙演讲标题：How a ragtag band created Wikipedia|说Wikipedia(维基百科)的诞生内容概要：With a vision for a free online encyclopedia,Wales assembled legions of volunteercontributors,gave them tools for collaborating,and created the self-organizing,self-correcting,ever-expanding,multilingual encyclopedia of the future.吉米.威尔斯回忆他怎样组织起“一帮乌合之众的志愿者们”，给他们合作的工具并创建了Wikipedia，一个自发组织，自我修正，从未完成的在线百科全书。So Yochai showed you the graph of what the cost of aprinting press was.刷机的花费是什么的图。02:21And Im going to tell you what the cost of Wikipedia is,butfirst Ill show you how big it is.我会告诉你们Wikipedia的花费是什么，但首先我会给大家看看他有多大。02:26So weve got over 600,000 articles in English.我们有超过600,000篇英文文章。02:32Weve got two million total articles across many,manydifferent languages.我们有包含很多很多不同语言的总计两百万篇文章。02:36licensing:v.许可;批准(license的ing形式)empowers:授权/使能够(empower的第三人称单数)entrepreneurs:n.企业家(entrepreneur的复数)redistribute:vt.重新分配;再区分 commercially:adv.商业上;通商上 funded:adj.提供资金的/v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息(fund的过去式)donations:n.经捐赠(donation的复数);捐款The biggest languages are German,Japanese,French.最大的语言是德语，日语，法语。02:40All the Western European languages are quite big.所有西欧语言都很大。02:43But only around one-third of all of our traffic to our webclusters to the English Wikipedia,which is surprising to a lotof people.但是只有大约三分之一的我们网站的全部流量 来自英文Wikipedia，这让很多人吃惊。02:47A lot of people think in a very English-centric way on theInternet,but for us were truly global.Were in many,manylanguages.很多人在互联网上用一个英文为中心的方式思考，但对我们来说我们是真正的全球化的。我们有很多很多语言。02:54How popular weve gotten to be-were a top 50 websiteand were more popular than the New York Times.我们已经有多流行-我们是一个排名前50的网站我们比纽约时报更流行。03:02So this is where we get to Yochais discussion.这是Yochai Benkler刚才谈到的地方。03:07This shows the growth of Wikipedia-were the blue linethere-and then this is the New York Times over there.这展示了Wikipedia的成长-我们是蓝色的线-那儿是纽约时报的。03:12And whats interesting about this is the New York Timeswebsite is a huge,enormous corporate operation with-Ihave no idea how many,hundreds of employees.关于这个有趣的地方是纽约时报网站是由一个巨大的，拥有我不知道多少，成百上千的职员的企业在经营。03:18We have exactly one employee,and that employee is ourlead software developer.我们只有一名雇员，那名雇员是我们的软件开发组长。03:25And hes only been our employee since January 2005,all theother growth before that.他也是从2005年1月以来仅有的我们的雇员，其他所有的一切成长都在那之前。03:31clusters:n.植簇;丛(cluster的复数形式);计群集So the servers are managed by a rag-tag band of volunteers,all the editing is done by volunteers.所以服务器由一群普通的志愿者在管理，所有的编辑工作也都是由志愿者完成。03:36And the way that were organized is not like any traditionalorganization you can imagine.我们组织的方式 不是像你们能想象到的任何传统的组织那样。03:41People are always asking,Well,whos in charge of this?人们常常会问，那么，谁负责这个？03:46or Who does that?And the answer is:anybody who wantsto pitch in.或者 谁做的？答案是:任何想要出一分力的人。03:48Its a very unusual and chaotic thing.这是一件非常不寻常和混乱的事情。03:53Weve got over 90 servers now in three locations.我们现在在三个地方共有超过90台服务器。