JeanneGang_2016W[珍妮 .甘][融合大自然和都市的建筑物].pdf
www.XiYuS锡育软件Im a relationship builder.我是一位关系缔造者。00:12When you think of a relationship builder,dont you justautomatically think architect?当你想到这个词,你第一时间会不会想到建筑师？00:15Probably not.可能不会吧。00:19Thats because most people think architects design buildingsand cities,but what we really design are relationships,because cities are about people.因为一般人认为,建筑师只会设计大楼或城市而已。但我们实际上设计的就是关系。因为城市离不开人,00:22Theyre places where people come together for all kinds ofexchange.是人们相聚做各种交换的地方。00:31And besides,skylines are highly specific urban habitats withtheir own insects,plants and animals,and even their ownweather.此外,天际线能反映出城市特有的居住生活型态,独特的昆虫、植物和动物,甚至城市本身的气候。00:34But today,urban habitats are out of balance.但时至今日,城市的居住环境已失去平衡。00:42Climate change,together with political and economictroubles,are having an impact;theyre adding up andstressing out cities and us,the people who live in them.全球的气候变化,伴随政治和经济问题,正在冲击着我们的城市;它们凝聚了庞大的压力堆迭在城市和我们,这些居住在城市里的居民身上。00:45For me,the field of ecology has provided important insight,because ecologists dont just look at individual species ontheir own,they look at the relationships between livingthings and their environment.对我而言,生态学正好提供了我一个重要的设计感悟,因为生态学本身不会只关注单一生物,而是关注生态体系内所有的生物 以及周遭环境彼此间的关系。00:57builder:n.建筑者;建立者 automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地/adj.不经思索的 skylines:n.地平线;空中轮廓线;架空索/vt.天空映衬出的轮廓 habitats:n.生态栖息地;(动植物的)经产地(habitat的复数形式)stressing:强调/加压(stress的现在分词)ecology:n.生态学；社会生态学 ecologists:n.生态学家(ecologist的复数)They look at how all the diverse parts of the ecosystem areinterconnected,and its actually this balance,this web of life,that sustains life.它们会关注生态体系内所有不同物种间的连结关系,而实际上,均衡的生命网络,才是永续生命的关键。01:10My team and I have been applying insights from ecology toarchitecture to see how physical space can help buildstronger relationships.我和我的团队已经将生态学的观察应用在建筑上,用它来观察实体空间要如何设计才能协助我们强化关系。01:19The projects Im going to show you today use the idea ofbuilding relationships as the key driver for design.我今天要介绍的项目 都是以强化关系为设计主轴的一些项目。01:28Heres an example of what I mean.这个案例可以传达我要表达的概念:01:34Recently,we were asked to design a center for social justiceleadership called the Arcus Center.最近我们被应邀设计一个社会正义领导中心,叫做阿克斯中心（Arcus Center）;01:36They asked us for a building that could break downtraditional barriers between different groups and in doingso,create possibilities for meaningful conversations aroundsocial justice.他们要求我们设计一个能打破不同族群间 传统隔阂的建筑物,从而促进各方坦率交流 有关社会正义的话题。01:43The students wanted a place for cultural exchange.学生们要求一个有助于文化交流的地方,01:54diverse:adj.不同的；多种多样的；变化多的 ecosystem:n.生态系统 interconnected:adj.连通的;有联系的/v.互相连接(interconnect的过去式)sustains:v.支撑(sustain的第三人称单数);保持;遭受(损失等);支援 insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数)Arcus:n.气象弧状云 break down:分解;发生故障;失败;毁掉;制服 barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式)They thought a place for preparing food together could dothat.他们认为一个共用厨房能达成这个目的;01:56And they wanted to be welcoming to the outsidecommunity.他们也希望这栋建筑物也能受到外地居民的欢迎。02:00They thought a fireplace could draw people in and help startconversations.