高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 4 Carnival 语言点.doc

Unit 4 Carnival 语言点编稿：王春霞 审稿： 陈玉莲学习目标重点词汇dress，mark，pretend，prefer，cover，elegant，extend，trade，wander，revive重点短语be good for, would rather, on end，take over, come off, date back to 重点句型which引导的非限制性定语从句祈使句 + and + 陈述句知识讲解重点词汇dress【原句回放】Having fun meant eating，drinking，and dressing up痛快地玩一场就意味着尽情地吃、喝、乔装打扮。【点拨】dress n. 连衣裙；女服；衣服；服装；外衣；礼服care much about dress 讲究衣着He was in special dress for the ceremony. 他穿了身特别的衣服来参加典礼。a summer dress 夏装，an evening dress 夜礼服，a full dress 大礼服vt. & vi. 给穿衣(宾语是人)；打扮He is dressed very well他穿得很漂亮。Dress yourself quickly你快点穿衣服。The man is dressed in blue那个男人身穿蓝色衣服。vt. 其他特殊意思：dress a ship with flags 用旗帜装饰轮船dress a shop window 布置商店的橱窗dress a wound 敷裹伤口dress ones hair 梳理头发dress down a horse 给马梳刷dress a salad 拌色拉【拓展1】dress up 穿着打扮；装饰。She likes to dress up for a party. 她喜欢把自己打扮起来去参加聚会。Have you ever dressed up in special clothes? 你曾经用特殊的衣服装扮过自己吗?【拓展2】dress，have on，put on，wear，in与withhave on，wear，in，with表示“穿、戴”的状态。dress可指穿衣服的动作，用作不及物动词时表示“穿好衣服”；用作及物动词时后接人，不接衣服，表示“给某人穿衣服”。My grandmother is too old to dress herself我奶奶年纪太大了以至于不能自己穿衣服。dress也可指穿着的状态，主动式一般表示重复或习惯；被动形式be dressed in指某人在某种场合穿什么样的衣服。He dresses well他穿得很好。have on意思是“穿着，戴着”，指穿的状态，后接衣服、帽子、鞋子等能穿戴的东西。但不用于被动语态。He has on a blue coat and grey trousers today他今天穿一件蓝色上衣和一条灰色裤子。put on意思是“穿，戴”，指穿的动作，后接穿戴的东西，反义词为take off。He put on his glasses to read the letter他戴上眼镜看起信来。wear意思是“穿着，戴着”，指穿的状态，后接穿戴的东西。可用于进行时态。Many girls wear skirts in summer许多女孩在夏天穿裙子。in表示穿着，后接衣服，也可接颜色，除作定语外，可与be连用作谓语。The girl in red is a good student穿红衣服的女孩是个好学生。with只能作定语，而且只能与眼镜、手套之类的名词搭配使用，不能接衣服。The girl with glasses is our monitor那个戴眼镜的女孩是我们的班长。注意：dress只用于穿衣服；have on，put on，wear可用于穿衣服、袜子、鞋子，戴帽子、手套、眼镜等；wear可用于佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿，及头发、胡须的长短、式样等， wear a ring (watch)，wear spectacles。mark【原句回放】This is a festival of colour，which marks the beginning of spring in India这是一个充满了色彩的节日，标志着印度春天的开始。【点拨】mark v. 标志，表示的特征；mark 打分，作记号The Great October “Socialist Revolution” marks the beginning of a new era in human history伟大的十月社会主义革命标志着人类历史新纪元的开始。I still have fifteen essays to mark today我今天还有15篇文章要评分。The walls in the lane were marked with dirty words小巷的墙壁上涂写着脏话。pretend【原句回放】Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important，while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。【点拨】pretend vt. vi.佯装，假装(=make believe)He pretended not to know the facts他佯装不知实情。He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home他假装病了以便能待在家里。He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered老板进来时他假装在看一份重要的文件。Lets pretend were on the spaceship orbiting round the earth!让我们假装我们是在沿轨道绕地球运转的宇宙飞船上!(孩子在游戏中)假扮Lets pretend were cats让我们假扮成猫吧。伪称，佯称；假托He pretended that he was the real king他伪称自己是真正的国王。Many people pretend that they understand modern art很多人都佯称他们懂得现代艺术。prefer【原句回放】I prefer it to more spicy food because its simple. 我更喜欢它而不喜欢辛辣的食物，因为它简单。【点拨】prefer vt. 较喜欢；宁愿prefer A to B. 喜欢而不喜欢I prefer tea to coffee.我宁愿喝茶，也不喝咖啡。I prefer walking to cycling.我宁可步行，也不愿骑车。prefer to do 愿意做某事We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.我们也认为会有更多的人愿意乘飞机旅行。