高二英语-知识讲解Unit 3 Under the sea 语言点.doc

Unit 3 Under the sea 语言点编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞 学习目标重点词汇annual witness accommodation opposite yell pause dragdepth urge abandon target reflect scare awesome重点短语in the meantime be aware of ahead of . to death help （.）out upside down重点句型It takes sb. some time/ . to do sth.的变化a time when.知识讲解重点词汇annual 【原句回放】It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 那个时期，虎鲸（当时被称为“杀手”）帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。【点拨】annual adj. 1. 每年的，一年一次的the annual output 年产量 an annual report 年度报告Steel output reached an annual figure of one million tons. 钢的年产量达到100万吨。2. 按年度计算的the annual income 年收入 the annual rainfall【拓展】annually adv. 每年地，年度地witness 【原句回放】I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times. 当时我以为这只是一个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过多次。【点拨】witness vt.& vi. 亲眼看见，目睹，作证；n. 见证人；目击者（与of连用） We were witnessing the most important scientific development of the century.我们正目睹着本世纪最重要的科学发展。We witnessed great changes in the city. 我们见证了这个城市的巨大变化。The police found the witness of the murder case. 警察找到了那起谋杀案的证人。There was no witness at the scene of the accident. 在事故现场没有目击证人。【拓展】常见搭配：witness to (doing.)为作证bear / give witness to 为.作证in witness of 作为.的证据a living witness to 活生生的证人witness stand 证人席(美)witness box (英)He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. 他作证说他看到了那个人进入大楼。The success of the show bears witness to our good planning. 演出的成功证明了我们计划的周全。accommodation 【原句回放】On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. 有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。【点拨】accommodation n. 房间，住所；膳宿（常用复数）常用搭配：make accommodation for the 为提供膳宿 book accommodation at a hotel 在旅馆预订房间The high cost of accommodation makes life difficult for students in London.住宿费用昂贵使伦敦的学生生活困难。This hotel has accommodations for 600 guests. 这家旅馆可以为600人提供住处。【拓展】accommodate v. 提供住宿；容纳；适应，调节He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad. 他出国时，将把房子给我住。One flat can accommodate a family of five. 一套房间可以住一个五口之家。Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances. 无论他去哪里，他都很容易适应环境。【补充】sort out分类，整理，解决Ive just sorted out the old magazines that can be thrown away. 我刚刚整理了可以扔掉的杂志。I have got everything sorted out and I am ready to leave. 我把一切问题都处理好了，我要走了。opposite 【原句回放】We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。【点拨】opposite1. prep. 与相对，在对面I sat opposite him during the meal. 吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。2. n. 相反的人或物，对立面I thought she would be small and pretty but shes the complete opposite.我原以为她娇小漂亮，但是她恰恰相反。3. adj. 相反的；对面的；完全不同的The opposite approach is to use a bilingual dictionary.另一种截然不同的方法就是使用一部双语词典。4. adv. 在对面The woman sitting opposite is a detective. 坐在对面的那个女的是个侦探。yell 【原句回放】Another whaler yelled out, “Rush-oo. rush-oo.” 另一个捕鲸人大声喊叫，“快走啊.走啊。”【点拨】yell v. 大叫，呼喊 n. 叫声，喊声常用搭配：yell at 冲大喊 yell out 大声喊叫let out/give a yell大喊一声She yelled at the child to get down from the wall. 她喊着让小孩从墙上下来。Frank let out a yell and jumped away. 弗兰克大叫一声跳开了。He gave a yell of delight as the election results came out. 选举结果出来后，他高兴得大喊了一声。【拓展】有关“喊”的词汇1. yell多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫，也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉的声音。The lost man yelled, hoping someone in the woods would hear him.