03:56These are managed by volunteer system administrators whoare online.这些服务器由一些在线的系统管理员志愿者管理。03:59I can go online any time of the day or night and see eight to10 people waiting for me to ask a question or something,anything about the servers.我能在白天或者夜晚的任何时间上线 看到8到10个人等着我 问我问题或者关于服务器的任何事情。04:03You could never afford to do this in a company.你绝不可能在一个公司里面做到这一点。04:14You could never afford to have a standby crew of people 24hours a day and do what were doing at Wikipedia.你绝不可能有一群一天24小时随时待命的人 做我们在Wikipedia做的事情。04:16rag-tag:n.下层社会 in charge of:负责;主管 pitch in:投入;作出贡献 chaotic:adj.混沌的;混乱的,无秩序的administrators:n.管理管理员;完全程序(administrator的复数形式)standby:n.备用品;可信赖的人/adj.备用的/adv.备用地;待命地So were doing around 1.4 billion page views monthly,so itsreally gotten to be a huge thing.我们每个月有大约14亿次页面浏览，它真的成为一个巨大的东西。04:24And everything is managed by the volunteers.一切都由志愿者管理。04:30And the total monthly cost for our bandwidth is about 5,000dollars.我们每个月总带宽的花费是大约5,000美元。04:32And thats essentially our main cost.那是我们实际上的主要花费。04:37We could actually do without the employee.We actually-we hired Brian because he was working part-time for twoyears and full-time at Wikipedia,so we actually hired him sohe could get a life and go to the movies sometimes.我们实际上可以不用雇人来做。我们实际上-我们雇佣了布莱恩因为他已经兼职和全职 在Wikipedia工作了两年，所以我们实际上雇佣他，那样他可以过一个更为充实或更有趣的生活，有时还能去看看电影。04:39So the big question when youve got this really chaotic所以当你知道这个真正混乱的组织是什么样以后最大的问题是，为什么它不是全是垃圾？为什么这So the big question when youve got this really chaoticorganization is,why isnt it all rubbish?Why is the website asgood as it is?大的问题是，为什么它不是全是垃圾？为什么这个网站还是那么好？04:52First of all,how good is it?Well,its pretty good.It isntperfect,but its much,much better than you would expect,given our completely chaotic model.首先，它有多好？嗯，它真的非常好。它不是完美的，但是它远比你想象的好的多，给我们完全混乱的模型。04:59bandwidth:n.电子物带宽;通信频带宽度 part-time:adj.兼职的;部分时间的/adv.兼职地;用部分时间地 full-time:adj.专职的;全日制的;全部时间的 get a life:做点有益的事;振作起来;别呆头呆脑 rubbish:n.垃圾,废物;废话/adj.毫无价值的 asit is:实际上;事实上;既然如此 First of all:adv.首先So when you saw him make a ridiculous edit to the pageabout me,you think,oh,this is obviously just going todegenerate into rubbish.所以当你看见他对关于我的页面进行了荒谬的编辑，你认为，哦，这显然是将要退化为垃圾。05:07But when weve seen quality tests-and there havent beenenough of these yet and Im really encouraging people to domore,comparing Wikipedia to traditional things-we wonhands down.但当我们看见质量测试-还没有足够的这样的测试 我非常鼓励人们做的更多，拿Wikipedia和传统的东西比较-我们轻易获胜了。05:14www.XiYuS锡育软件So a German magazine compared German Wikipedia,whichis really much,much smaller than English,to MicrosoftEncarta and to Brockhaus Multimedia,and we won acrossthe board.所以一家德国杂志拿德文Wikipedia，它比英文维基要小很多很多，跟Microsoft Encarta和跟Brockhaus Multimedia比较，我们全面胜利。05:24They hired experts to come and look at articles and comparethe quality,and we were very pleased with that result.他们雇佣了一些专家来看文章并且比较文章的质量，我们很高兴看到结果。05:36So a lot of people have heard about the Wikipedia Bush-Kerry controversy.所以有很多人听说过Wikipedia布什与克里的争议。