prefer sb. (not) to do 宁愿某人（不）做某事Id prefer them not to play too loudly at the beginning.我宁愿他们开始的时候不要演奏得太大声。prefer to do rather than do 宁愿而不愿She preferred to stay home rather than go with us.她宁愿呆在家里也不愿同我们一起去。He prefers to go to the town by bike rather than take a bus.他宁愿骑自行车去镇上而不愿乘汽车去。I prefer to work rather than sit there doing nothing.我宁愿干活不愿坐在那里无所事事。In the battle, the soldiers preferred to die rather than give in.在战斗中，战士们宁死也不愿向敌人投降。 prefer that （从句的谓语由“should + 动词原形”构成，should可省略）I prefer that you (should) not stay there too long.我希望你不要在那儿待得太久。prefer sth. rather than sth. = prefer sth. to sth. 要而不要I think I should prefer fish rather than meat.我想我还是要鱼，不要肉。【拓展】prefer在日常对话中听起来往往很正式；better和would rather这样的口头表达更为常用。（正式）I prefer football to tennis. =I like football better than tennis.（口语）（正式）Id prefer an apple. =Id rather have an apple. （口语）（正式）Id prefer to walk. =Id rather walk. （口语）cover【原句回放】In Venice people covered their faces with masks. 在威尼斯，人们用面具盖住脸。【点拨】cover v. 覆盖，盖住If a pan of oil catches fire, you should first turn the gas off and cover the pan. 假如一锅油着了火，你首先应该关掉煤气，把锅盖上。占地：The reserve covers an area of some 1,140 square kilometers.保护区占地面积大约1140平方公里。走过：They covered 20 kilometres.他们走了20千米。报道：Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者就被指派去采访这些事件。包含：Write a summary of the story about Dr. Baker. It must cover the following points写一篇关于贝克博士的故事摘要，必须包含以下要点elegant【原句回放】As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks elegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like. 当你走在街上，你能看到成千上万的面具，高雅的、可怕的、忧伤的、有趣的、传统的、时尚的，但你并不知道面具后面的那张面孔长什么样。【点拨】elegant adj. （人或物）典雅的，雅致的，优美的Patricia looked beautiful and elegant as always.帕特里夏一如既往地美丽优雅。an elegant restaurant. 雅致的餐厅（文字、想法、计划等）简洁的，简练的，巧妙的The document impressed me with its elegant simplicity.那份文件的简洁明了给我留下了深刻印象。【拓展】elegance n. 优雅Princess Graces understated elegance 格雷丝王妃的含蓄美The furniture managed to combine practicality with elegance.那些家具将实用和典雅完美结合。elegantly adv. 优雅地an elegantly simple idea 简单而巧妙的想法a tall, elegantly dressed man with a mustache 衣着讲究、蓄着胡子的高个男子extend【原句回放】As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. 然而，随着时间的推移，狂欢节的日期长了，以至圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。【点拨】extend v. 延伸；伸展The caves extend for some 18 kilometres. 那些洞穴深约18公里。持续；延续The courses are based on a weekly two-hour class, extending over a period of 25 weeks.这些课程每周上一节课，每节两个小时，持续25周。扩及；波及；包括The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts.服务项目还包括包装和递送礼物。His influence extends beyond the TV viewing audience.他的影响扩展到电视观众之外。扩大；延长This year they have introduced three new products to extend their range.今年他们发布了3种新产品，以扩大产品范围。The building was extended in 1500.那座建筑于1500年扩建。（设备、家具等）展开，伸展The table extends to 220cm.桌子伸展后长220厘米。延长；使延期They have extended the deadline by twenty-four hours.他们已经将最后期限延长了24小时。伸展，伸出（手臂等）The man extended his hand, “Im Chuck”.那名男子伸出手说道：“我是查克。”【拓展】extended adj. 延长的，延期的.an extended exhaust pipe 加长的排气管.an extended contract 延期的合同trade【原句回放】For more than two hundred years, until the beginning of the 19th century, when the trade was finally stopped, millions of people were taken by force from their homes in Africa and transported to the New World to work as slaves. 