迷路的人大声喊叫着，希望林子里的人会听见。2. call 指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人的注意。He called to me from the other side of the street. 他从街对面喊我。3. cry 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫，也可指放声大哭。She cried with grief when she heard news of her friends death.听到朋友死亡的消息，她难过地哭了。4. shout 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。I had to shout to make myself heard. 我得大声嚷， 否则根本听不见我的声音5. roar 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。In less than a minute, the motorboat roared past them only a few feet away.不到一分钟的功夫，汽艇在离他们仅几英尺的地方咆哮而过。6. scream 指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声。The baby woke up screaming. 那婴儿醒来时尖声哭叫。pause 【原句回放】Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. 一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。【点拨】pause vi. 暂停，中止n. 停顿，停顿的时间常用搭配：without pause 不停 give sb. pause 使某人认真考虑The woman spoke almost without pausing for breath.那个女人说话像放连珠炮似的。They worked for three hours without pause. 他们连续工作了三个小时。After a long pause, she went on with the story. 她停了好一会儿，继续讲故事。drag【原句回放】Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. 过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中。【点拨】drag v. & n. 拖, 缓慢而费力地移动常用搭配：drag sth. in 硬扯进 drag sb. down 把人拖垮 drag ones feet 拖着脚步走 She always drags behind. 她总是在后面吃力地跟着。 We dragged the fallen tree from the road. 我们把倒下的树从路上拖走。They dragged the secret out of me. 他们从我口里逼出秘密。 He considered his friend a drag on his business. 他认为他的朋友是他成功的绊脚石。【拓展】pull, draw与drag1. pull拉，是普通用语，仅指用力，但不强调力的大小，与push相对。Pull the door open. Dont push it. 把门拉开，别推。2. draw比pull正式，常用于比喻中，表示“吸引(注意力等)”；draw表示“拉”时，所用的力气没有drag用的力气大。He drew the curtains. 他拉上了窗帘。3. drag指拖笨重的、阻力很大的东西。The little boy is dragging a heavy bag of rice. 这小男孩正在费力地拖一大袋米。depth 【原句回放】Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. 过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中。【点拨】depth n. 深（度），向下的距离；向里的距离；深处 注意：表示“最深处、最末端部分”经常用复数形式。常用搭配：to/at a depth of 到/在.的深处（a metre/foot etc）in depth = (a metre/ foot) deep （一米/英尺等）深in depth 深入，全面，详细 be out of ones depth 非某人所能理解，为某人力所不及 in the depth(s) of 在.深处；在极端.中The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.油井向下延伸了数百英尺。Though fancy, his idea lacks depth. 虽有奇思妙想，但他的想法缺乏深度。I felt completely out of my depth at the meeting. 在会上我感觉什么都不懂。【拓展1】deep adj. 深的；adv. 深地，长久（时间）地 deeply adv. 深远地，深切地（相当于very much） talk deep into the night 谈到深夜deeply in love 深爱deeply shocked 深受震动 【拓展2】-th后缀 表示“.度” long length 长度 wide width 宽度 broad breadth 宽度urge 【原句回放】“Man overboard！Turn the boat around!” urged George, shouting loudly. 乔治催促着大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调过去！”【点拨】urge vt. 催促；极力主张 常用搭配：urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事 urge that . 催促.；极力主张. It is urged that . 坚决要求.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. 我得到了莫伊拉的便条，催我与她联系。He urged that we (should) go at once. 他催促我们马上走。It is urged that necessary measure should be taken to prevent campus violence.人们坚决要求采取必要的措施来预防校园暴力。注意：当urge作“极力主张，强烈要求”讲时，所接的宾语从句或主语从句等常用虚拟语气： (should) 动词原形。【拓展】urge n. 强烈的欲望，冲动Suddenly she had an urge to be with her son. 突然她很想与她儿子在一起。abandon 【原句回放】 From Jamess face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. 从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。