他们认为壁炉可以吸引他们进来,并成为他们引发谈论的话题之一。02:03TED演讲者：Jeanne Gang|珍妮.甘演讲标题：Buildings that blend nature and city|融合大自然和都市的建筑物内容概要：A skyscraper that channels the breeze.a building that creates community around ahearth.Jeanne Gang uses architecture to build relationships.In this engaging tour of herwork,Gang invites us into buildings large and small,from a surprising local community centerto a landmark Chicago skyscraper.Through architecture,we can do much more than createbuildings,she says.We can help steady this planet we all share.一栋能导引风向的摩天大楼.一座利用壁炉融合社区的建筑.珍妮.甘(Jeanne Gang)利用建筑设计改善了人与万物之间的关系。在这场精彩的演讲当中，甘邀请我们进入她各式各样的建筑杰作，从令人赞叹的社区会议中心，到芝加哥地标性的住宅摩天大楼。她说：“通过建筑设计，我们可以创造出比建造大楼本身更多的东西，我们可以帮助我们的地球可持续发展。”And everybody wanted the work of social justice to be visibleto the outside world.最终所有人都希望世界各地都能看到 他们社会正义项目的成果。02:09There really wasnt a precedent for this kind of space,so welooked around the globe and found examples of communitymeeting houses.这类的建筑没有先例可循,于是我们到世界各地 搜寻社区会议房屋的范例,02:15Community meeting houses are places where theres veryspecific relationships between people,like this one in Mali,where the elders gather.有些社区会议房屋的空间氛围 在呈现人际关系上有着相当鲜明的特点,像在马里的这个地方,这里是长者聚会的地方,02:22The low roof keeps everybody seated and at equal eye level.低楼板的设计迫使每个人只能坐着平视彼此。02:32Its very egalitarian.它充满了平等主义的色彩。02:35I mean,you cant stand up and take over the meeting.我的意思是,你不能站起来主导会议,02:37Youd actually bump your head.站起来头就会撞到屋顶了。02:39(Laughter)In meeting houses,theres always a central spacewhere you can sit around a circle and see each other.在会议房屋中都有一个中央空间,可以让大家围坐成一圈,互相对望。02:41fireplace:n.壁炉 precedent:n.先例;前例/adj.在前的;在先的 elders:n.长老;尊长(elder的复数)egalitarian:adj.平等主义的/n.平等主义;平等主义者 stand up:v.站起来;坚持;竖立;站得住脚;拥护 sit around:无所事事So we designed a space just like that right in the middle ofthe Arcus Center,and we anchored it with a fireplace and akitchen.所以我们在阿克斯中心的正中央,设计出了同样的空间,并把壁炉和厨房固定在中央空间中。02:48Its pretty hard to get a kitchen and a fireplace in a buildinglike this with the building codes,but it was so important tothe concept,we got it done.可是依建筑条例,要将壁炉和厨房设计到这栋建筑中 是很困难的,但它是这栋建筑物的灵魂,我们最后实现了。02:55And now the central space works for big social gatheringsand a place to meet one-on-one for the very first time.现在的中央空间提供了大型聚会 以及初次会面时,可单独谈话的地方,03:03Its almost like this three-way intersection that encouragesbumping into people and starting a conversation.它像个三叉路口,鼓励人们不期而遇,进而交谈。03:10Now you can always pass the kitchen and see somethinggoing on.所以每当你走过厨房时,一定可以看到正在进行的活动,03:16You can sit by the fireplace and share stories.你可选择坐在壁炉前分享故事,03:19You can study together in big groups or in small ones,because the architecture sets up these opportunities.或者跟大伙儿或几个人一起研讨,因为建筑物的布局提供了这样的机会。03:23Even the construction is about building relationships.甚至在建造的过程中也隐含着建立关系的意义:03:31anchored:adj.固定的;抛锚的/v.固定;抛锚;主持(anchor的过去分词)gatherings:n.聚会(gathering的复数)one-on-one:adj.一对一的;直接对立的/adv.一对一;面对面/n.一对一的比赛 three-way:adj.三向的;有三人参加的 intersection:n.交叉;十字路口;交集;交叉点 bumping:n.分化暴沸;机锤击;造成凹凸/v.碰撞;使撞击(bump的ing形式);颠簸地行驶 sit by:坐视不管,无动于衷Its made of cordwood masonry,which is using logs the wayyou would use bricks.