200多年来，直到19世纪初奴隶贸易被最终废止，数百万人被强迫带离非洲家园，并且被运送到美洲做奴隶。【点拨】trade n. 贸易；买卖；交易The ministry had direct control over every aspect of foreign trade.该政府部门直接掌控着外贸的各个方面。.negotiations on a new international trade agreement.有关新国际贸易协定的谈判Texas has a long history of trade with Mexico.得克萨斯州与墨西哥的贸易往来历史悠久。I am willing to make a trade with you.我愿和你做个交易。It wouldnt exactly have been a fair trade.那就不会是完全公平的交换了。v. 做买卖；做生意；从事贸易They may refuse to trade, even when offered attractive prices.即便对方的报价很有吸引力，他们也有可能拒绝进行交易。They had years of experience of trading with the West.他们有多年与西方贸易往来的经验。He has been trading in antique furniture for 25 years.他从事古董家具买卖已有 25 年。n. （某一）生意，行业Theyve completely ruined the tourist trade for the next few years.他们把今后几年的旅游业完全给毁了。. the arms trade 军火贸易n. 职业；手艺；行当He learnt his trade as a diver in the North Sea.他在北海学会了潜水员这一行的本事。Allyn was a jeweller by trade.阿林是珠宝匠。She is a patron of small businesses and trades.她是几个小企业和小手工艺者的资助人。v. 用进行交换；互相交换They traded land for goods and money.他们用土地换取了货物与金钱。He still claims the arms werent traded for hostages.他仍然声称军火没有被用来交换人质。Kids used to trade baseball cards.以前孩子们常常互相交换棒球卡片。【拓展】表示“交换”时，英国英语用exchangewander【原句回放】As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks elegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like. 当你走在街上，你能看到成千上万的面具，高雅的、可怕的、忧伤的、有趣的、传统的、时尚的，但你并不知道面具后面的那张面孔长什么样。【点拨】wander v. 漫步，闲逛，走神，开小差He wandered in the street.他在街上游逛。My attention wandered.我走神了。【拓展】对比wonderv. 感到疑惑；纳闷儿；想弄明白I wondered what that noise was.我纳闷儿那是什么声音。v. （对）大为吃惊，惊叹We all wonder youre still alive.我们都很惊讶你居然还活着。n. 奇事；怪事Its a wonder that it took almost ten years.这差不多用了10年的时间，真是桩奇事。n. 惊叹；惊奇；惊异I was expressing some amazement and wonder at her good fortune.我对她的好运既惊奇又感叹。n. 奇迹；奇观；奇事.a lecture on the wonders of space and space exploration关于宇宙奇观和太空探险的讲座(It is) no wonder that 难怪 It is no wonder that he succeeded. 他成功了是不足为奇的。revive【原句回放】But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students. 但在20世纪70年代后期，狂欢节这个传统节日又被学生们恢复了。【点拨】revive v. （使）复活，（使）恢复；（使）振奋，复原 an attempt to revive the British economy 试图复兴英国经济的努力His trial revived memories of French suffering during the war.他的受审重新勾起了在战争中受苦受难的法国人民的回忆。There is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has revived.无疑，成绩提高了，上学的兴趣也恢复了。重新上演（戏剧、歌剧或芭蕾等）The Gaiety is reviving John B. Keans comedy “The Man from Clare”.盖伊提剧院正在重新上演约翰·B·基恩的喜剧来自克莱尔的人。（使）苏醒；（使）清醒She and a neighbour tried in vain to revive him.她和邻居想尽一切办法都没能让他苏醒过来。重点短语be good for【原句回放】The town council realised that carnival was good for business市政厅认识到狂欢节对商业有利。【点拨】be good for. 对有好处Sports are good for health运动对你有好处。Its good for you to take more exercise.多锻炼对你有好处。【拓展1】be good at. 擅长于Eskimos are good at hunting爱斯基摩人擅长狩猎。be good to. 对友好，和蔼可亲Its Christmas Eve. Be good to me现在是圣诞节前夜，请对我好点吧。do good to 对有好处Doing more exercise does good to your health.多锻炼对你的健康有益。for good 永远He left the city for good. 他永远离开了那个城市。would rather 【原句回放】Which of the festivals you have read or heard about in this module would you rather go to? 在这一模块中你读过或听说过哪些节日你想去参加？