英语语法专题---简单句-并列句和复合句.ppt
简单句简单句,并列句和复合句并列句和复合句 1 I.句子的分类(按结构)句子的分类(按结构)1.简单句简单句(SimpleSentences)2.并列句并列句(CompoundSentences)按结构可分为:按结构可分为:3.复合句复合句(ComplexSentences)2 II.句子的分类(按用途)句子的分类(按用途)句子按用途可分为:句子按用途可分为:1.陈述句陈述句(DeclarativeSentences)2.疑问句疑问句(InterrogativeSentences)3.祈使句祈使句(ImperativeSentences)4.感叹句感叹句(ExclamatorySentences)3 1.简单句简单句例句:例句:1.Shegoestoworkeveryday.2.TomandIfoundherthere.3.Weallbreathe,eatandwork.4.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforwallnewspapers.说明:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语说明:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。(或并列谓语)构成的句子。4 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 1)主语)主语+谓语(谓语(vi.)例如:例如:Iwork.我工作。我工作。2)主语)主语+谓语(系动词)谓语(系动词)+表表例如:例如:Johnisbusy.约翰忙。约翰忙。3)主语)主语+谓语(谓语(vt.)+宾宾例如:例如:ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语。她学英语。5 4)主语)主语+谓语(谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾补宾补例如:例如:Healwaysmakesuslaugh.他总是让我们发笑他总是让我们发笑5)主语)主语+谓语(谓语(vt.)+间宾间宾+直宾直宾例如:例如:Mymothermademeanewdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。6 2.并列句并列句例句:例句:1.Ioftenhelpherandshehelpsme,too.2.Harrylikeseggs,buthedoesntlikechicken.3.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.区别比较:区别比较:Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforwallnewspapers.说明:由说明:由并列连词并列连词(如:(如:and,so,but,or等)或等)或分号(;)把分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起连在一起而构成的句子。而构成的句子。7 并列句的分类并列句的分类1.并列连词并列连词and,then,notonlybutalso等连接等连接联合并列句联合并列句,用用notonlybutalso时,前面一句要用部分倒装时,前面一句要用部分倒装。例如。例如:1)Useyourhead,andyoullfindaway2)Notonlydoeshewanttocome,butthestudentsalsoneedhim.8 2.并列连词并列连词but,while,yet等连接等连接转折并列句转折并列句。例如例如:(09北京)北京)21.Johnplaysbasketballwell,_hisfavoritesportisbadminton.A.soB.orC.yetD.for9 3.并列连词并列连词or,eitheror,otherwise等连接等连接选择并列句选择并列句。如如:EitheryouleavethishouseorIllcallthepolice.Hurryup,oryouwillmissthetrain.10 4.并列连词并列连词so,for,therefore等连接等连接因果因果关系并列句关系并列句。如如:Itwaslate,sowewenthome.Itrained,thereforethegamewascalledoff.11 注意:注意:1.在在“祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句”结构中结构中,当前后当前后两部分为两部分为承接关系时承接关系时,用用and;前后意思为前后意思为相反相反关系关系时时,用用or。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句,要将要将and或或or去掉。去掉。例如例如:Hurryup,andwellbethereintime.=Ifwehurryup,wellbethereintime.2.并列连词并列连词so不能与不能与because连用连用;并列连词并列连词but不能和不能和although或或though连用。连用。12 3.复合句复合句说明:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成说明:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子的句子,从句是主句的一成分。复合句包括从句是主句的一成分。复合句包括名词名词性从性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句)、语从句)、定语从句定语从句、状语从句状语从句。13 例句:例句:1.Ibelieveyouareright.2.Ifhestudiesharder,hewillpasstheexam.3.ThemanwhoisplayingbasketballisYaoming.4.ThereasonisthatIdontloveyouanymore.5.WhatIneedisenoughmoney.6.ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheEnglishtestistrue.14 简单句、并列句和复合句考点评析简单句、并列句和复合句考点评析简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型,在阅读简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型,在阅读中需有时要借助于划分句子成分来理解句子中需有时要借助于划分句子成分来理解句子的意思,在书面表达中如果没有基本的遣词的意思,在书面表达中如果没有基本的遣词造句能力是无法用地道的英语句子来表达清造句能力是无法用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。楚的。高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要体现在体现在对连词的选择和使用上对连词的选择和使用上。如:。如:and,or,but,以及定语从句,名词性从句,状语从以及定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句的句的连接词,关联词连接词,关联词。15 II.句子的分类(按用途)句子的分类(按用途)句子按用途可分为:句子按用途可分为:1.陈述句陈述句(DeclarativeSentences)2.疑问句疑问句(InterrogativeSentences)3.祈使句祈使句(ImperativeSentences)4.感叹句感叹句(ExclamatorySentences)16 用来用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。(肯定肯定和否定和否定),句中含有句中含有never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,barely,nothing,nobody,nowhere等词时等词时,应视为否定句。应视为否定句。1.陈述句(陈述句(DeclarativeSentences)17 例如:例如:1)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)2)Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)3)Shedidnthearofyoubefore.4)Icouldhardlyhearanything.18 用来提出请求,建议或发出命令,肯定的祈用来提出请求,建议或发出命令,肯定的祈使句用动词原形开头,否定的祈使句用使句用动词原形开头,否定的祈使句用Dont或或Never+动词原形开头。例如:动词原形开头。例如:1.Sitdown,please!2.Dontbenervous!2.祈使句(祈使句(ImperativeSentences)19 有些祈使句还可以没有动词。例如:有些祈使句还可以没有动词。例如:Silence!Noparking!有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动词词do。例如:例如:Docomeearlier,please!20 表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,常用表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,常用what或或how来引导。常见的句型结构是:来引导。常见的句型结构是:What+名词名词+主语主语+谓语!谓语!How+形容词或副词形容词或副词+主语主语+谓语!谓语!例如:例如:1)Whatgoodnewsitis!2)Whatasillyquestionheasked!3)Howcoolitistoday!4)Howhardthestudentsareworking!3.感叹句(感叹句(ExclamatorySentences)21 a.一般疑问句(一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):常:常指用指用yes或或no回答的句子,常把助动词回答的句子,常把助动词be、have、do或情态动词等提到主语之前,例如:或情态动词等提到主语之前,例如:Canyoufinishtheworkintime?Areyouastudent?DoyoulikeEnglish?用来提出问题用来提出问题,有以下四种:有以下四种:4.疑问句(疑问句(InterrogativeSentences)22 b.特殊疑问句(特殊疑问句(SpecialQuestions):):指指用用what,how,when,which,where,howmany,howmuch,等疑问词开头的疑问句,不能用等疑问词开头的疑问句,不能用yes或或no回答,例如:回答,例如:Wheredoyoulive?Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?23 c.选择疑问句(选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):这种疑问句通常提出两种或两种以上的情况,要这种疑问句通常提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择,供选择的部分常用求对方选择,供选择的部分常用or连接。例如:连接。例如:1.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?2.Whichjacketdidhebuy,thegreenoneortheredone?24 d.反意疑问句(反意疑问句(TagQuestions):在陈述句后:在陈述句后附上一个简短问句,表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽有附上一个简短问句,表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽有一定见解,但没有把握,提出疑问,希望得到对方的一定见解,但没有把握,提出疑问,希望得到对方的证实。常见句型结构是:前肯定后否定;前否定后肯证实。常见句型结构是:前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定两种。要注意陈述句中的否定有多种形式,除了用定两种。要注意陈述句中的否定有多种形式,除了用not之外,还可以用之外,还可以用hardly,few,little,never,seldom,nobody,nothing,nowhere等词表示否定,等词表示否定,但但否定的前缀和后缀不算否定否定的前缀和后缀不算否定。25 例如:例如:1)Workisabigpartofyourlife,isntit?2)Theyallhadagoodtime,didntthey?3)Shedislikespets,doesntshe?4)Hedoesntknowher,doeshe?5)Nobodycameherejustnow,didthey?6)Tomcanhardlycook,canhe?26 27 一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room.4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.简单句简单句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单句简单句 28 5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important.9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句并列句并列句 复合句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句29 二、用适当的词填空二、用适当的词填空1.Give me one more minute _ I will be able to finish it.2._joyful he was to meet his brother again!3.I am sorry to have to say this,_ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.4.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others love swimming.andHowbutwhile30 5.Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?6.Mary went to bed early,_ she felt very tired.7.Mother cut her finger _ she was making a dress.8.Its really very dangerous.One more step,the baby will fall into the well.9.She is American,_ she knows litter about American history.10.Study hard,_ you wont pass the exam.orforwhenandbutor31 三、按要求完成以下句子三、按要求完成以下句子1.He dares to tell the truth.(改为否定句改为否定句)He doesnt dare to tell the truth.或或He dare not tell the truth.2.they have lived here for more than ten years.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)How long have they lived here?3.There will be a sports meeting at the end of this month,_?(完成反意问完成反意问)wontthere32 4.You must be careful with your pronunciation.(改为祈使句改为祈使句)Be careful with your pronunciation.5.They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句)Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?6.It is an interesting story.(改为感叹句改为感叹句)What an interesting story(it is)!或或How interesting the story is!33 7.This magazine comes out every other week.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)How often does this magazine come out?8.They could hardly believe his words,_?(完成反意疑问完成反意疑问)9.The moon is shining brightly.(改为感叹句改为感叹句)How brightly the moon is shining!10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to remember more words.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)Who is always encouraging us to remember more words?couldthey34