它是积木式的木块堆叠而成的建筑物,用一块块木头像砖块般堆叠起来的。03:34Its super low-tech and easy to do and anyone can do it and thats the entire point.技术水平要求不高,任何人都会做,这也是设计的原意。03:39The act of making is a social activity.建造的过程本身就是一种社会运动。03:43And its good for the planet,too:the trees absorbed carbonwhen they were growing up,and they gave off oxygen,andnow that carbon is trapped inside the walls and its not beingreleased into the atmosphere.这样的建筑方式对我们的地球也是友善的:树木在成长时吸二氧化碳,吐出氧气。现在,这些碳留存在墙壁中,而不是释放到大气层中,03:48So making the walls is equivalent to taking cars right off theroad.所以选用木头为建材等同于减少汽车污染。04:01We chose the building method because it connects people toeach other and to the environment.我们会选用这样的建造方式,是因为它能联系人与人,和人与大自然。04:06But is it working?但这样有效吗？04:13Is it creating relationships and nurturing them?它能创造并增进关系吗？04:14How can we know?我们如何证实？04:16Well,more and more people are coming here,for one,and asa result of the fireside chats and a full calendar ofprogramming,people are applying for the ArcusFellowships.第一,越来越多人来阿克斯中心;还有,得力于壁炉前交流的魅力,以及全年度丰富的活动安排,吸引了很多人申请成为阿克斯会员。04:18masonry:n.石工;石工行业;石造建筑 low-tech:adj.低技术的 absorbed:adj.被吸收的;一心一意的/v.吸收;使全神贯注(absorb的过去分词形式)equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的/n.等价物,相等物 nurturing:v.培育;养育;培植(nurture的现在分词)/n.培育;养育 as a result:结果 fireside:n.炉边;家庭/adj.炉边的;非正式的 chats:n.聊天(chat的复数);矿山废石/v.闲谈(chat的第三人称单数形式)Fellowships:n.奖学金(fellowship的复数)/v.成为成员(fellowship的单三形式)In fact,applications have increased tenfold for the ArcusFellowship since the building opened.事实上,申请书的数量从开放那天到现在 已增加了十倍。04:28Its working.Its bringing people together.它是有效的,也成功拉近了人与人之间的距离。04:34So Ive shown how architecture can connect people on thiskind of horizontal campus scale.我向各位展示了,建筑设计如何把人与人 在水平维度上连接起来。04:38But we wondered if social relationships could be scaled up or rather,upward in tall buildings.但我们也反问自己,人际关系的孕育是否也能应用于 高层建筑物中呢？04:43Tall buildings dont necessarily lend themselves to beingsocial buildings.高层大楼本身就不是以交流作为目的。04:50www.XiYuS锡育软件They can seem isolating and inward.它们看起来就是孤独和内敛的。04:54You might only see people in those awkward elevator rides.你可能会在搭电梯的这种尴尬场合中,才会遇到其他人。04:56But in several major cities,Ive been designing tall buildingsthat are based on creating relationships between people.但我已经在几个大都市中,设计了以强化关系为目的的高层大厦,05:02This is Aqua.像这个大楼叫做水厦。05:09Its a residential high-rise in Chicago aimed at young urbanprofessionals and empty nesters,many of them new to thecity.它是一栋芝加哥的高层住宅,对象是年轻的都市专业人士和空巢老人,很多住户还是第一次搬来芝加哥。05:11tenfold:adj.十倍的;十重的/adv.十倍地;成十倍/n.十倍 scaled:adj.有鳞的;(房屋)栉比鳞次的;已去了鳞的/v.刮去鳞片;生鳞片(scale的过去式和过去分词)or rather:更精确地说,倒不如说 upward:adj.向上的;上升的/adv.向上 isolating:adj.孤立的;绝缘的/v.使隔离;使绝缘(isolate的ing形式)inward:adj.向内的;内部的;精神的;本质上的;熟悉的/adv.向内;内心里/n.内部;内脏;密友 awkward:adj.尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不合适的 Aqua:n.水;溶液;浅绿色/adj.浅绿色的 residential:adj.住宅的；与居住有关的 high-rise:adj.高楼的;超高层的/n.高楼;大厦 professionals:n.管理专业人员(professional的复数)nesters:n.穴居的兽;筑巢的鸟;放牧地自耕农;试验筛组的单位筛With over 700 apartments,we wanted to see if we could usearchitecture to help people get to know their neighbors,evenwhen their homes are organized in the vertical dimension.