2022初中教案人教版初三（上）英语第25讲：Unit 13词汇（学生篇）.docx

第25讲 Unit 13词汇篇 _第十三单元重点单词和句型短语归纳1. make a difference 起作用；有影响 2. take part in 参加 3. turn off 关掉 4. pay for 付费；付出代价 5. cut down 减少 6. lead to 导致 7. hear of 听说 8. cut off 切除9.throw away 扔掉 10. put sth. to good use 好好利用 11. put down 拆下 12.upside down 上下颠倒 13.bring back 恢复重点句子1.Were trying to save the earth. 我们在努力拯救地球。2. The rive used to be so clean. 这河流过去是如此的清澈。3. The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。 1. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。2. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。重要句型详解：1.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。cut down 意为“减少”；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于down前面。Youd better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好能把这篇文章压到两千字左右。【拓展】cut down 还可表示“砍倒”的意思。They cut down the big tree. 他们砍倒了这棵大树。cut off 切断；切除cut into 把切成cut up 切碎cut in 插队辨析：spend, cost, take, pay 花费主语表示的内容spend人宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。cost物或事后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。take事或人它说明事情完成“花费了”。pay 人意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”pay for人宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因2.Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？辨析：join, join in 和take part in join 加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。join in加入一种具体活动。take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？ She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。 Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？Did you take part in the sports meet? 你参加运动会了吗？3. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。 afford是动词，意为“买得起,担负得起”，通常与can, could, be able to连用,多用于否定句中。They couldnt afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。 afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。We cant afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。4.And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。【辨析】be made + 介词be made of “某物由制造而成”（从制成品中可以看出原材料）be made from“某物由制造而成”（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料）。be made in“某物由某地制造”be made by“某物由某个人或集体制造而成”，其中介词by用来强调动作的执行者。 be made into某种原料制成某物be made up of某物由组成或构成4. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。“not only but also ”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both and ”。使用not only but also 时须注意的几点： not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等：They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. 他们不仅准时完成工程，而且完成得很出色。 not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用：Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of time. 电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多时间。谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致：Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in this college. 不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。 not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构：Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。6.Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to do need doing=need to be done 需要被现在分词doing表被动“需要被做”，相当于need to be done。 My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。 need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时need有人称和数的变化。 He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。7.What or who is causing these problems? 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？cause用作动词，当“引起，造成，使得”讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。 cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+直接宾语)为固定用法。 He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 他给父母带来很多烦恼。1.Did you tell it to Jack? Yes, but we were _ in the middle of our telephone conversation. A. cut down B. cut off C. cut up D. cut into 2.Do you take exercise every day? Yes. I always _thirty minutes after supper.A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay3.Have you _ a club? Yes, Im in a swimming club and I often _ the swimming training. A. joined; take part inB. joined; join C. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in 4.Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _to. She has donated much of the money she saved to charities. A. affordB. allow C. remind D. pay5.Something is wrong with my car. It needs _. A. repairB. to repair C. repairing D. to be repair 基础演练I. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。1. Dont play a joke on him about his weight its _(残忍的).2. You are supposed to know the _(法律) of your own country.3. Can these toys be _(回收利用)?4. These materials are widely used in _(工业).21世纪教育网版权所有5. They walked because they couldnt _(负担得起) a taxi.6. To solve this problem, we need to learn more _(科学的) knowledge.II. 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。reuse, shark, ecosystem, transportation, fin1. People need to get out of their cars and use public _.21教育网2. We saw two _ in the wild zoo. They are large and have sharp (尖的) teeth.3. Things that are _ can be used more than once. 4. Do fish use their _ to swim?5. A(n) _ is about all the plants and animals that live in a specific (特定的) area.21·cn·jyIII. 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。napkin, iron, creative, inspire1. Mr. Liu is a writer with _. The books he wrote are really popular.2. Poets and artists often draw their _ from 来源:学科网3. When finishing eating, the boy cleaned his mouth with a(n) _.4. Have you heard of the old saying “Strike (打) while the _ is hot”?IV. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，用恰当的短语填空。1. One third of boys in my class _(参加) the running race last week.www.21-cn-2. Please _(关掉) the TV. Its  too noisy.2·1·c·n·j·y来源:Z_xx_k.Com3. The doctor says fruit juice _(对有害) childrens teeth.4. If you dont work hard now, youll _(为付出代价) it later when you fail your exams.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】5. They had a picnic _(在顶部) of the hill.6. Last month they _(采取行动) to prevent water pollution.7. Insects are fairly low on _(食物链).21·世纪*教育网8. One of his fingers was _(切掉) in the accident.9. _(的数量) trees has increased in the past few years.10. Helen _(不再) practices the piano.www-2-1-cnjy-comV. 将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 张丽现在在图书馆看书。_2. 这条街道过去很脏。_3. 那个国家讲什么语言？_4. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。_5. 他七岁时就会弹吉他。_.巩固提高I. 根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. The white _(build) was set up three years ago.21教育网2. Greg was a(n) _(luck) boy. Many people offered him help.3. Jenny thinks the _(perform) was really 4. How could she have acted _(different)? 5. Staying with them made me _(comfortable). I decided to leave.来源:学+科+网II. 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，有的需要变换形式。bin, cost, coal, fisherman, takeaway1. A hot _ fell out of the fire and burnt the carpet (地毯).2. A _ is hot cooked food that you buy from a shop or restaurant and eat somewhere else3. Do you want this or shall I throw it in the _?4. Writing such a long novel _ much time and patience.来源:Zxxk.Com5. Look! Some _ are catching fish over there. 根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。bore, pay, work, take pride in, keep onBill is a twelve-year-old boy. He found a job in a restaurant during the summer holiday last year. He washed dishes and cleaned the kitchen. He (1)_ six hours a day. It was really a hard and (2)_ job. Once in a while, he wanted to give it up, but he (3)_ working. He felt very tired after four-week hard work. At last he was (4)_ 700 yuan.Bill felt like a grown-up after doing this job. And it was a very special experience for him. It made him understand how hard it is to make money. Whenever he buys things with his own money, he (5)_ himself.21世纪教育网版权所有. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。1. 工人们正在竭尽全力降低事故率。The workers are doing all they can _ the accident rate.2. 左边第二个房间里堆满了书。The second room on the left is _ books.3. 你应该向那些参与挽救病人的医生道谢。You should say thanks to those doctors who have _ saving the patient.4. 多读书对你的学习有好处。Reading more _ your studies.5. 拉里将去开会，而不是我。Larry will go to the meeting _ me.6. 王老师的话对那个小男孩已经起作用了。Mr. Wangs words have _ to the little boy.7. 我的目的是把这件坏事变成好事。My purpose is to _ this bad thing _ a good one.8. 保持教室干净是我们的责任。Its our duty to _ the classroom _.9. 记得给你弟弟买一些书。_ some books for your brother.10. 我们小区的噪音污染很严重。. 根据汉语意思及括号内所给提示，将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 去年他们拆了那座老房子。 (pull . down)_2. 这些书必须在6月20日前归还。 (bring back)_3. 妈妈让我把脏面包扔掉。  (throw away)_4. 我看到那个盘子底朝上躺在地板上。  (upside down)_5. 他们决定好好利用这些旧报纸。 (put sth. to good use)_21. Your coat looks nice. Its made _ cotton. And it was made _ Shanghai.A. in; by B. from; by C. by; in D. of; in2. _ he _ I have been to Beijing. Really? When did you do there? A. Not only; but alsoB. Neither; nor C. Either; orD. Too; to 3. The old city walls are dangerous. So they will be _ soon. A. pulled downB. pulled outC. pulled overD. pulled off 4. The old man built himself a house _ wood. A. out ofB. in to C. to useD. in for 5. They decided to _ a small business to make some money. A. set upB. put upC. take upD. go up 6.Are you going to _ any of the events? Yes. Maybe long jump and high jump. A. take part inB. join C. attend D. join in 7.I cant afford _ him an expensive birthday present. A. to buyB. buying C. for buyingD. buy 8. Remember to _ the lights when you leave the room. OK. I will. A. turn onB. turn down C. turn upD. turn off 9. The girl always has some money to _ snacks. A. spendB. pay forC. takeD. cost 10. Look! _ boys are playing on the playground. Yes. _ them is about 200. A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of C. A number of; the number of D. A number of; A number of 11. He _ go out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone. A. used to; is used toB. is used to; used toC. use to; is used toD. is used to; is used to12. The interesting book _ me 10 yuan. A. spentB. tookC. paid D. cost 13. We must do something useful to _ pollution. A. cut offB. cut upC. cut down D. cut in 14. Smoking can _ lung cancer. Youd better give it up. A. work onB. lead to C. take away D. put out 15. What are the _ of bike riding? It can help cut down air pollution. A. advantages B. reasons C. resultsD. ideas II. 将下面的句子改为同义句。1. Both Tom and I were in the school library yesterday. _ _ Tom _ _ I was in the school library yesterday. 2. Reading in bed does harm to your eyes. Reading in bed _ _ _ your eyes. 3. The old car caused me lots of trouble. The old car caused _ _ trouble _ me. 4. He spent ten yuan on the book. He _ ten yuan _ the book. 5. My hair needs cutting. My hair needs _ _ _. III.完形填空Mr.Wang teaches English in a middle school.He likes his work very much.He wanted 1a teacher even when he was a young boy. There are six classes in a school day at Mr.Wangs middle school.Mr.Wang teaches five of these six classes.2his “free” hour from 2 to 3 in the afternoon,Mr.Wang 3meet with parents,check students homework and 4many other things.So Mr.Wang works hard from the moment he gets to school early in the morning until he leaves for home late in the afternoon,and his “free” hour is not free at all. In his English lesson,Mr.Wang sometimes teaches poems.He likes poems very much,and he likes Li Bais poems 5of all. In his fifth class today,Mr.Wang taught a poem.He wrote the poem on the blackboard and read it.As soon as he finished 6 the poem,the students began to ask questions.He answered all the questions.Then he asked his students to talk about the7.No one wanted to stop when the bell rang. 8home,Mr.Wang thought about the fifth class.He was happy about what he did as a teacher.Every one of his students 9 the poem.When they started to talk,they forgot about the time.He did not have to make them 10.He only had to answer their questions and help them understand the poem. 1.A.havingB.being C.to beD.to have2.A.InB.At C.ToD.By3.A.has toB.begins toC.is able toD.pays attention to4.A.take afterB.care forC.take care ofD.be careful of5.A.betterB.worseC.worstD.best6.A.readingB.singingC.stayingD.doing7.A.examB.poem C.teacherD.class8.A.By the wayB.To his wayC.On his wayD.In the way9.A.likedB.askedC.hadD.wanted10.A.guessB.expectC.learnD.ask_I.单项选择1. the afternoon of April 30th,many foreign visitors arrived Shanghai. (2014-2015江苏溧阳单元测试）A.In;atB.On;inC.On;toD.On,for2.His death was by a high fever. (2014-2015江苏溧阳单元测试）A.spreadB.causedC.gotD.showed3.His mother a worker in that factory. (2014-2015江苏溧阳单元测试）A.used to beB.usedC.used to beingD.used be4.I dont know this kind of wine is made wheat. (2014-2015江苏溧阳单元测试）A.ofB.fromC.inD.by5.Hes never stolen anything before, he? (2014-2015江苏溧阳单元测试）.Its his second time to be taken to the police station. A.hasnt;YesB.has;YesC.has;NoD.is;No6.The government has laws to protect the endangered animals. A.putB.makeC.passedD.carry out7.H