AmberCase_2010W[安柏.凯斯][我们现在都是半机器人].pdf

www.XiYuS锡育软件I would like to tell you all that you are all actually cyborgs,but not the cyborgs that you think.我想告诉你们大家 你们其实都是半机器人,不是你们想象的那种半机器人。00:12Youre not RoboCop,and youre not Terminator,but yourecyborgs every time you look at a computer screen or use oneof your cell phone devices.你们不是机器战警,也不是魔鬼终结者,但是你每次看着电脑屏幕 或者使用手机时你就是个半机器人。00:20So whats a good definition for cyborg?所以什么是半机器人的定义呢？00:28Well,traditional definition is an organism to whichexogenous components have been added for the purposeof adapting to new environments.传统的定义是一个生物体“为了适应环境而被 加入外源成分。”00:30That came from a 1960 paper on space travel.这是从1960年一篇太空旅行的文章中摘录的。00:36Because,if you think about it,space is pretty awkward;people arent supposed to be there.因为你想,空间是很可怕的;人类本不会去那里。00:39But humans are curious,and they like to add things to theirbodies so they can go to the Alps one day and then becomea fish in the sea the next.但是人类很好奇,他们很可能会给他们身体里加东西 所以他们有一天可以去阿尔卑斯山 然后另一天又变成海里的一条鱼。00:43So lets look at the concept of traditional anthropology.所以让我们看看传统的人类学观点。00:50cyborgs:n.半机械人;电子人(cyborg的复数)Terminator:n.终结者;终止子;明暗界限 cyborg:abbr.(部分机能由各种电子或电机装置代替的)半机械人;靠机械装置维持生命的人;受控机体(cyberneticorganism)exogenous:adj.外生的;外因的;外成的for the purpose of:为了目的 adapting:n.适应;适合;调节/v.改编;改变(adapt的ing形式)anthropology:n.人类学/人类学家Somebody goes to another country,says,How fascinatingthese people are,how interesting their tools are,how curioustheir culture is.有人到另一个国家 说:“这些人多么神奇啊,他们的工具是多么有趣 他们的文化是多么奇特啊！”00:53And then they write a paper,and maybe a few otheranthropologists read it,and we think its very exotic.然后他们写文章,也许有少数几个其他人类学家读了,我们觉得它特别有异国情调。01:00Well,whats happening is that weve suddenly found a newspecies.而正在发生的是 我们突然发现了一个新的物种。01:05I,as a cyborg anthropologist,have suddenly said,Oh,wow.Now suddenly were a new form of homo sapiens.我作为一个半机器人的人类学家,突然说:“噢,我们突然就成了一种新新人类。01:11And look at these fascinating cultures.过来看看这些魅力十足的文化。01:16And look at these curious rituals that everybodys doingaround this technology.过来看看这令人好奇的仪式 每个人都环绕着技术行事。01:18Theyre clicking on things and staring at screens.他们点击着东西,关注着荧屏。”01:22Now theres a reason why I study this,versus traditionalanthropology.我之所以研究这个 而不是传统的人类学是有原因的。01:25And the reason is that tool use,in the beginning,forthousands and thousands of years,everything has been aphysical modification of self.因为工具的使用 从一开始,经历了成千上万年,一切都是对人类的一种自身改造。01:29anthropologists:人类人类学家 exotic:adj.异国的;外来的;异国情调的 anthropologist:n.人类学家;人类学者 homo:n.人,人类;同性恋者 sapiens:adj.(拉)现代人的 versus:prep.对；与.相对；对抗 modification:n.修改,修正;改变It has helped us to extend our physical selves,go faster,hitthings harder,and theres been a limit on that.它帮助我们超越我们自身的体能,让我们走得更远,敲打起来更有力,而这些方面也是有限的。01:37But now what were looking at is not an extension of thephysical self,but an extension of the mental self.但是现在我们看到的不是人类自身体能的延伸,而是心智的延伸。01:43And because of that,were able to travel faster,communicatedifferently.因此,我们可以更快地旅行 用不同的方式交流。01:48And the other thing that happens is that were all carryingaround little Mary Poppins technology.另一件正在发生的事情是 我们都挟带着小MaryPoppins的魔法技术。01:52We can put anything we want into it,and it doesnt getheavier,and then then we can take anything out.我们可以把任何东西都装进去,而它却不会变重,然后我们又可以把任何东西都从里面取出来。01:57TED演讲者：Amber Case|安柏.凯斯演讲标题：Amber Case:We are all cyborgs now|我们现在都是半机器人内容概要：Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines-andconsiders how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated byhigh technology.