05:42This is a-the media has covered this somewhat extensively.这是一个-媒体已经有些广泛的报道了这个。05:46It started out with an article in Red Herring.它由在红鲱鱼的一片文章开始。05:50ridiculous:adj.可笑的；荒谬的 degenerate:vt.使退化;恶化/vi.退化;堕落/adj.退化的;堕落的/n.堕落的人 hands down:容易地;唾手可得地 Multimedia:n.多媒体/adj.多媒体的 pleased with:对感到高兴;对感到满意 extensively:adv.广阔地;广大地 Herring:n.鲱(又称青鱼)The reporters called me up and they-I mean,I have to saythey spelled my name right,but they really wanted to say,the Bush-Kerry election is so contentious,记者们给我打电话然后他们-我的意思是，我不得不说 他们拼写对了我的名字，但是他们他们真正想说的是，布什和克里的选举太有争议了，05:53its tearing apart the Wikipedia community.And so theyquote me as saying,Theyre the most contentious in thehistory of Wikipedia.它在分裂Wikipedia社区。所以他们引用了我说的话，他们是Wikipedia历史上最有争议的。06:03What I actually said is,theyre not contentious at all.我实际上说的是，他们一点争议也没有。06:10So its a slight misquote.The articles were edited quiteheavily.所以这是一个细微的误引。文章编辑的太过沉重。06:12And it is true that we did have to lock the articles on a coupleof occasions.这确实是我们不得不在一些场合锁定这些文章。06:18Time magazine recently reported that Extreme actionsometimes has to be taken,and Wales locked the entries onKerry and Bush for most of 2004.时代周刊最近报道说 极端的手段有时不得不采取，威尔斯锁定了2004年大多数的关于克里和布什的文章。06:21This came after I told the reporter that we had to lock it for-occasionally a little bit here and there.这发生在我告诉记者我们不得不偶尔在这儿和那儿锁定它一点点。06:32reporters:n.记者(reporter的复数)spelled:劳经轮班/拼写/意味着/等于(spell的过去式和过去分词)contentious:adj.诉讼的;有异议的,引起争论的;爱争论的 tearing:adj.撕裂的;痛苦的;猛烈的/v.撕开;裂开(tear的ing形式)quote:vt.报价;引述;举证/vi.报价;引用;引证/n.引用 misquote:vt.错误地引用/vi.错误引证/n.引用错误 entries:n.进入;(词典所列的)词目(entry的复数形式)here and there:各处,到处So the truth in general is that the kinds of controversies thatyou would probably think we have within the Wikipediacommunity are not really controversies at all.所以一般的真相是争议的类型 那些你也许认为在我们Wikipedia团队中有的争议 实际上真的一点都不存在。06:38Articles on controversial topics are edited a lot,but theydont cause much controversy within the community.关于有争议话题的文章被编辑了很多，但是他们不会在社区内引发太多争议。06:47And the reason for this is that most people understand theneed for neutrality.之所以会这样的原因是绝大多数人理解中立的需要。06:53The real struggle is not between the right and the left-thats where most people assume-but its between theparty of the thoughtful and the party of the jerks.真正的分歧不是左右之争-那是很多人以为的-而实际上是在一群深思熟虑的人和一群愚蠢的人之间的。07:00And no side of the political spectrum has a monopoly oneither of those qualities.在任意那些品质的一边都没有政治色彩占据垄断地位。07:09The actual truth about the specific Bush-Kerry incident is thatthe Bush-Kerry articles were locked less than one percent ofthe time in 2004,and it wasnt because they werecontentious;it was just because there was routine vandalism-which happens sometimes even on stage,people-关于布什和克里事件的事实真相 是布什和克里的文章 在2004年不到百分之一的时间被锁定了，并且它不是因为他们是有争议的;只是因为有一些平常的破坏-有时甚至在线上发生，人们-07:13in general:总之,通常;一般而言 controversies:n.争论;辩论(controversy的复数)controversial:adj.有争议的；有争论的neutrality:n.中立;中性;中立立场 jerks:n.急促而猛烈的动作;傻瓜(jerk的复数)/v.