高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 1 Basketball 语言点.doc

Unit 1 Basketball 语言点编稿：王春霞 审稿：陈玉莲学习目标重点词汇turn, tie, deserve, surprise, adequate, accelerate, record, anyhow, absorb, success, design 重点短语rescue from, grow up, at one point, have sth. done重点句型现在分词作状语There is no doubt thatwith的复合结构知识讲解重点词汇turn【原句回放】Several universities have top-class amateur basketball teams and talented players often turn professional as soon as they finish their studies. 很多大学里面都有业余篮球队，一些优秀的队员在毕业后常会成为专业球员。【点拨】turn v. （用于形容词前）变为，变得；（天气）变得；使变成某种颜色；vt. 转动；达到（年龄）；到（点钟）；n. 轮流turn + n. become + a/an + n. 变成，成为He turned teacher as his father expected him to be. = He became a teacher as his father expected him to be. 他如他父亲期盼的那样成为了教师。It was his ambition to accumulate a million dollars before he turned thirty.他立志要在而立之年以前攒够100万美元。It had just turned twelve oclock.刚过 12 点。The sea would turn pale pink and the sky blood red.大海会变成浅粉色，天空则变成血红色。He turned abruptly and walked away.他突然转身走了。I felt a tapping on my shoulder and I turned around.我感到有人拍了一下我的肩膀，于是转过身去。I turned my jacket inside out.我把夹克衫翻了个面。温馨提示：turn, become, grow的区别： turn：强调变化的结果become：强调状态的变化grow：强调变化的过程【拓展】turn构成的常用短语：turn to 求助于turn into (be turned into) 变为in turn 继而，反而，转过来；逐一，依次，轮流地take turns to do 轮流做某事take a turn for a worse/ better 情况突然恶化或好转Its your turn to do . 该你做某事了。Tonight its my turn to cook.今晚该我做饭了。Let each child have a turn at fishing.让每个孩子轮流钓鱼。Students are expected to take their turn leading the study group.学生们要依次轮流当学习小组的组长。There was no one to turn to, no one to tell.没人可以求助，没人可以诉说。A prince turns into a frog in this cartoon fairytale.在这个卡通童话里王子变成了一只青蛙。One of the members of the surgical team leaked the story to a fellow physician who, in turn, confided in a reporter.手术小组的一名成员把这个消息泄露给了在一起工作的一个内科医生，后者又透露给了一位记者。There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.当这些女人们逐一发言时，她们每个人都赢得了喝彩声。We took turns to drive the car.我们轮流开车。Her condition took a sharp turn for the worse.她的病情突然急剧恶化。tie【原句回放】They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a game on a tie. 他们可以讲述很多关于迈克尔·乔丹的传奇故事，例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队，从而打成平局等等。【点拨】tie v. 系，扣，捆，将打结；使关系密切；束缚；n. 领带，领结；联系，关系；得分相同；淘汰赛He tied the dog to one of the trees near the canal.他把狗拴在了沟旁的一棵树上。He tied her hands behind her back.他把她的双手绑在背后。The prisoners hands were securely tied. 那犯人的双手给牢牢捆住了。She tied her scarf over her head.她把头巾围在头上。She tied a knot in her scarf.她把围巾打了个结。He pulled on his heavy suede shoes and tied the laces.他穿上厚厚的软皮鞋，系上鞋带。My social life and business life are closely tied.我的社交生活和工作联系紧密。Jason took off his jacket and loosened his tie.贾森已经脱下夹克，松开了领带。Ronan Rafferty tied with Frank Nobilo.罗南·拉弗蒂和弗兰克·诺比洛打成了平局。Quebec has always had particularly close ties to France.魁北克和法国一向关系特别紧密。The first game ended in a tie.第一局比赛双方战平。Theyll meet the winners of the first round tie.他们将迎战第一轮淘汰赛中的胜者。deserve【原句回放】But there is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”. 但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。 【点拨】deserve vt. 应得，值得常用搭配：deserven. 值得；应得deserveto do 值得做；应该做deservedoing/to be done 值得被做deserve a rest / break / holiday 应该休息deserve consideration / attention 值得考虑/关注Youre very able. You deserve a better job. 你很有能力，你应该找到更好的工作才是！He deserves a place in the team. 他该在组里有一席之地。He deserved to be punished.He deserved punishing. 他应受处罚。【拓展】后接动词-ing形式需用主动形式表被动意义的动词还有：need, require, want, be worth。surprise【原句回放】Jordan surprised everyone when he retired before the 19931994 season, but he rejoined the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships with them from 1996 to 1998. 