RachelArmstrong_2009G[瑞秋.阿姆斯特朗][自我修复的建筑学].pdf
www.XiYuS锡育软件All buildings today have something in common.现在，所有的建筑都有一个共同点00:12Theyre made using Victorian technologies.就是都使用维多利亚时代的技术00:16This involves blueprints,industrial manufacturing andconstruction using teams of workers.包括蓝图、工业制造、还有需要一群工人来建造00:19All of this effort results in an inert object.这些都导致了一个消极的结果：00:27And that means that there is a one-way transfer of energyfrom our environment into our homes and cities.这是一个单向的能源转换，既从大自然到我们的城市和家中00:30This is not sustainable.所以这不是可持续发展的。00:37I believe that the only way that it is possible for us toconstruct genuinely sustainable homes and cities is byconnecting them to nature,not insulating them from it.我认为，建造可持续发展的家园和城市 的唯一方法，就是把他们和自然联系到一起 而不是分离开来00:39Now,in order to do this,we need the right kind of language.现在，为了做到这，我们需要一种正确的语言和自然“对话”。00:50Living systems are in constant conversation with the naturalworld,through sets of chemical reactions called metabolism.生命系统和大自然得以永久的沟通 在自然界之中通过一系列“新陈代谢”式的化学反应。00:54in common:共同的;共有的 blueprints:n.印刷蓝图;模板(blueprint的复数)/v.绘的蓝图;为制定详细规划(blueprint的单三形式)manufacturing:adj.制造的;制造业的/n.制造业;工业/v.制造;生产(manufacture的ing形式)inert:adj.化学惰性的;呆滞的;迟缓的;无效的 one-way:adj.单程的;单行道的;单方面的 sustainable:adj.可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的；可持续的 genuinely:adv.真诚地;诚实地 insulating:adj.绝缘的;隔热的/v.使绝缘(insulate的ing形式);隔离 metabolism:n.生理新陈代谢And this is the conversion of one group of substances intoanother,either through the production or the absorption ofenergy.这种“对话”是一些物质被转换成另一种 这种“对话”是一些物质被转换成另一种 通过生产或者吸收能量。01:02And this is the way in which living materials make the mostof their local resources in a sustainable way.这是一种将当地资源以可持续的方式转变为生活资料的方法 这是一种将当地资源以可持续的方式转变为生活资料的方法 这是一种将当地资源以可持续的方式转变为生活资料的方法01:10So,Im interested in the use of metabolic materials for thepractice of architecture.所以，我对把可以进行新陈代谢的物质 运用到建筑当中很感兴趣01:18But they dont exist.So Im having to make them.但这种材料并不存在，我要创造它们01:25Im working with Architect Neil Spiller at the Bartlett Schoolof Architecture.我现在在Bartlett建筑学院 和Neil Spiller建筑师一起合作。01:27And were collaborating with international scientists in orderto generate these new materials from a bottom up approach.同时，我们还和国际科学家一起合作 用自下而上的方法 来产生这种新物质。01:31That means were generating them from scratch.也就是说，我们要凭空创造。01:37One of our collaborators is chemist Martin Hanczyc,and hesreally interested in the transition from inert to living matter.化学家Martin Hanczyc是我们的一位合作者 他对处于惰性和活性之间的物质 很有兴趣。01:39conversion:n.转换;变换;金融兑换;改变信仰 substances:n.物物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数)absorption:n.吸收;全神贯注,专心致志 make the most of:尽量利用;十分重视 metabolic:adj.变化的;新陈代谢的 collaborating:n.合作;协作/v.合作(collaborate的ing形式);协调 from scratch:白手起家;从头做起 collaborators:n.劳经合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数)Now,thats exactly the kind of process that Im interested in,when were thinking about sustainable materials.那也正是我们在研究可持续发展物质中 让我感兴趣的。01:48So,Martin,he works with a system called the Protocell.Martin用一个叫做“原生细胞”的系统工作01:53Now all this is-and its magic-is a little fatty bag.And itsgot a chemical battery in it.这和魔术一样，看这个 是一团脂肪。里面有一个化学电池，01:58And it has no DNA.但没有DNA。