CatherineCrump_2014G[凯瑟琳 克龙普][你知道警察在跟踪你吗].pdf
www.XiYuS锡育软件The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson,Missouri,in the wake of the police shooting of MichaelBrown,underscored the extent to which advanced militaryweapons and equipment,designed for the battlefield,aremaking their way to small-town police departments acrossthe United States.在密苏里州弗格森的一场令人震惊的对抗议者的镇压中,警察开枪射杀了迈克尔?布朗,揭示了为作战而设计的 军用高级武器,正向 全美国镇级警署渗透。00:13Although much tougher to observe,this same thing ishappening with surveillance equipment.虽然更加不易察觉,但军用监控设备也以同样方式来到了我们身边。00:32NSA-style mass surveillance is enabling local policedepartments to gather vast quantities of sensitiveinformation about each and every one of us in a way that wasnever previously possible.美国国家安全局形制的大型监控系统,让本地警察局能够收集超大量的 个人敏感信息,这是前所未有的。00:38Location information can be very sensitive.位置信息可以是非常敏感的。00:51If you drive your car around the United States,it can reveal ifyou go to a therapist,attend an Alcoholics Anonymousmeeting,if you go to church or if you dont go to church.如果你在美国范围内开车,它能显示你是去看医生,还是去参加匿名酗酒者会议 去教堂,或者没去教堂。00:54crackdown:n.镇压;(美)制裁;强制取缔;惩罚 protestors:n.抗议者 in the wake of:紧紧跟随;随着而来;作为的结果;仿效 underscored:vt.强调;划线于下/n.底线,计下划线 small-town:adj.偏狭的;小都市的;土里土气的 surveillance:n.监督;监视 enabling:adj.授权的/v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词)quantities:n.数量,工程量;音符长度(quantity的复数)ina way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动 therapist:n.临床医学家;治疗学家 Alcoholics:n.酗酒者;醇剂(alcoholic的复数)Anonymous:adj.匿名的，无名的；无个性特征的And when that information about you is combined with thesame information about everyone else,the government cangain a detailed portrait of how private citizens interact.如果将你的信息 和其他人的同类信息相结合,政府就能详细地描绘出 公民间的私人关系。01:04This information used to be private.这样的信息曾经是私密的,01:15Thanks to modern technology,the government knows far toomuch about what happens behind closed doors.而因为现代科技,政府对家务事也知道的太多了。01:17And local police departments make decisions about whothey think you are based on this information.地方警察局能根据这些信息,对你的为人做出“官方”判断。01:23One of the key technologies driving mass location tracking isthe innocuous-sounding Automatic License Plate Reader.方位跟踪最常用的,是一种利用无害声波自动抓拍车牌的技术。01:31If you havent seen one,its probably because you didntknow what to look for-theyre everywhere.如果你没见过这种监控,很可能是因为你不知道怎么去找,它无处不在。01:38Mounted on roads or on police cars,Automatic License PlateReaders capture images of every passing car and convert thelicense plate into machine-readable text so that they can bechecked against hot lists of cars potentially wanted forwrongdoing.有的装在马路上方,有的在警车上,自动抓拍车牌相机会拍下经过的每一辆车,然后把汽车牌照转换成可机读的文字,这样就可以对照着黑名单 查出可疑车辆。01:45License Plate:牌照 Mounted:adj.骑马的;安装好的;裱好的/v.安装(mount的过去式和过去分词);爬上;骑上 machine-readable:adj.计机器可读的;可用计算机处理的 potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地 wrongdoing:n.坏事;不道德的行为But more than that,increasingly,local police departmentsare keeping records not just of people wanted forwrongdoing,but of every plate that passes them by,不仅如此,现在日益增多的情况是,地方警察局不仅会 查可疑车辆,而是只要有车经过都查,02:02resulting in the collection of mass quantities of data aboutwhere Americans have gone.收集每一个美国人的大量信息,了解他们的动态。02:13Did you know this was happening?这件事你知道吗？02:19When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked his local police departmentfor information about the plate reader data they had on him,this is what they got:in addition to the date,time and当迈克?卡茨拉卡德向当地警局 询问他的拍照记录,这是他得到的结果;除了日期,时间和地点02:21TED演讲者：Catherine Crump|凯瑟琳 克龙普演讲标题：The small and surprisingly dangerous detail the police track about you|你知道警察在跟踪你吗内容概要：A very unsexy-sounding piece of technology could mean that the police know whereyou go,with whom,and when:the automatic license plate reader.These cameras areinnocuously placed all across small-town America to catch known criminals,but as lawyer andTED Fellow Catherine Crump shows,the data they collect in aggregate could have disastrousconsequences for everyone the world over.一个听起来一点都不性感的机器能够让警察知道你在什么时候，和谁一起，去了什么地方，这就是自动抓拍相机。这些相机别安装在美国任何一个小镇的角落里，来监控犯罪。但是律师兼TED Fellow凯瑟琳 克龙普证明，警察搜集的这些数据汇总起来，很可能会在全世界范围内产生灾难性的后果。this is what they got:in addition to the date,time andlocation,the police department had photographs that captured wherehe was going and often who he was with.还有各种监控照片,显示他经常去哪、和谁在一起。02:33The second photo from the top is a picture of Mike and histwo daughters getting out of their car in their own driveway.上边数下来第二张照片是迈克和他的两个女儿 在家门前一起下车的照片。02:39The government has hundreds of photos like this about Mikegoing about his daily life.政府有几百张这样的照片,能知道迈克每天的行踪。02:47And if you drive a car in the United States,I would bet moneythat they have photographs like this of you going about yourdaily life.