19931994赛季前乔丹退役，引起举世震惊，但他后来又回到芝加哥公牛队，并和队友们一起在1996到1998年间又获得了三次冠军。【点拨】surprise vt. 使惊奇；使感到意外；n. 使人惊异的事物；adj. 吃惊的常用搭配： to ones surprise 让人感到吃惊/令人感到惊讶的是in surprise = surprisingly 吃惊地be surprised that/ to do / at sth. 因而吃惊 Im surprised that he didnt come. 我很奇怪他竟没有来。To my surprise, he came out first. 使我感到大为惊讶的是，他得了第一名。She looked up in surprise when I called her and I couldnt help laughing after seeing that she looked so surprised. 当我叫她时，她吃惊地抬起头来；看到她那么吃惊，我忍不住笑起来。Well solve the case ourselves and surprise everyone.我们要自己解决这件事，然后让所有人感到吃惊。Surprise a new neighbor with one of your favorite home-made dishes.做一道拿手的家常小菜，给你的新邻居一个惊喜。I have a surprise for you. 我告诉你一件你想不到的事。Baxter arrived here this afternoon, on a surprise visit.巴克瑟特今天下午突然来此拜访。adequate【原句回放】What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums. 这意味着确保通过不同的媒介向学生传达足够量的英语输入信息。【点拨】adequate adj. 足够的，充分的；胜任的常用搭配： be adequate for/ to 对来说是适当的/足够的be adequate to do sth. 对做某事来说是足够的I hope you can prove adequate to the job.希望你能证明自己能胜任这项工作。Are the parking facilities adequate for fifty cars?停车设施能停放得下50辆汽车吗？Is your salary adequate to support yourself? 你的工资够养活你自己吗？【拓展】inadequate adj. 不够的，不充足的；不胜任的accelerate【原句回放】 such as when they accelerate across the court 比如当他们在赛场上加速跑的时候【点拨】accelerate vt. & vi. 加速，促进；催促The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.司机踩了油门，汽车加速了。Those economic policies have accelerated the decline of manufacturing industry.那些经济政策加速了制造业的衰退。Experts say that just 15 minutes of extra-curricular study a day can really accelerate foreign language learning. 专家认为每天课后多学15分钟可以加快外语的学习速度。【拓展】acceleration n. 加速，加速度accelerator n. 加速者, 加速器This bus has good acceleration. 这辆公交车有良好的加速能力。record【原句回放】By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records: he scored 50 or more points 118 times and 60 or more points 32 times. 一直到退役，威尔特还保持多项NBA记录：118次单场比赛得分50分或50分以上，32次得60分或60分以上。【点拨】record v. 给录音；记录/记载下来；记下来；n. 记录；档案；经历；唱片常用搭配：beat / break / cut the record 打破前例，打破记录 call to / take to record 被记录下来 hold a record 保持记录 establish / set (up) a new record 创记录 on record 有记录在案，记录上有登记 have a good record 履历好；信誉好Listen to the speaker carefully and record what he says. 仔细倾听讲话人并记录他所说的。He set up a new world record in September. 他在九月份创下了新的世界记录。It is on record that the summer was the wettest for 50 years. 这是50年来最潮湿的一个夏天。anyhow【原句回放】Anyhow, twelve minutes into the second half 下半场比赛进入到12分钟时【点拨】anyhow anyway adv. 总之，无论如何，不管怎样（多用于口语，位于句首、句末均可。）He told me not to buy it，but I bought it anyhow他叫我不要买，不过我还是买了。Anyhow I must finish the work today无论如何，我今天必须完成这项任务。The door wont open anyhow这扇门怎么也打不开。I am going anyway / anyhow，no matter what you say不论你说什么，我无论如何都得走了。【辨析】somehow, someway, some wayssomehow副词，也写作someway或some ways，表示“以某种方式或方法，不知为什么不知怎么地”。Somehow or other，I must find a new job我必须想方设法找份新工作。Somehow，I dont feel I can trust him不知为什么，我觉得我不能信任他。absorb【原句回放】which are specially designed to absorb energy （他们）被专门设计为吸收能量【点拨】absorb v. 吸收；接受(信息、思想、经验)；吸引(某人的)注意力，使全神贯注常用搭配：absorb from 从中吸收absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力(sb.) be absorbed in sth.be lost inbe buffed input ones heart in 全神贯注于，专心于Plants absorb nutrients from soil植物从土壤中吸收养分。The video was totally absorbing the childrens attention录像完全吸引了孩子们的注意力。I was so absorbed in this book that I didnt hear you我被这本书深深吸引竟没听到你说了什么。Tom lay on the sofa, absorbed in his book汤姆躺在沙发上，专心致志地看书。