02:04This little bag is able to conduct itself in a way that can onlybe described as living.这东西的行为方式 只有生命体才有02:07It is able to move around its environment.它可以在自己的环境中移动；02:12It can follow chemical gradients.被化学浓度高的地方吸引；02:15It can undergo complex reactions,some of which are happily它们能承受复杂的环境变化。它们是一些快乐的建筑师02:17TED演讲者：Rachel Armstrong|瑞秋.阿姆斯特朗演讲标题：Rachel Armstrong:Architecture that repairs itself?|自我修复的建筑学内容概要：TED Fellow Rachel Armstrong is a sustainability innovator who creates new materialsthat possess some of the properties of living systems,and can be manipulated to growarchitecture.意大利的威尼斯正在下沉中。为了拯救它，瑞秋.阿姆斯特朗认为采用传统材料的建筑学已经不再使用，我们需要能自我修复的建筑学。她提出了一种可以自我修复和估碳拟生材料。It can undergo complex reactions,some of which are happilyarchitectural.建筑师02:17So here we are.These are protocells,patterning theirenvironment.看这些原生细胞 能模仿周围的环境02:24We dont know how they do that yet.我们还不知道它们是怎么做到这些的02:28Here,this is a protocell,and its vigorously shedding thisskin.看，这也是个原生细胞，它正在努力的脱离表皮，02:31fatty:adj.脂肪的;肥胖的;多脂肪的;脂肪过多的/n.胖子 in a way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动 move around:v.走来走去;绕着来回转 gradients:n.渐变,数物梯度(gradient复数形式)architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的patterning:n.图案结构,图形/v.仿造(pattern的ing形式)vigorously:adv.精神旺盛地,活泼地 shedding:n.脱落;蜕落/v.脱落(shed的ing形式)Now,this looks like a chemical kind of birth.这有点像化学上的分娩，02:35This is a violent process.是一个艰难的过程02:37Here,weve got a protocell to extract carbon dioxide out ofthe atmosphere and turn it into carbonate.这是一个能从大气中分离二氧化碳的原生细胞 这是一个能从大气中分离二氧化碳的原生细胞 并转换为碳酸盐02:40And thats the shell around that globular fat.就是那些球状物边上的硬壳02:47They are quite brittle.So youve only got a part of one there.它们很脆，我们只能弄到一部分02:49So what were trying to do is,were trying to push thesetechnologies towards creating bottom-up constructionapproaches for architecture,which contrast the current,Victorian,top-down methods which impose structure uponmatter.所以，我们所作的是试着把这些技术 用来创造一种自下而上的 建筑方法 有别于现在乃至维多利亚时代沿用的自上而下的方法 这可以加强材料的结构.02:52That cant be energetically sensible.它们更先进03:05So,bottom-up materials actually exist today.这种材料 其实早就有了。03:08Theyve been in use,in architecture,since ancient times.我们的祖先早就把它们运用在建筑上了。03:12If you walk around the city of Oxford,where we are today,and have a look at the brickwork,which Ive enjoyed doingin the last couple of days,youll actually see that a lot of it ismade of limestone.如果你走在如今的牛津城，观察一下那些砖块 这些天我很喜欢这样 你能看见很多都是用石灰石做的。03:15extract:vt.提取;取出;摘录;榨取/n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹 dioxide:n.二氧化物 carbonate:vt.使充满二氧化碳;使变成碳酸盐/n.碳酸盐 globular:adj.球状的;由小球形成的;闻名世界的 brittle:adj.易碎的，脆弱的；易生气的 approaches:处理top-down:adj.计自顶向下;组织管理严密的 have a look at:看一看,看一眼 brickwork:n.砌砖;砖砌的建筑物limestone:n.岩石灰岩And if you look even closer,youll see,in that limestone,thereare little shells and little skeletons that are piled upon eachother.如果你更仔细的观察的话，你可以看见那些石头里有些小贝壳 和小骨头互相堆积。03:24And then they are fossilized over millions of years.它们被石化了数百万年，03:31Now a block of limestone,in itself,isnt particularly thatinteresting.现在做成了一块砖头 很有意思吧。03:34It looks beautiful.这看起来很漂亮03:39But imagine what the properties of this limestone blockmight be if the surfaces were actually in conversation withthe atmosphere.但是想象一下这石头会怎么样 如果它的表面可以一直和大气“对话”的话。03:41Maybe they could extract carbon dioxide.也许它们可以提取二氧化碳。03:50Would it give this block of limestone new properties?这会给这石灰砖新的特性吗？03:53Well,most likely it would.It might be able to grow.最有可能的就是它可以生长。03:56It might be able to self-repair,and even respond todramatic changes in the immediate environment.也许可以自我修复，甚至对所处环境更复杂的变化做出反应 甚至对所处环境更复杂的变化做出反应03:59So,architects are never happy with just one block of aninteresting material.而建筑学不会对 就一块特殊材料的转头感到满足04:05skeletons:n.骷髅;解剖骨骼(skeleton的复数);流言(歌曲名)piled:adj.有细毛的/v.堆积;积累(pile的过去分词)fossilized:adj.石化的;僵化的;老化的/v.石化(fossilize的过去式和过去分词)surfaces:n.表面;曲面(surface的复数)/v.使成平面(surface的第三人称单数形式)self-repair:n.自行修复 respond to:响应They think big.Okay?他要考虑的更多，对吗？04:11So when we think about scaling up metabolic materials,wecan start thinking about ecological interventions like repairof atolls,or reclamation of parts of a city that are damagedby water.所以当我们想考虑更多的代谢材料时，我们可以从生态干预入手，像修复珊瑚礁一样，或者是填埋那些 城市被水损害的部分04:13www.XiYuS锡育软件So,one of these examples would of course be the historic cityof Venice.这些例子 都像威尼斯一样。04:25Now,Venice,as you know,has a tempestuous relationship众所周知，威尼斯和海洋有着密切的关系，而且它建造在木桩上。04:30Now,Venice,as you know,has a tempestuous relationshipwith the sea,and is built upon wooden piles.它建造在木桩上。04:30So weve devised a way by which it may be possible for theprotocell technology that were working with to sustainablyreclaim Venice.所以，我们发明了一种 可以让原生细胞技术 可持续的改变威尼斯的方法04:36And architect Christian Kerrigan has come up with a series ofdesigns that show us how it may be possible to actually growa limestone reef underneath the city.建筑师Christian Kerrigan 想出了一系列的设计可以让城市下面的石灰石生长 可以让城市下面的石灰石生长04:44scaling:n.缩放比例;刮治术,口腔刮牙术;鳞片排列/v.剥落;刮鳞;生水垢(scale的ing形式)ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的interventions:n.法干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数)atolls:n.海洋环礁,地理环状珊瑚岛 reclamation:n.开垦;收回;再利用;矫正 tempestuous:adj.有暴风雨的;暴乱的;剧烈的 piles:n.痔疮;痔 devised:v.设计(devise的过去式和过去分词);计划;发明 reclaim:vt.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改/vi.抗议,喊叫/n.改造,感化;再生胶 come up with:提出;想出;赶上So,here is the technology we have today.这就是我们现在有的技术04:53This is our protocell technology,effectively making a shell,like its limestone forefathers,and depositing it in a verycomplex environment,against natural materials.这是我们的“原生细胞”技术 有效的生产出一种外壳，就像最早的石灰石一样，并且沉积在非常复杂的环境当中 并可以对抗自然材料04:56Were looking at crystal lattices to see the bonding processin this.现在，我们正在研究这其中晶胞的键合作用05:07Now,this is the very interesting part.这是非常有意思的一个部分。05:10We dont just want limestone dumped everywhere in all thepretty canals.我们不想让这些石灰石随便在这些美丽的运河中“排泄”05:12What we need it to do is to be creatively crafted around thewooden piles.我们需要它们在指定的地方生长 围绕着木桩生长05:15So,you can see from these diagrams that the protocell isactually moving away from the light,toward the darkfoundations.你看图中这些原生细胞 正在远离光线 而朝着暗处运动05:21Weve observed this in the laboratory.我们在实验室里观察到这一现象05:27The protocells can actually move away from the light.它们可以远离光线05:29forefathers:n.祖先;先人(forefather的复数)depositing:n.镀层,电铸;电沉淀;涂覆/v.存储;预付;放下(deposit的ing形式)bonding:n.粘合;机电子压焊/adj.结合的;黏结的/v.结合(bond的现在分词);联系 dumped:adj.废弃的;被甩了的/v.倾倒(dump的过去分词);猛地扔下 canals:n.水运运河;隧道(canal的复数)/v.在开凿运河(canal的第三人称单数)creatively:adv.创造性地;有创造力地 crafted:adj.精心制作的/v.精巧地制作(craft的过去分词)observed:adj.观察的;观测的/v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式)They can actually also move towards the light.You have tojust choose your species.它们也可以朝光运动，你只要选择它们的种类就行05:32So that these dont just exist as one entity,we kind ofchemically engineer them.所以，它们不是以一个实体存在的，我们用化学工程改造它们05:35And so here the protocells are depositing their limestonevery specifically,around the foundations of Venice,effectivelypetrifying it.现在看到的这些细胞正在修复石灰石 非常有目的性的，包围威尼斯的根基，有效的固定它。05:40Now,this isnt going to happen tomorrow.Its going to takea while.不过这些不是马上就能实现的，需要一些时间05:48Its going to take years of tuning and monitoring thistechnology in order for us to become ready to test it out in acase-by-case basis on the most damaged and stressedbuildings within the city of Venice.这需要几年的时间来改进和监控这项技术 为了可以在 一个案例一个案例测试的基础上 在威尼斯损伤最大的建筑上05:52But gradually,as the buildings are repaired,we will see theaccretion of a limestone reef beneath the city.但渐渐的，当这些建筑被修复时，我们将看到一个城市的下方逐渐堆积的石灰礁。06:03An accretion itself is a huge sink of carbon dioxide.自我堆积是一个很大的二氧化碳沉积过程06:09Also it will attract the local marine ecology,who will findtheir own ecological niches within this architecture.这也会影响到当地的海洋生态系统，它会找到自己在这个生态系统中的位置。06:13entity:n.实体；存在；本质 chemically:adv.用化学;以化学方法 petrifying:v.石化;硬化(petrify的现在分词)tuning:n.电子通信调谐;调音,起弦;协调一致;起音,定音 monitoring:n.监视,自监控;检验,检查/v.监视,通信军监听,监督(monitor的ing形式)case-by-case:具体分析;个例 accretion:n.添加;增加物;连生;冲积层 ecology:n.生态学；社会生态学 niches:n.生态生态位;建壁龛(niche的复数)/v.把放置在壁龛中;放在适当的位置(niche的三单形式)So,this is really interesting.Now we have an architecture thatconnects a city to the natural world in a very direct andimmediate way.这真是很有趣，现在我们有一种 可以把城市与自然连接在一起的建筑技术 通过一种直接有效的方式06:20But perhaps the most exciting thing about it is that the driverof this technology is available everywhere.不过也学最让人兴奋的是 这种技术在任何地方都有用。06:28This is terrestrial chemistry.Weve all got it.这是一种生态化学，我们全都掌握了。06:34Which means that this technology is just as appropriate fordeveloping countries as it is for First World countries.这意味着这种技术 对发达国家和发展中国家 都适合。06:37developing countries as it is for First World countries.So,in summary,Im generating metabolic materials as acounterpoise to Victorian technologies,and buildingarchitectures from a bottom-up approach.总结一下。我正在研究的代谢材料 是作为一种对维多利亚时代技术不足的弥补 并在建筑学中采用自下而上的方法。06:44Secondly,these metabolic materials have some of theproperties of living systems,which means they can performin similar ways.还有，这些代谢材料 有一些生命系统的特点，这意味着它们能与和生命相似的方式工作。06:53They can expect to have a lot of forms and functions withinthe practice of architecture.随着建筑学的进步，它们很有用武之地。07:00And finally,an observer in the future marveling at a beautifulstructure in the environment,may find it almost impossibleto tell whether this structure has been created by a naturalprocess or an artificial one.最后，如果一个未来的人 来看这些美丽的的建筑时 他可能分别不出 这些建筑 是大自然的杰作呢还是人类的作品07:05terrestrial:adj.地球的;陆地的,生物陆生的;人间的/n.陆地生物;地球上的人 as it is:实际上;事实上;既然如此architectures:n.建筑;架构(architecture的复数)marveling:n.奇迹/vt.对感到惊异/vi.感到惊讶 created by:由创建Thank you.谢谢07:20(Applause)掌声07:22*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*