安柏.凯斯Amber Case说技术正在将我们进化成一种盯着荧屏，点击按钮的新新人类。我们现在依靠“外部大脑”(例如手机和计算机)来交流，记忆，甚至生活在第二人生。但是这些机器会最终把我们联系在一起还是征服我们呢?凯斯Case对我们自身半机器人化提供了出人意料的见解。What does the inside of your computer actually look like?你计算机里面到底有什么？02:02Well,if you print it out,it looks like a thousand pounds ofmaterial that youre carrying around all the time.如果你把所有信息印出来,这就好比 你会不断地接受上千磅重的信息材料。02:04And if you actually lose that information,it means that yousuddenly have this loss in your mind,that you suddenly feellike somethings missing,except you arent able to see it,soit feels like a very strange emotion.而如果你真失去了这些信息,这意味着你心里感觉失去了它,你会突然感到少了什么,只是你看不见,你有一种非常奇怪的感觉。02:09The other thing that happens is you have a second self.另一件发生的事情是你拥有了第二个自我。02:21selves:n.自己,自我(self的复数);私心Whether you like it or not,youre starting to show up online,and people are interacting with your second self when yourenot there.无论你是否喜欢,你开始在网上出现,当你不在那里的时候,人们跟你网上的 第二自我交流。02:24And so you have to be careful about leaving your front lawnopen,which is basically your Facebook wall,so that peopledont write on it in the middle of the night-because itsvery much the equivalent.所以你得小心 别把朋友圈的第一道防线都开放,也就是你脸书的墙头,别让人家半夜里随便在上面涂写 因为它的效果跟现实生活是几乎等同的。02:30And suddenly we have to start to maintain our second self.所以突然我们要维护我们的第二自我。02:40You have to present yourself in digital life in a similar waythat you would in your analog life.你要在电子生活里展示自己 跟你在现实生活中要做的差不多。02:43So,in the same way that you wake up,take a shower and getdressed,you have to learn to do that for your digital self.跟你醒来,冲淋浴,穿衣服一样,你要学习怎样在你的电子生活中做这些事。02:48And the problem is that a lot of people now,especiallyadolescents,have to go through two adolescencies.问题是现在很多人 特别是青少年 要经历两个青春期。02:53They have to go through their primary one,thats alreadyawkward,and then they go through their second selfsadolescence.他们要经历他们主要的那个,那已经是很不容易了,他们还要经历他们的第二自我的青春期。02:59interacting:n.相互作用;相互制约/v.互相影响;互相作用(interact的ing形式)equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的/n.等价物,相等物 analog:n.自模拟;类似物/adj.自模拟的;有长短针的 adolescents:n.人类青少年(adolescent复数)adolescence:n.青春期And thats even more awkward because theres an actualhistory of what theyve gone through online.那更难 因为在这个实实在在的网络历史中 他们的网络经历都被记录。03:04And anybody coming in new to technology,is an adolescentonline right now.现在每个新接触技术的人 在网上都算是网络青少年。03:11And so its very awkward,and its very difficult for them to dothose things.所以这是很尴尬的 让他们做这些事情很难。03:15So when I was little,my dad would sit me down at night andsay,Im going to teach you about time and space in thefuture.所以当我还小的时候,晚上我爸爸会让我坐下对我说,“我来教你未来的时间和空间问题。”03:20And I said,Great.我说:“好。”03:24And he said one day,Whats the shortest distance betweentwo points?有一天他说:“两点间的最短的距离是什么？”03:26And I said,Well,thats a straight line.You told me thatyesterday.我说:“是直线,这个你昨天已经告诉我了。03:28I thought I was very clever.我觉得自己很聪明。”03:31He said,No,no,no.Heres a better way.他说:“不是,不是,这儿有一个更好的办法。”03:33He took a piece of paper,drew A and B on one side and theother and folded them together so where A and B touched.他拿了一张纸,在一面画了A在另一面画了B 然后把纸头折叠起来,让A和B碰在一起。03:36And he said,That is the shortest distance between twopoints.然后他说:“这是两点间最短的距离。”03:43And I said,Dad,dad,dad,how do you do that?我说:“爸爸,爸爸,你怎么做到的？”03:46adolescent:adj.青春期的;未成熟的/n.青少年 folded:v.折叠;交叉合拢;失败垮台;把牲畜关在栏中(fold的过去分词)/adj.折叠的;褶曲的He said,Well,you just bend time and space,it takes anawful lot of energy,and thats just how you do it.