这栋大厦有超过700个公寓,我们想要知道是否可以透过建筑设计 帮助居民建立起与邻居间的友谊,即使他们的家都是纵向排列的。05:19So we invented a way to use balconies as the new socialconnectors.所以我们发明了一种方法,利用阳台做为新的社交连接器。05:31The shapes of the floor slabs vary slightly and they transitionas you go up the tower.从一楼到顶楼,每层的楼板线条 都略有不同。05:35The result of this is that you can actually see people fromyour balcony.这样的设计结果是你可以在阳台上 看到其他人。05:40The balconies are misregistered.阳台是交错的。05:45You can lean over your balcony and say,Hey!你大可以在阳台上弯身大喊“嗨！”05:47just like you would across the backyard.就好像你快要爬到对方的后花园一样。05:50To make the balconies more comfortable for a longer periodof time during the year,we studied the wind with digitalsimulations,so the effect of the balcony shapes breaks upthe wind and confuses the wind and makes the balconiesmore comfortable and less windy.为了让阳台更舒适,并在全年延长享用阳台的时间,我们用电脑模拟风向,确定阳台的形状可以缓冲风力,让风涡相冲,使阳台更舒适并能减缓风力。05:53dimension:n.方面;数维;尺寸;次元;容积vt.标出尺寸/adj.规格的 balconies:n.阳台;露台;(戏院)包厢(balcony的复数形式)connectors:n.电子连接器;电子接插件(connector的复数形式)slabs:n.木平板;厚片(slab的复数)/v.把切成厚片;用平板盖上(slab的第三人称单数形式)balcony:n.阳台；包厢；戏院楼厅 backyard:n.后院;后庭 simulations:n.计模拟(simulation的复数);计仿真 confuses:vt.使混乱;使困惑 windy:adj.多风的,有风的;腹胀的;吹牛的Now,just by being able to go outside on your balcony or onthe third floor roof terrace,you can be connected to theoutdoors,even when youre way above the ground plane.你只要走到外面的阳台,或站在第三层的楼顶台阶上,你就能置身在户外当中,即使你离地面很远。06:08So the building acts to create community within the buildingand the city at the same time.这样的建筑模式成功地建立起了邻里关系,不管在大楼内,还是城市内,06:17Its working.它都是成功的。06:22And people are starting to meet each other on the buildingsurface大楼的住户开始在墙外的阳台相遇,06:24(Laughter)theyve even starting getting together as couples.（笑声）也有人因此相识而成为伴侣。06:30But besides romantic relationships,the building has apositive social effect on the community,as evidenced bypeople starting groups together and starting big projectstogether,like this organic community garden on thebuildings roof terrace.但是除了情侣关系,这大楼确实可以把正能量 带到社区之中。这一点可以从住户自发创立团体,一起做些大项目来证明,就像这个在大厦顶的有机社区花园。06:34So Ive shown how tall buildings can be social connectors,butwhat about public architecture?我已经示范了高层大楼真的可以成为社交枢纽。可是公共建筑也可以吗？06:51How can we create better social cohesion in public buildingsand civic spaces,and why is it important?我们如何在公共建筑与市民空间中创造出更具凝聚力的 社交关系呢？为什么这点很重要呢？06:56terrace:n.平台;梯田;阳台/vt.使成梯田,使成阶地;使有平台屋顶/vi.成阶地;成梯田;筑成坛/adj.(女服)叠层式的 outdoors:adv.在户外/n.户外/adj.户外的(等于outdoor)evidenced:证实(evidence的过去式和过去分词)cohesion:n.凝聚;结合;力内聚力 civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的Public architecture is just not as successful if it comes fromthe top down.因为公共建筑如果是由上层所决定的,通常都不会成功。07:04About 15 years ago in Chicago,they started to replace oldpolice stations,and they built this identical model all overthe city.大概在十五年前,芝加哥政府开始重建老旧的公安局,他们最后在整个城市里建造了很多外形一模一样的公安局。07:09And even though they had good intentions of treating allneighborhoods equally,the communities didnt feel investedin the process or feel a sense of ownership of these buildings.虽然政府用意是好的,想平等对待每一个社区;但社区居民都不觉得有参与感,或是对这些建筑物没有归属感。