【拓展】be absorbed in (doing) sth结构在题目中常以过去分词absorbed in(在句中作定语、状语等)的形式考查，类似的还有：be lost in 陷入be caught in 被困在be buried in 埋头于be devoted to 专心于，致力于be occupied in 忙于be involved in 专注于be engaged in 忙于success【原句回放】The giant player joined the NBAs Philadelphia Warriors in the 19591960 season and was an immediate success. 19591960赛季间这位篮球巨人加盟NBA费城勇士队并立即获得成功。【点拨】success n. 可数名词，抽象名词具体化了，表示“成功的人或事”；不可数名词，表示“成功”。He is a success他是一个成功者。Our meeting last week was a success我们上周的会议开得很成功。He is a famous success in his neighborhood.他在他们社区是个成功人士。Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。温馨提示：1. 英语中不可数名词danger，difficulty，disappointment，failure，help，wonder等在表示一种人或物时，前面应加不定冠词。He is a danger他是一个危险的人。2. 不可数名词education，history，knowledge，population，time，world等在表述部分或某一方面的内容、概念时，前面常加不定冠词。have a historyhave a knowledgehave a population of 有的历史/知识/人口【拓展】succeed vt. & vi. + (in ) doing/ sth. 继承；成功；successful adj. 成功的Summer succeeds spring. 春去夏来。 (vt. 继承)Not all the students succeed in examination. 并非所有学生考试及格。 Nothing succeeds like success.（谚语）一旦功成名就，则事事容易成功。design【原句回放】Test each other and share learning strategiesthis makes learning more enjoyable. 相互检测并共同分享学习策略这会使学习变得更有趣味。【点拨】design n图案，图样，设计，构思；vt. vi. 设计，构思，谋划常用搭配：be designed to do sth. (某物)被打算用来作design that 打算design sthfor sbsth为设计design sbto do sth打算让某人做某事(sth.) be designed for be intended for be planned for 打算作某种用途；为而设计(sth.) be designed to do sth. 打算作来用make designs for 为设计by design 故意地；有计划地These tennis shoes are designed for comfort and performance这些网球鞋设计得穿起来舒服，易于发挥成绩。These exercises are designed to develop and strengthen muscles这些练习是为了增强肌肉力量而设计的。The dictionary is designed for college students这本字典供大学生使用。The law was designed to protect children这条法律是为保护儿童而制定的。This book is designed as an introduction to literature这本书被用作文学入门读物。The experiment is designed to test the new drug实验的目的是试验新药。重点短语rescue from【原句回放】They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a game on a tie. 他们可以讲述很多关于迈克尔·乔丹的传奇故事，例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队，从而打成平局等等。【点拨】rescue from 把某人或某物从危险或有危害的情形下解救出来He rescued a child from drowning他救起了一名落水儿童。You rescued me from an embarrassing situation我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。【拓展】由from构成的其他固定表达：savefrom 避免，免得(出现困难或不愉快的事)protectfrom 保护不受，挡住stopfrom 阻止某人或某物，其中from可以省略preventfrom 阻止某人或某物，其中from可以省略keepfrom 阻止某人或某物，其中from不可省略grow up【原句回放】Jordan was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina. 乔丹出生在纽约，在美国北卡罗来纳州长大。【点拨】grow up 长大，成长；逐渐发展，形成 What will you do when you grow up?你长大以后做什么?Their children have all grown up and left home now他们的孩子都已长大成人，现在都离开了家。Trading settlements grew up along the river. 贸易区逐渐沿河的两岸发展起来了。温馨提示：grown-up adj. / n. 成年人（的）grown-ups n. 成年人短语grow up没有被动语态，但bring up（抚养）有被动语态。Its natural the grown-ups should take care of the children. 成年人（父母）照顾子女是很正常的。She has a grown-up daughter living abroad. 她有一个成年的女儿在国外生活。His grandmother and his father brought him up.是他的祖母和父亲把他养大的。He was brought up in North Yorkshire.他是在北约克郡长大的。【拓展】由grow构成的其他短语：grow in (beauty / strength / wisdom) 增加(美丽/力量/智慧) grow on sb. 使人越来越喜爱，某人渐渐有 grow in/ into 长成 grow together 长合，愈合 grow out 出芽，发芽grow out of 戒除；（因长大而）穿不上衣服；源出，起因于 The picture grows on him. 他渐渐爱起那张画来。You must grow out of the bad habits of your boyhood days. 你必须戒除幼时的坏习惯。 at one point【原句回放】At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules of the game to try to stop him! 曾几何时，张伯伦比其他所有球员都优秀得多，以至于他们改变了比赛规则来试图限制他！【点拨】at one point 曾经，一度；在某处At one point I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed. 当时我以为她要拒绝，但最后她却同意了。At one point in the meeting she nearly lost her temper会议上她一度几乎要大发雷霆。