【点拨】would rather 宁愿would rather (not) do 宁愿（不）做would rather do sth. than sth. =would do sth. rather than 宁愿也不愿，与其倒不如would rather +从句(从句用虚拟语气)Tom would rather not tell him the truth. 汤姆宁愿没有告诉他真相。I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。I would rather play football than basketball.我宁愿踢足球也不愿打篮球。Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。on end【原句回放】For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks，doing what they wanted without being recognised连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上，为所欲为而不会被人认出来。【点拨】on end (时间上)连续地；竖着，直立的It has been raining for hours on end雨已经连续下了几个小时了。At the strange sound，his hair stood on end听到那个怪声音，他吓的汗毛直竖。【拓展1】end的其他一些意思和用法尽头：the end of the garden 花园尽头the end of the year 年底残片，残屑：cigarette ends 烟蒂目的：gain the end 达到目的The end justifies/sanctifies the means(谚)“只要目的正当，可以不择手段。”【拓展2】习惯用法：at a loose end 无所事事at an end 完成end to end 头尾相接go off the deep end 异常激动；发火keep ones end up (面对困难)坚持不懈make(both)ends meet 收支相抵take over【原句回放】When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival当奴隶贸易在1838年被取消时，先前的奴隶接收了狂欢节。【点拨】take over 接任，接管，接收When Mr Green retired, his son took over the business from him格林先生退休后，他儿子从他那里接管了生意。The new dean took over yesterday新主任昨天上任了。【拓展】take off 拿去，去掉，取消；脱(衣、帽等)，夺去(生命等)；休假；成名take after (长相或举止)像take apart 拆开；拆散take back 承认说错了话，使回忆起昔日take down 把拆成零部件take in 接待某人留宿；欺骗take on 雇用；开始呈现take to 喜欢上；染上习惯等take up 从事于；占据(时间、空间)take away(from) 拿去，减去take it for granted 认为是想当然take the place of 代替take ones place 代替某人take place 发生take sb. out 带某人外出（吃饭、看电影）take sth. out 去除，除掉come off【原句回放】If the masks comes off, the magic is lost. 如果面具摘掉了，其魔力也就消失了。【点拨】come off （非正）成功；举行；表现；能被去掉（或除去）成功；达到效果It was a good try, but it didnt quite come off.这是一次不错的尝试，但效果欠佳。Slovo said it was a great occasion which he hoped would come off in an orderly and peaceful way.斯洛沃说这是一次重大的活动，他希望活动能够井然有序，不出乱子。（在比赛或冲突中）表现得Some Democrats still have bitter memories of how, against all odds, they came off worst during the inquiry.一些民主党人士至今仍然记得当时困难重重、在调查中惨败的痛苦经历。In these circumstances, it is the managers who come off best.在这种情况下，几个经理表现得最好。戒除（毒品）；停止（服药）people trying to come off tranquillizers 尝试停用止痛药的人【拓展】Come off it! 别撒谎了！别瞎说！date back to【原句回放】Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century. 他们（面具）的使用受到法律限制，最早可以追溯到14世纪。【点拨】date back to 追溯到Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century.牛津和剑桥的历史要追溯到13世纪。These plant fossils date back to the age of the dinosaurs. 这些植物的化石要追溯到恐龙时代。【拓展】同义短语：date from 始于A friendship between us dated from twenty years ago. 我们两个的友谊始于20年前。重点句型which引导的非限制性定语从句【原句回放】This is a festival of colour，which marks the beginning of spring in India这是一个充满了色彩的节日，标志着印度春天的开始。【点拨】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词festival。除此之外，which引导非限制性定语从句，还可指代整个句子内容。All the books, which have pictures, have been sent to them.所有带插图的书都已经给他们寄去了。They have finished their task in time, which surprised their cruel boss.他们及时完成了他们的任务，这让他们苛刻的老板吃惊。祈使句 + and + 陈述句【原句回放】Think of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion. 想起狂欢节，你就会想到拥挤的人群，各式的服饰以及混乱的场面。【点拨】祈使句 + and + 陈述句，此句型中祈使句表示条件，有时候祈使句由一个名词短语充当，后面的陈述句常常用一般将来时。Hurry up, or youll be late.赶快，要不然你就迟到了。More efforts, and youll succeed.再努力些，你就会成功的。