【点拨】abandon vt. 放弃，抛弃，遗弃；中止常用短语：abandon oneself to沉溺于 He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃妻子，带着所有的钱逃跑了。They abandoned the game because of rain. 因为下雨他们放弃了比赛。He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入了绝望。【拓展】 1. abandon n. 尽情，任意，放纵 with abandon 放肆地、恣意地 He signed cheques with careless abandon. 他无所顾忌地乱开支票。2. abandoned adj. 无约束的，无度的；放荡的 abandoned behaviors 恣意放荡的行为 3. abandonment n. 放弃，抛弃，废弃；中止target 【原句回放】First, not only target fish are caught in the net, but many other sea animals are found hanging there. 首先，不但目标鱼被网捉住，而且许多其他的海洋动物也被发现挂在那里。【点拨】target n. （攻击的）目标，指标，靶子常用搭配：aim at the target 瞄准目标 hit/miss the target 中/脱靶 be/ become a target for/of 成为.的目标He has set himself a target of saving ￥1000 per month.他给自己设定了每月存1000元的目标。The country is a target of criticism for its human rights record. 这个国家因为人权纪录成为批评的对象。 Higher degrees in English are a target for the students. 英语的高分是这些学生的目标。【拓展】target v. 把.作为（攻击）目标/（批评的）对象The advertisement was designed to target a mass audience. 这个广告是针对大众观众设计的。 reflect 【原句回放】Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day a day of pure magic! 我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情-这是神奇的一天！【点拨】reflect vi./vt. 反射；表达，反映；思考，沉思 常用搭配：reflect on/upon 思考，回忆Take some time to reflect on your future plans. 花点时间想想你的未来计划吧。Many newspapers reflect the opinions of the children. 许多报纸反映了孩子们的观点。A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it. 你看镜子里，镜子反射你的图像。【拓展】reflection n. 反射; 反映; 沉思 on reflection 经再三思考 reflective 反光的，反映的，反射的 reflector 反射物scare 【原句回放】I told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment. 我告诉自己他们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的心情。【点拨】scare vt. 恐吓，惊吓；使受惊 vi. 受惊吓常用短语：be scared of 害怕. be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事(be) scared to death 吓死 （极其害怕）scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/退scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事 注意：scare的过去分词相当于形容词，意为“感到惊慌/害怕的”，表示人的感觉。Dont let the noise scare you; its only the wind. 不要让那声音吓到你，只是风。Seeing a tiger walking towards them，the small animals were too scared to move. 当看到一只老虎向它们走来时,这些小动物吓得一动也不敢动。I was scared to death at the thought of making a speech. 我一想到发言就吓得要死。【拓展】1. scare n. 惊恐，恐慌What a scare you gave me, appearing suddenly in the dark. 你突然出现在黑暗里，看把我吓得。2. scary adj. 使人惊恐的，吓人的，可怕的a scary moment 令人惊恐的时刻 a scary movie 一部令人恐怖的电影awesome【原句回放】Witness these awesome creature in natural environment as they leap out of the water and as they feed in our waters. 当它们跳出水面并且在我们这片水域觅食的时候，让我们目睹这些天然环境下让人敬畏的生物。【点拨】awesome adj. 令人惊叹的，使人惊惧的；极好玩的The silence in the hall was awesome. 会场是一片沉寂，静得有些令人生畏。That was an awesome party. Everybody had fun.那是个疯狂的聚会,每个人都很尽兴。重点短语【高清课堂：Under the sea词语精讲-词组】in the meantime【原句回放】 “In the meantime, Old Tom, and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue, ” added Red, laughing. 雷德笑着补充说：“在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿的，鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食。【点拨】in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时 (=at the same time) 注意两个短语之间的介词搭配。The new secretary wont come until next week; in the meantime weve arranged for a temporary one. 新秘书下周才来，在此期间，我们已经安排了一个临时秘书。【拓展】 同义词：meanwhile adv. (与此) 同时；Eve was cutting the grass, and meanwhile Adam was planting roses. 