My friend and I saw a film yesterday and at one point she was moved to tears昨天我跟朋友看电影了，其间她一度被感动得潸然泪下。The river is very wide, and at one point it is 20 meters wide这条河很宽，最宽处达20米。【拓展】由point构成的短语：at this point 此地；此时 to the point 中肯；恰当 to the point of sth. 达到某程度 get a point 抓住关键 on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事时 make a point of doing sth. 认为做某事重要或有必要beside the point 离题的，不相干的 come / get to the point 说正事have sth. done【原句回放】Each time he threw the ball straight through the basket and each time he had his eyes closed. 每次他都把球直接送进篮筐并且每次都是闭着眼睛投进。【点拨】have + sth.+ done 请别人干；把干了（不知谁做，只是强调事情被做）；遭受Youd better have your long hair cut.你最好把长发剪了。（请理发师剪）The old lady was angry when the washing-machine broke again after she had it repaired. 当刚修好的洗衣机又坏了时，那位老妇人很生气。（请技术工人修）The secretary had the report typed that night.那天晚上，秘书把报告打好了。（不知是谁打好的，只是强调报告打完了）She plans to have her clothes washed in her spare time.她打算在休息时把衣服洗了。During the game, Yao Ming had his leg broken. 比赛时，姚明伤着了大腿。重点句型现在分词作状语【原句回放】Wearing his famous number 23 shirt, Michael Jordan became the most successful basketball player in the history of the game. 身着著名的23号球衣，迈克尔·乔丹成为篮球运动史上最成功的球员。【点拨】现在分词wearing his famous number 23 shirt作状语，其逻辑主语为Michael Jordan。 Lying in bed, she needed to be waited on in everything. 她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。Staring at the sky, the little boy seems to have nothing to do. 那个孩子看着天空发呆，好像很无聊。注意：完成式having done He told me he would stand by me showing how to drive. （动作“站”和“演示”同时进行）Having done the days work, they went home. 做完一天的工作，他们回家了。(“做工作”在主句谓语“回家” 前已经完成)Having met with (= Because he had met with) an accident, he was not able to go to school. 因为偶遇了一场事故，他不能上学了。 温馨提示：为了强调，有时分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起做状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。 Unless working hard, you wont finish the task on time. 除非你努力，否则你不会按时完成任务的。There is no doubt that.【原句回放】But there is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”. 但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。 【点拨】There is no/ little doubt that. 毫无疑问注意：that引导的是同位语从句。doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.毫无疑问，收音机和电视是信息交流的重要方式。There is no doubt that we have some problems finishing so much homework in one day; thus we will have a hard time studying today.毫无疑问，我们在一天内完成如此多的作业有些问题，因此今天会学习得比较辛苦。温馨提示：doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，不用if。He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.他不能肯定他们是否会再给他一次机会试一试。【拓展】易混句型：There is some doubt about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事有点怀疑There is no need / possibility to do sth. 没有必要/可能做某事There is no +名词+ (in) +doing. 是没有的（名词主要有：use, good, sense, point等）There is no need to worry about the result of a test before you take it.没有必要还没有考试就开始担心结果。Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own language. 如果你已经看了母语新闻，那么，再读英语新闻就没意义了。There is no point in arguing with him further.继续和他争下去是没有意义的。There is no point in taking unnecessary risks.做不必要的冒险没有意义。There is no use (in) trying to explain it.解释是没有用的。There is no good (in) making friends with him.和他交朋友是没有好处的。There is no sense worrying about the past.为过去的事情担心是没有意义的。with的复合结构【原句回放】He attended the University of North Carolina for a year before leaving to join the Chicago Bulls. He finished his first season (19841985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of 28.2 points per game. 在加入芝加哥公牛队前，他在北卡罗莱纳大学学习了一年，在第一个赛季（19841985），他就以平均每场28.2的成绩成为联盟得分最高的球员之一。【点拨】with的复合结构：1. 构成：with +宾语+宾语补足语