如果你也在美国境内开车,我打赌他们也有 关于你的各种生活照。02:53resulting:adj.作为结果的/v.致使(result的ing形式);产生 in addition to:除之外 driveway:n.(从建筑物,住房,车库等通往大路的)私人车道Mike hasnt done anything wrong.迈克没做过任何错事03:00Why is it okay that the government is keeping all of thisinformation?为什么政府可以这样收集他的信息？03:02The reason its happening is because,as the cost of storingthis data has plummeted,the police departments simplyhang on to it,just in case it could be useful someday.原因就是,由于储存信息的成本迅速下降,警局就紧紧抓住它不放,以防有朝一日能用上。03:06The issue is not just that one police department is gatheringthis information in isolation or even that multiple policedepartments are doing it.但问题是暗中搜集信息的 不是只有一家警局单干,或者只有几家各干各的。03:18At the same time,the federal government is collecting all ofthese individual pots of data,and pooling them togetherinto one vast database with hundreds of millions of hits,showing where Americans have traveled.与此同时,政府也在 将这数以亿计的各种个人信息,都收录到一个 统一的数据库中,跟踪美国人都去过哪里。03:26This document from the Federal Drug EnforcementAdministration,which is one of the agencies primarilyinterested in this,is one of several that reveal the existence ofthis database.联邦缉毒局的这个文件 是缉毒局的主要关注点之一,证明了这样的数据库的存在。03:39storing:n.储存;保管/v.储存;供应(store的ing形式)/adj.存储的 plummeted:n.测铅锤,坠子/vi.垂直落下;(价格,水平等)骤然下跌 hang on:坚持下去;不挂断;握住不放 isolation:n.隔离;孤立;电绝缘;化学离析 pots:abbr.光学地面模拟器(Photo-OpticalTerrainSimulator);简易老式电话服务(PlainOldTelephoneService)pooling:n.贸易联营,合并;池化/v.积水成池;淤积(pool的ing形式)Enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制 agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数)Meanwhile,in New York City,the NYPD has driven police carsequipped with license plate readers past mosques in orderto figure out who is attending.同时,在纽约市,纽约市警局派出装有摄像头的警车开过清真寺,看有谁在里面。03:50The uses and abuses of this technology arent limited to theUnited States.不是只有美国在滥用这项技术。04:00In the U.K.,the police department put 80-year-old John Katon a plate reader watch list after he had attended dozens oflawful political demonstrations where he liked to sit on abench and sketch the attendees.在英国,警察局 把80岁的约翰?卡加入了黑名单 因为他出现在很多次合法的政治游行当中,坐在一旁的长椅上,为游行者画素描。04:04License plate readers arent the only mass location trackingtechnology available to law enforcement agents today.自动抓拍相机可不是执法机构 唯一使用的跟踪技术。04:20Through a technique known as a cell tower dump,lawenforcement agents can uncover who was using one or morecell towers at a particular time,a technique which has beenknown to reveal the location of tens of thousands and evenhundreds of thousands of people.通过基站定位技术,执法机构能够知道谁 在某一时刻正在使用哪些个基站,这项技术能用来确定 几万甚至几十万人的位置。04:26Also,using a device known as a StingRay,law enforcementagents can send tracking signals inside peoples houses toidentify the cell phones located there.另外还有一种设备叫做“魟鱼”,（即“IMSI捕手”）执法机关能够在人们家里发送跟踪信号,来确定家里都有哪些手机在工作。04:41equipped:v.装备;预备(equip的过去分词);整装 mosques:n.清真寺(mosque的复数形式)abuses:v.滥用;虐待;辱骂(abuse的三单形式)/n.滥用;虐待;暴行(abuse的复数)demonstrations:n.示范,展示(demonstration复数)attendees:n.参加者;出席者(attendee的复数)known to:已知的 StingRay:n.黄貂鱼And if they dont know which house to target,theyve beenknown to drive this technology around through wholeneighborhoods.如果他们没有明确的目标 据说就会 让这个设备在住宅区全部运行一遍。04:51Just as the police in Ferguson possess high-tech militaryweapons and equipment,so too do police departmentsacross the United States possess high-tech surveillance gear.就像弗格森的警察配备了高科技军用武器,全美国的警察也都配备了 高科技的监控设备。04:59Just because you dont see it,doesnt mean its not there.你看不到（那些监控）不代表它们就不存在。05:09The question is,what should we do about this?问题是,我们应对此该做些什么？05:13I think this poses a serious civil liberties threat.我认为已这严重威胁到了公民的自由。05:16History has shown that once the police have massivequantities of data,tracking the movements of innocentpeople,it gets abused,maybe for blackmail,maybe forpolitical advantage,or maybe for simple voyeurism.历史表明,一旦警察有足够大量的数据,跟踪无辜民众的行踪,数据就会被滥用,可能用于勒索、政治获利,抑或是单纯的偷窥。05:19Fortunately,there are steps we can take.所幸的是,我们还是能采取一些措施。05:32Local police departments can be governed by the citycouncils,which can pass laws requiring the police to disposeof the data about innocent people while allowing thelegitimate uses of the technology to go forward.地方警察局由市议会管理,议会可以通过法律,要求警察 销毁无罪民众的数据,同时允许进一步的合法使用这些科技。05:35high-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的/n.高科技 poses:姿势 liberties:n.自由(liberty的复数)blackmail:n.勒索,敲诈;勒索所得之款/vt.勒索,敲诈 voyeurism:n.窥阴癖者 governed:v.管理(govern的过去式和过去分词);统治;支配councils:n.委员会(council的复数);理事会 dispose of:处理;转让;解决;吃光;除掉;卖掉 legitimate:adj.合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的/vt.使合法；认为正当(等于legitimize)go forward:发生,前进Thank you.谢谢。05:47(Applause).（掌声）05:49*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*