夏娃在割草，同时，亚当在种玫瑰。be aware of 【原句回放】The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me.【点拨】be/ become aware of 意识到，注意到，明白注意：1. 相当于realize，有时有pay attention to之意；2. 因of是介词，所以后接名词、代词、动名词；3. aware 后可跟从句构成形容词的宾语。We should always be aware of what we are doing at any time我们任何时候都应该注意我们正做的事。 Are you aware that they dont get along well with each other? 你意识到他们相处不怎么好吗？ahead of【原句回放】“Come on, Clancy. To the boat,” George said as he ran ahead of me. “克兰西，快来，上船去。”乔治在我前面边跑边说。【点拨】ahead of 在.之前；提前，领先，比.先进He is walking ahead of me. 他走在我前面。Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training. 我们马上要面对的是10天的集训。（lay是lie的过去时） A still better tomorrow lies ahead of you. 一个更美好的明天展现在你们面前。She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班里遥遥领先于其他人。（注意表示程度的well）.to death【原句回放】I told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment. 我告诉自己他们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的心情。【点拨】to death .到死（有时是实情，有时是夸张的说法）The seedling was frozen to death. 这些幼苗被冻死了。The old woman was scared to death at the terrible news.听到这个消息时，老太太害怕得要死。（注意介词at表示原因）Every year millions of poor children in the world starve to death.每年世界上有成百万的穷孩子被饿死。He was tired to death after a days work. 工作了一天，他要累死了。The murderer was shot to death at a word. 那个谋杀犯立刻被击毙了。The burglar was sentenced to death. 那个入室抢劫者被判处死刑了。（sentence 判决，宣判）help（.）out 【原句回放】What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？老汤姆帮助捕鲸人摆脱了危难，有什么证据吗？【点拨】help(.) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难I still remember the days when they helped me out a lot. 我仍然记得他们帮我很多忙的日子。Jane helped him out of his financial difficulties. 简帮他解决了财务问题。【拓展】cant help (to) do 不能帮忙cant help doing 不禁做；禁不住做cant help but do不能不做；不得不做help oneself to (口) 请自己动手；请随便用be of help to sb. 对某人有帮助upside down【原句回放】. the yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth. 黄绿相间的鹦鹉鱼倒挂着，用它那像鸟嘴一样的硬嘴从珊瑚上吸吮微小的植物.【点拨】upside down 上下翻转（的），上下颠倒（的）；乱七八糟，混乱The plane was flying upside down at high speed. 飞机正高速上下翻转着飞行。Everything in the room was turned upside down. 室内的一切都被搞得乱七八糟。【拓展】inside out 里朝外 Youve got your sweater on inside out. 你把毛衣穿反了。重点句型It takes sb. some time/ . to do sth.的变化【原句回放】It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James. 我们花了半个小时才把船调过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。【点拨】It takes (sb.) some time/ . to do sth. 1. take 意为“花费、需要”，有时态的变化。2. take前也可用具体名词作主语。3. 除时间外，也可以用表示“精力、努力等”的名词。It took a few minutes for his eyes to adjust to the dark. 过了几分钟他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。It takes courage to admit you are wrong. 承认自己错了需要勇气。Organizing a successful party takes a lot of energy. 组织一个成功的聚会需要花许多的精力。The journey will take three hours. 旅程需要三个小时。a time when.【原句回放】It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 那个时期，虎鲸（当时被称为“杀手”）帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。【点拨】a time when.1. 此句中when引导的是定语从句，修饰a time，并代表time在从句中作时间状语。2. 根据句子情况，when也可以用in which/ during which等代替。3. time作“时期、时段”讲时可以是可数名词。They lived a hard time when there was no electricity. 他们经历了一段没有电的困难日子。It is a time when we communicate through mobile phones instead of letters.这是一个我们用手机而不是写信交流的时代了。There was a time when we had no flat of our own and we had to rent a room near the company.有一段时间我们没有自己的公寓，只好在公司附近租了个房间。