07:18It was equality in the sense that everybody gets the samepolice station,but it wasnt equity in the sense of respondingto each communitys individual needs.政府公平地给了每一个人同样外貌的公安局,但是从各个社区的个别需求回应里,呈现出来的却是不平等的。07:28And equity is the key issue here.而平等才是关键。07:37You know,in my field,theres a debate about whetherarchitecture can even do anything to improve socialrelationships.在建筑行业中,对于到底建筑设计是否能起到促进社会关系的功能,仍有争议。07:40But I believe that we need architecture and every tool in ourtool kit to improve these relationships.但我相信,我们可以利用建筑设计和我们拥有的每一个工具,来改善这些关系。07:49In the US,policy reforms have been recommended in orderto rebuild trust.在美国,为了重建社会信任,有些人建议要改革政策。07:57identical:adj.同一的；完全相同的/n.完全相同的事物 equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值 recommended:adj.被推荐的/v.推荐,介绍;建议(recommend的过去分词)But my team and I wondered if design and a more inclusivedesign process could help add something positive to thispolicy conversation.但是我和我的团队在想 是否设计本身和 包容性的设计过程可以为政策对话带来实质的帮助。08:02We asked ourselves simply:Can design help rebuild trust?我们问自己:设计是否能重新修复信任？08:10So we reached out to community members and policeofficers in North Lawndale;its a neighborhood in Chicagowhere the police station is perceived as a scary fortresssurrounded by a parking lot.我们联络了北隆戴尔区的社区人员和警局官员;该区位于芝加哥,居民都视公安局为一座被停车场围绕的 可怕的堡垒。08:15In North Lawndale,people are afraid of police and of goinganywhere near the police station,even to report a crime.在北隆戴尔,居民都很害怕警察,甚至不敢走近警察局,即使是去报案。08:26So we organized this brainstorming session with bothgroups participating,and we came up with this whole newidea for the police station.所以我们安排了一场由警察和居民共同参与的 头脑风暴会议。最后我们讨论出一个关于警察局的全新概念:08:32Its called Polis Station.我们称之为“波乐司（“Polis）。08:41Polis is a Greek word that means a place with a sense ofcommunity.波乐司是希腊文:意思是一个有社区意义的地方。08:43Its based on the idea that if you can increase opportunitiesfor positive social interactions between police andcommunity members,you can rebuild that relationship andactivate the neighborhood at the same time.这个概念就是:如果你能够增加警察和区民之间 正向的接触机会,就可以重建友善的关系,并同时让整个社区活跃起来。08:48inclusive:adj.包括的，包含的 perceived:v.感知;认为(perceive的过去分词);领会/adj.感知到的;感观的 fortress:n.堡垒;要塞/vt.筑要塞;以要塞防守 brainstorming:n.集体研讨;发表独创性意见/v.集思广益以寻找;集体自由讨论(brainstorm的ing形式)participating:adj.由多人一起参加的;(股票等)持有人有权分享利益的/v.参加(participate的ing形式)Polis:n.城邦;都市国家 interactions:n.计交互,相互作用;相互交流(interaction复数)activate:vt.刺激;使活动;使活泼;使产生放射性/vi.激活;有活力Instead of the police station as a scary fortress,you gethighly active spaces on the public side of the station places that spark conversation,like a barbershop,a coffeeshop or sports courts as well.警察局不再是一座可怕的堡垒,取而代之的是其中生气勃勃的公共空间 一个能鼓励谈话的空间,比如理发店,咖啡馆,或者运动场。09:02Both cops and kids said they love sports.警察和青年人都一致说他们热爱运动。09:15These insights came directly from the community membersand the police officers themselves,and as designers,our rolewas just to connect the dots and suggest the first step.这个概念是直接由社区居民 和警局官员们共同提出来的。我们设计师的使命就是把这些概念连贯起来,协助把这些落实而已。09:18So with the help of the city and the parks,we were able toraise funds and design and build a half-court