他说:“你就这样把时间和空间弯曲了,这需要花很大的能量,这就是你要做的。”03:48And I said,I want to do that.我说:“我想要这样做。”03:54And he said,Well,okay.他说:“好啊。”03:56And so,when I went to sleep for the next 10 or 20 years,I wasthinking at night,I want to be the first person to create awormhole,to make things accelerate faster.于是,之后的10,20年,我晚上去睡觉 总是想,“我要成为创造虫洞-时光隧道的人 让事物加速。03:58And I want to make a time machine.我想做一个时间机器。”04:07www.XiYuS锡育软件I was always sending messages to my future self using taperecorders.我总是用录音带给未来的我 传递信息。04:09But then what I realized when I went to college is thattechnology doesnt just get adopted because it works;it getsadopted because people use it and its made for humans.但是当我进了大学后发现 技术不是因为它有用,所以人们 才接纳它;技术是在人们的应用过程中被接纳的 它是为人类的应用需求而产生的。04:16So I started studying anthropology.所以我开始学习人类学。04:26And when I was writing my thesis on cell phones,I realizedthat everyone was carrying around wormholes in theirpocket.而当我在写关于手机的论文时,我认识到每个人的口袋里都装着虫洞-时光隧道。04:28wormhole:n.虫孔;蛀洞 recorders:n.电子录音机(recorder的复数)adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的/v.采用;接受(adopt的过去式和过去分词)thesis:n.论文；论点 wormholes:n.虫洞(wormhole的复数形式)They werent physically transporting themselves,they werementally transporting themselves.这虫洞-时光隧道不是通过身体接触来传递信息,它们其实是在心智上传递信息。04:33They would click on a button,and they would be connectedas A to B immediately.人们按一下按钮,人们就把A和B立刻联系起来了。04:37And I thought,Oh,wow.I found it.This is great.我想:“噢,哇,我找到了,这太棒了。”04:42So over time,time and space have compressed because ofthis.所以随着时间的推移,时间和空间 都因此被压缩联系在一起。04:44You can stand on one side of the world,whisper somethingand be heard on the other.你可以站在世界的这一头低语,而世界的另一端就能听到了。04:48One of the other ideas that comes around is that you have adifferent type of time on every single device that you use.而我另外想到的是 你用的每个设备都给你一个不同类型的时间。04:52Every single browser tab gives you a different type of time.每个网页都给你一个不同的时间轴。04:57And because of that,you start to dig around for yourexternal memories-where did you leave them?你因此而到处挖掘 你延伸的记忆,你把它们存在哪里了呢？05:00So now were all these paleontologists that are digging forthings that weve lost on our external brains that werecarrying around in our pockets.所以现在我们都成了古生物学家 挖掘我们遗失了的东西 我们将我们延伸的外部大脑揣在口袋里。05:04transporting:运输;猜火车(电影名)/v.运输(transport的ing形式)mentally:adv.精神上,智力上;心理上 compressed:adj.被压缩的;扁平的 browser:n.计浏览器;吃嫩叶的动物;浏览书本的人And that incites a sort of panic architecture.这会促发某种恐慌。05:11Oh no,wheres this thing?不行,这东西到底存在哪里？05:13Were all I Love Lucy on a great assembly line ofinformation,and we cant keep up.在信息爆炸前,我们都跟我爱露西电视里演的那样措手不及,我们跟不上信息的脚步。05:15And so what happens is,when we bring all that into thesocial space,we end up checking our phones all the time.因此 我们把这些都带到社交空间,结果我们每时每刻都在查看电话。05:21So we have this thing called ambient intimacy.所以我们把这个东西称为亲密环境。05:27Its not that were always connected to everybody,but atanytime we can connect to anyone we want.我们不是跟每个人时刻都联系着,但是我们在任何时候可以和任何人交流。05:29And if you were able to print out everybody in your cellphone,the room would be very crowded.如果你可以把你手机上的人都打印出来,那个屋子一定十分拥挤。05:34These are the people that you have access to right now,ingeneral-all of these people,all of your friends and familythat you can connect to.一般而言,这些就是你能联系到的人 和你有联系的所有朋友,家人05:38And so there are some psychological effects that happenwith this.这也会随之带来一些心理影响。05:44incites:vt.煽动;激励;刺激 assembly:n.装配；集会，集合 keep up:保持;继续;不低落;不落后 ambient:adj.周围的;外界的;环绕的/n.周围环境 intimacy:n.性行为;亲密;亲昵行为;隐私 in general:总之,通常;一般而言 psychological:adj.心理的；心理学的；精神上的One Im really worried about is that people arent takingtime for mental reflection anymore,and that they arentslowing down and stopping,being around all those peoplein the room all the time that are trying to compete for theirattention on the simultaneous time interfaces,paleontologyand panic architecture.其实我担心的一个是 人们不再花时间停下来内心反省,人们不再放慢速度和停下来,人们时刻和屋里的所有的人在一起 在同一时间界面 要争取所有人的注意力 仿佛我们生活在研究古生物学和面对恐慌的构架中。05:47Theyre not just sitting there.他们并不只是坐在那里。06:02And really,when you have no external input,that is a timewhen there is a creation of self,when you can do long-termplanning,when you can try and figure out who you really are.真的,当你没有外来影响时 就保留了一段创造自我的时间 你可以用来制定长远的计划 来试着发现你自己到底是什么样一个人。06:04And then,once you do that,you can figure out how topresent your second self in a legitimate way,instead of justdealing with everything as it comes in-and oh,I have to do而一旦你这么做了,你就能弄清楚 怎样合理地展示你的第二自我 而不是等着每件事发生,然后临阵应付 噢,我得做这个,做这个,做这个06:14dealing with everything as it comes in-and oh,I have to dothis,and I have to do this,and I have to do this.And so this is very important.所以这是很重要的。06:23Im really worried that,especially kids today,theyre notgoing to be dealing with this down time,that they have aninstantaneous button-clicking culture,and that everythingcomes to them,and that they become very excited about itand very addicted to it.我很担心,特别是今天的孩子,他们没有这种停机休息时间,他们生活在不断点击的文化中,什么东西都向他们扑面而来,他们对此非常兴奋,也非常容易上瘾。06:25slowing:n.放慢;减速;慢化/v.放慢;阻碍(slow的ing形式)simultaneous:adj.同时的；联立的；同时发生的/n.同时译员paleontology:n.古生物学 long-term:adj.长期的/从长远来看 legitimate:adj.合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的/vt.使合法；认为正当(等于legitimize)instantaneous:adj.瞬间的；即时的；猝发的 addicted to:上瘾;沉迷于So if you think about it,the world hasnt stopped either.你想么,世界也不会停下来。06:37It has its own external prosthetic devices,and these devicesare helping us all to communicate and interact with eachother.它自己也有自己外部修复设备,这些设备都在帮助我们 互相沟通和互动交流。06:40But when you actually visualize it,all the connections thatwere doing right now-this is an image of the mapping ofthe Internet-it doesnt look technological;it actually looksvery organic.如果你现在能看见这些 将我们联系在一起的链接,你看见的是一副英特网的地图。它上去并不是技术化的;它其实看上去是有机化的。06:46This is the first time in the entire history of humanity thatweve connected in this way.这是人类有史以来,我们第一次这样 链接在一起。06:57And its not that machines are taking over;its that theyrehelping us to be more human,helping us to connect witheach other.这并不是指机器主宰了我们;它们只是帮助我们更加人性化,帮助我们互相联系。07:03The most successful technology gets out of the way andhelps us live our lives.最成功的技术帮我们扫清障碍 帮我们生活得更好。07:10And really,it ends up being more human than technology,because were co-creating each other all the time.真的,最终机器使我们人类比起技术化来说,变得更人性化,因为我们一直互相合作共同创造。07:15And so this is the important point that I like to study:thatthings are beautiful,that its still a human connection;its justdone in a different way.所以这是我想研究的一个要点:事物是美好的,这还是要归于人类之间的联系;只是用了不同的方法。07:22prosthetic:adj.假体的;非朊基的 visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想/vi.显现 mapping:v.绘图;筹划(map的ing形式)/n.地图;绘图;数映像 out of the way:偏僻的;不同寻常的;不挡道;把移开Were just increasing our humanness and our ability toconnect with each other,regardless of geography.我们只是增强了我们人类的特性 以及我们不管地理位置的约束互相联系在一起的能力。07:30So thats why I study cyborg anthropology.这就是我研究半机器人类学的原因。07:35Thank you.谢谢。07:37(Applause)(掌声)07:39regardless of:不顾,不管 geography:n.地理;地形*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*