猛拉;突然说出(jerk的三单形式)spectrum:n.光谱；频谱；范围；余象 monopoly:n.垄断；垄断者；专卖权 qualities:统计品质 vandalism:n.汪达尔人作风;故意毁坏文物的行为;破坏他人财产的行为sometimes even reporters have reported to me that theyvandalize Wikipedia and were amazed that it was fixed soquickly.有时甚至记者们也跟我说他们破坏了Wikipedia 并且很惊异它很快就被修复了。07:31And I said-you know,I always say,please dont do that,thats not a good thing.我说-你知道，我总是说，请不要那样做，那不是一件好事。07:37So how do we do this?所以我们怎样做到这个的？07:41What-how do we manage the quality control?我们怎样管理质量控制？07:43What makes a-how does it work?怎样使-它如何工作的？07:45So theres a few elements,mostly social policies and someelements of the software.有一些要素，主要是社会政策和软件的一些元素。07:48So the biggest and the most important thing is our neutralpoint of view policy.所以最大也是最重要的事情是我们对待政策的中立观点。07:54This is something that I set down from the very beginning,asa core principle of the community thats completely notdebatable.这是我从刚开始就制定下来的，作为一个社区的核心原则是完全不可动摇的。07:58Its a social concept of cooperation,so we dont talk a lotabout truth and objectivity.这是合作的一个社会化概念，所以我们不过多讨论真相和客观。08:05The reason for this is if we say were only going to write thetruth about some topic,that doesnt do us a damn bit ofgood of figuring out what to write,because I dont agreewith you about whats the truth.这样做的原因是如果我们说我们只会对一些话题报道真相，那样对我们搞清楚要写什么没有一点好处，因为我不同意你关于真相是什么的说法。08:12vandalize:vt.肆意毁坏;摧残(等于vandalise)amazed:adj.惊奇的,吃惊的/v.使吃惊;把弄糊涂(amaze的过去分词)pointof view:观点;见地;立场 set down:放下;记下;看做;确定 debatable:adj.成问题的;可争论的;未决定的 objectivity:n.客观;客观性But we have this jargon term of neutrality,which has its ownlong history within the community,which basically says,anytime theres a controversial issue,但我们有这个中立的专业条款，在社区里有属于它自己的很长的历史，它的基本原则是，当有争议问题出现的时候，08:21Wikipedia itself should not take a stand on the issue.Wikipedia本身不应该对其采取立场。08:30We should merely report on what reputable parties have saidabout it.我们只能报道那些著名的政党说了些什么。08:33So this neutrality policy is really important for us,because itempowers a community that is very diverse to cometogether and actually get some work done.所以这个中立的政策对我们来说真的很重要，因为它使得一个非常不同的团队 走到一起并真正完成一些工作。08:36So we have very diverse contributors in terms of political,religious,cultural backgrounds.所以我们有很多在政治，宗教，文化背景上非常不同的贡献者。08:45By having this firm neutrality policy,which is non-negotiablefrom the beginning,we ensure that people can worktogether and that the entries dont become simply a warback and forth between the left and the right.有了这个坚定的中立政策，从刚开始就是不可置疑的，我们确保了人们能一起工作 文章不会成为简单的一场战争 在左和右之间反反复复。08:50jargon:n.行话,术语;黄锆石 take a stand:表态;采取立场,表示立场 reputable:adj.声誉好的;受尊敬的;卓越的 diverse:adj.不同的；多种多样的；变化多的 contributors:n.贡献者;参与者;编著者(contributor的复数形式)in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 religious:adj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的/n.修道士；尼姑 non-negotiable:n.金融不可转让,不能抵押;无商量余地的;不可谈判的 back and forth:反复地,来回地If you engage in that type of behavior,youll be asked toleave the community.如果你有那样的行为，你会被要求离开这个团队。09:
