高中英语2025届高考词汇分类讲解汇总(旅游与交通).doc
高考英语词汇分类讲解(旅游与交通)vacation /veken/n.假期 v.度假重点&考点:既可数又不可数不可数的情况:on vacation 表示“在度假中”这个状态,不可数。示例:Mr.Fuller is on vacation now.费勒先正在度假。summer vacation 99%的情况下,不可数。真题示例:I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.答案:把vacations改成vacation可数的情况:如果表达的是多个假期,就可以加s。示例:During my life, I have enjoyed many happy summer vacations.终我,我度过了许多个开的暑假。注意:这种情况从未在考中出现,所以,summer vacation在考99%的情况是不加s的。cover /kvr/v.覆盖 n.覆盖物释义详解:cover的英是释义put something on top of/in front of something in order to protector conceal it,意思就是“为了保护或者隐藏个东,把另外个东放在它上边或前边。”不管是“覆盖”、“掩盖”、“封”、“遍布”,其实都是cover的核意思“覆盖”。法与搭配:be covered with/by 被覆盖着真题例句:The path to Dawsonwas covered with thirty feet of wet snow.翻译:去Dawson的路上覆盖着三十英尺的湿雪。discover /dskvr/v.发现,查明,探索释义详解:dis否定前缀+ cover覆盖物除去覆盖物发现。重点变形解析:变 discovery (n.) 发现示例:Discovery Channel 探索频道explore /ksplr/vt.&vi.探索;勘查释义详解:ex-前缀表示“向外”,-plore的发与“部落”相似,所以,ex-plore可以想像成向外去寻找部落,表示“探索”。真题例句:but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics翻译:但研究探讨发现了如果消费者新的电产品取代旧产品会发什么broad /brd/adj.宽阔的,辽阔的释义详解:broad=b+road,看到broad我们就可以想到宽阔的路,所以broad表示“宽阔的,辽阔的”重点变形解析:broaden (v.) 变宽类似变形:strength (n.) 力量 strengthen (vt.) 使有力量,增强white (adj.) 白色的 whiten (vt.) 使变白常用固定短语:broaden ones view 开阔某人的眼界arrange /rend/vt.排列;整理;安排释义详解:orange 和 arrange 发音和拼写相似, orange 切开以后,一瓣一瓣整整地排列在一起。所以, 排列 arrange 得整整的就是 orange。真题例句:Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party.翻译:去年,莫兰参与了个项目 ,为一个舞会 安排了法茨·沃勒的音乐。用法与搭配:arrange to do sth 计划做某事重点变形解析:arrangement (n.) 整理;安排真题例句:Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.翻译: 物网 可能被许多薄弱环节所控制,因为这种安排在期内更为稳定。 用法与搭配:make an arrangement to do sth 安排做某事destination /destnen/n.目的地释义详解:destiny表示“命运”,命中注定要去的地方 就是 “目的地”。真题例句:The town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.翻译:这个小镇正迅速成为深受亚洲人欢迎的周末度假目的地。remote /rmot/adj.遥远的;偏远的 n.遥控器释义详解:remote 作为名词时有“遥控器”的意思,遥控器就是隔着遥远的距离也能控制,所以 remote 有“遥远的”的意思。考点&重点:高考更常考的是 “偏远的 ”这个意思。真题例句:.and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities.remote areas:偏远地区address /dres/n.地址 v.处理;解决作名词时:“地址”示例:IP address / IP 地址作动词时:“处理;解决”真题例句:The DriveLAB is helping us to understand how we might use technology to address these problems.翻译:DriveLAB 正在帮助我们了解如何使用技术解决这些问题。Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.翻译:自适应的信号灯可以保证交通需求得到了解决。spot /spt/n.点,斑点,地点 vt.发现作名词时:“点,斑点,地点”释义详解:spot 做名词表示点,可表示“斑点”,斑点狗就是 spotted dog,也可表示“地点”,还可以是衣服上的油点子或泥点子,总之就是点。常用固定短语:on the spot 在场;当场 示例:He asked Jenny to marry him on the spot.他当场向珍妮求婚。He was not on the spot when the accident happened.事故发生时他不在场。作动词时:“发现”示例:He was spotted by his teacher.他被老师发现了。真题示例:One morning I_a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land.A.dropped B.spottedC.carried D.returned答案:Bbudget /bdt/n.预算 adj.低廉的,便宜的释义详解:budget 和八戒的读音相似, 八戒守8条戒律,这个不能做,那个不能做,就像 budget“预算”限制你的花销。区分:budget & revenue & compensation & allowancebudget:“ 预 算 ” 的 限 制 很 多 , 什 么 都 不 准 买revenue:通常指公司的、组织的收入 。 每个月领的工资就可以用salary或 income 表示,但还称不上revenue,年收入就可以说 revenue。所以,revenue 指“大笔收入”。compensation:“补偿”,通常是在受到了损失、伤害、遭罪之后,给的补偿。allowance: “津贴;零花钱”。特指的是在一些规定和特殊目的下给的钱, allow 是允许的意思,在规则内允许你获得钱,allowance自然就是妈妈允许你拥有的“零花钱”。真题示例:They planned to keep the_low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.A.budget B.revenueC.compensation D.allowance答案:A翻译:他们计划通过吃面 ,和偶尔去吃汉堡店招待自己一下,来把预算保持在一个比较低的水平。beyond /bjnd/adv.&prep.超出;在更远处释义详解:Beyond 乐队非常经典,后人难以超越。所以,这个词的意思是 “超越,超出;在更远处”,需要注意的是这是一个副词。真题示例:Erin had gone _what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful.A.into B.against C.over D.beyond答案:D解析:go beyond 表示“走得远”常用固定短语:and beyond 及以后真题例句:In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond.翻译:在任何一个特定的办公室,员工的年龄从22 岁到 70 岁甚至更高。示例:up to the year 2009 and beyond 至2009 年及以后They are pushing the laws to their limits and beyond.他们把这些法规推行得过了头。book /bk/n.书 v.预定释义详解:如果预定了什么东西 ,别人会用一个小book登记,所以,把你的名字记在book 上,就“预定”成功了。有一个叫做 booking 的网站,就是预定机票和酒店的。真题例句:What does Donna offer to do for Bill?A.Book a flight for him.B.Drive him to the airport.C.Help him park the car.Book a flight for him:为他预订一个航班agency /ednsi/n.代理机构,中介示例:travel agency 旅行社重点变形解析:agent (n.) 代理人,特工示例:Agents of Shield 神盾局特工真题例句:Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.booking agent: 预定代理人agenda (n.) 议事日程、工作事项exchange /kstend/n.&vt.兑换;交换释义详解:ex-前缀表示引出, exchange 就表示引出变化,“交换”可以引出变化。所以 exchange 表示“交换;兑换”。既可以指交换具体的东:示例:exchange books 交换书money/currency exchange 货币兑换也可以指交换抽象的东:示例:exchange ideas 交换想法真题示例:Ive never_words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help.A.recalled B.exchangedC.repeated D.whispered 答案:B翻译:exchange words:交谈currency /krnsi/n.货币释义详解:词根 cur 的本意是跑来跑去的。所以,currency 原先就是“流动,流传”的意思, 而流转频繁的东西,就是“货币”,所以 currency 就逐渐有了“货币”的意思。真题例句:Rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.翻译:重复阅读一个作者的作品是一个读者对他们最大的回报。pack /pæk/v.装箱;把.包起来 n.群作名词时:“群”真题例句:The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.翻译:美国类和野生动物服务中心仔细监控和管理石国家公园的狼群。常用固定短语:a pack of 一群.真题例句:We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs,seven to be exact.答案:ofa pack of dogs :一群狗作动词时:“装箱;把.包起来 ”重点变形解析:unpack vt.&vi.打开;取出package n.行李;包裹luggage /ld/n.行李同义词:baggage (n.) 行李常用固定短语:baggage/luggage allowance 行李限额set out/off /set at/&/set f/v.出发,启程释义详解:off有离开的意思,而out有出去、去外面的意思,既然要出去,要离开,所以这两个词都有“出发、启程”的意思,可随时互换。示例:We set off/out for Beijing.我们出发去北京了。It was raining when we set out/off.我们出发时正下着雨.transport /trænsprt/vt.运输、运送释义详解:trans 转移 + port 拿,运 从一个地方拿到另一个地方 运输。这个词的意思就是:把某个东从一个地方运送到另一个地方,这个东可以是物品,也可以是人。translate /trænzlet/vt.翻译;转换释义一:“翻译”示例:Google Translate 谷歌翻译重点变形解析:translation (n.) 翻译释义二:“转换”释义详解:translate表示“转换”的时候,意思和transport一模一样。真题例句:This tour transports you back in time to one of San Franciscos most fantastic periods, the 1950s!翻译:这次旅行将带你回到旧金山最美妙的时期之一20世纪50年代!注意:这里的transport可以直接替换为translate-This tour translates you to the 1950s。transfer /trænsfr/v.转账;换乘;转让释义一:“转账”示例:transfer record 转账记录transfer amount 转账金额释义二:“换乘”示例:The next station is 春熙road.Passengers transferring to Line 3 please get ready to exit the door from the left side.下一站是春熙路。换乘3号线的乘客请从左侧准备下。释义三:“转让”示例:The ticket can't be transferred.此票不能转让。vehicle /vikl/n.交通工具;辆释义详解:vehicle是个法语的外来词,原来的意思是carry“带来,携带”。发展到英语里,它的意思就具象化了,表示“交通工具”,尤其常用来指陆地上跑的,又尤其特指辆,所以vehicle在很多时候,直接被翻译为“辆”。真题例句:One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.翻译:又看了一眼,他发现车下面在冒着熊熊烈火。express /kspres/adj.快速的 vt.表达,表示作形容词时:“快速的”真题例句:An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later.翻译:大约三十分钟后,一列特快列将驶过。衍生词:expressway (n.) 高速公路表示“高速公路”的词语还有:motorway;highway ; freeway作动词时:“表达;表示”用法与搭配:express oneself 表达自己的感受真题例句:He could be smart and express himself with clay.翻译:他可以很聪明地用陶器来表达自己的感受。重点变形解析:expression (n.) 表情;表达示例:facial expression 面部表情an expression of surprise 惊讶的表情drive /drav/.v.驾驶;驱使,迫使 n.驱动力,干劲,欲望重点&考点:熟词僻义僻义一:“驱使,迫使”示例:drive us crazy 把我们逼疯drive you mad 把你逼疯僻义二:“驱动力,干劲,欲望”(名词)真题示例:He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his _ to work and succeed.A.heart B.chance C.drive D.way答案:C翻译:他说如果他辞职,他会失去工作或成功的动力。board /brd/n.板子,木板 v.上船(或火、机、公共汽等)释义详解:board本意是木板,板子,上船其实上的是甲板,甲板就是板子。所以board就可以表示“登上船”,引申一下,board还可以指登上机、火等交通工具。示例:boarding pass 登机牌rent /rent/v.租 n.租金作名词时:“租金”真题例句:Which is included in the rent?翻译:哪一个包含在了租金里?作动词时:“租”常用固定短语:rent out 出租真题例句:The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars.翻译:这个州为公司贩卖和出租无人驾驶扫清了道路。emerge /imrd/vi.出现,浮现示例:The moon emerged from behind a cloud.月亮从云朵后钻出来。重点变形解析:emergence (n.) 出现示例:The moon's emergence from the cloud is beautiful.月亮从云朵后浮现,很美。emergency (n.) 紧急情况,突发事件示例:emergency room 医院抢救室emergency call 紧急电话catch /kæt/vt.抓住;赶上示例:catch the ball 抓住球catch the flight 赶飞机不规则变形:catch-caught-caught示例:My student was caught sleeping in class .我的一个学生被逮到上课睡觉。常用固定短语:catch up 赶上;补做;了解情况;一把抓释义一:“赶上”示例:He ran so fast that I could not catch him up.他跑得太快以至于我都追不上。真题示例:I ran desperately but failed to _.It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out答案:B翻译:我拼命地跑,但没赶上。它冲破了一道木栅栏,消失了。释义二:“一把抓”示例:He caught up his luggage and rushed out of the house.他一把抓过他的行李冲出了房子。释义三:“补做”示例:You must catch up on your sleep.你必须补觉。catch up with her work 把她的工作补上释义四:“了解情况”示例:My father wants to catch up on/with my study.我的父亲想跟我了解一下我的学习情况。delay /dle/vi.&vt.&n.延误,延迟作动词时:常用被动语态表示某事或某物被延迟示例:Our train has been delayed because of the snow.由于大雪,我们的列晚点了。作名词时:常用固定短语:without delay 立即示例:Measures must be taken to control COVID-19 without delay.必须立即采取措施,控制新冠。cancel /kænsl/v.取消真题例句:I am calling to cancel the meeting we scheduled for this afternoon.翻译:我打电话是想取消我们今天下午安排的会议。示例:cancel a flight 取消航班cancel the match 取消比赛cancel the train 取消火不规则变形:cancel-cancelled-cancelledbroken /brokn/adj.损坏的;折断的释义详解:broken是break的过去分词,作为形容词表示“损坏的,折断的”。示例:Our car was broken on the road.我们的在路上坏了。break down /brek dan/phr.(机器等)发生故障释义详解:down是一个很负面意义的词,它本意是指方向“向下”,它出现的词组大多都表示不好的意思,所以break down自然是指不好的情况,意思是“(机器等)发生故障”。示例:Our car broke down on the road.我们的在路上坏了。sight /sat/n.视力;看;景观、名胜释义详解:这个词的本意是视力,你能看东依赖的就是“视力”。后来引申为“看”,再然后人们用它表示看景的情况越来越多,它就直接表示“景名胜”了。真题例句:Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations.翻译:下一次你不管在哪儿散步,享受所有的景、声音、感觉。常用固定短语:out of sight 看不熟语:out of sight, out of mind:眼不心不烦。scenery /sinri/n.景,景色重点&考点:比较scene和scenery相同点:表示“景”的时候,scene 和 scenery 常常可以互换。示例:The scene/scenery here is beautiful. 这里的景真美。不同点:一:scene可数,scenery不可数。示例:street scenes:街景二:scene表达的意思更广泛,可以表示“场面,现场“ ,而scenery不可以。示例:The killer may have returned to the crime scene to cover his tracks.凶手可能曾回到犯罪现场掩盖自己的罪行。Behind the scenes, Xiao Li studies very hard. 小李私底下非常努力。breathtaking /bretek/adj.叹为观止的,惊人的释义详解:breath表示“呼吸”,take意思是“拿,拿走”,把呼吸都带走了,想象看到一个景色,让你惊呆了,甚至都忘记了呼吸。所以,这个词作为形容词就表示“叹为观止的,惊人的”。示例:The Great Wall is breathtaking.城令人叹为观止。真题例句:If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China - its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes.翻译:如果你今天谈论时尚,你就是在谈论中国它的影响、它的方向、它令人叹为观止的服装wander /wndr/vt.&vi.&n.闲逛,漫步;徘徊释义详解:wander的英文释义是“walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way”。后面的几个形容词就是关键:leisurely“闲适的”,casual“休闲的”,aimless“漫无目的的”。所以wander相比walk,更强调“闲”、“漫”、“徘徊”。真题例句:We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.翻译:我们将在传统的小城镇漫步,并在上海的一个特别的博物馆结束我们的旅行。information /nfrmen/n.信息示例:Information Center 信息咨询中心重点&考点:information是不可数名词。真题示例:Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.答案:把informations改为informationinform /nfrm/vt&vi.告知,通知区分:convince,remind,inform,warnconvince表示”使某人相信”,“说服“某人remind表示“提醒”inform就是普通的“告知”warn表示“警告”用法与搭配:keep sb.informed 让某人知道某事(强调尽快、及时知道)示例:“考试成绩公布了吗?”“还没”-“ok,please keep me informed.”好的,随时通知我。14