2022初中教案北师大版初三英语第4讲：unit 2 语法篇(原卷版).docx

Unit 2语法篇_理解并掌握被动语态的结构及用法被动语态1. 被动语态的构成： be + p.p. (past participle动词的过去分词)2. 不同时态的被动语态的构成 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + p.p. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + p.p. 一般将来时的被动语态：will be + done/ be going to + p.p. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being + p.p. 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were + being + p.p. 现在完成时的被动语态：have/has + been + p.p. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+ been + p.p. 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词(can, may, must)+ be + p.p.eg: The room is filled with smoke. The bridge wasnt built until 1914. Everything will be done to put out the fire. The room is being cleaned at the moment. He told me that the road was being repaired. All of the food has been eaten up. My homework had been done before I went home.3. 使役动词、感官动词的被动语态 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do )We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do )注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar.记住下列变化：see sb dobe seen to dohear sb do.be heard to dolisten to sb dobe listened to domake sb dobe made to do 4. 有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。eg: The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销。The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。对比：The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)5. 被动语态的解题思路 (1) 判断主语与谓语动词的主被动关系 (2) 根据时间状语判断时态 (3) 根据不同时态被动语态的构成解出正确答案1. -The famous tower _ more than 300 years ago. A. build B. builds C. built D. was built 2. This classroom _ for English Corner. A. uses B. is using C. can be used D. shall use 3. -Will teachers _ by computers in the future, Tony? -Maybe yes, maybe no. But Im sure we will learn something from both of them. A. have replaced B. are replacing C. are replaced D. be replaced4. My sister _ to the party yesterday. She had a good time with her friends. A. invites B. invited C. was invited D. is invited5. -Food safety is very important. -So some rules _ to stop people from polluting food. A. must make B. must be made C. must made D. be made6. People who dont work should be made_. A. work B. worked C. to work D. working7. A party _ in our school next month. Im looking forward to it. A. held B. holds C. is held D. will be held8. So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited9. The flowers _ often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water10. Mary_ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. asks to C. is asked D. was asked to 基础演练用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Which language _ the most widely _(speak) in the world?2. The old man is ill. He _(must send) to the hospital.3. They _ (make) of metal and wood.4. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?5. Some flowers _(water) by Li Ming already.6. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well.7. Last year a large number of trees _(cut) down.8. The stars cant _(see) in the daytime.9. The lost boy _(not find) so far.10. Its said that (据说) that the long bridge _(build) in two months.巩固提高一、根据中文提示完成句子（每空一词）1. 这种产品的价格取决于它的质量。 The price of this kind of product _ _ its quality.2. 你怎么看待汤姆索亚历险记（这本书）？ What do you_ _The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?3. 读书有助于帮助我们了解人性。 Reading can_ us _ about human nature.4. 为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在我们学校种很多树。 Next month many trees_ _ _in our school to make it more beautiful.5. Alice在北京已经两年了，她习惯了这里的生活。 Alice has been in Beijing for two years. She _ _ _ _ _ _ here.二、句型转换1. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) _2. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) _3. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) _4. Did they build a bridge here a year ago?(改为被动语态) _5. The light green dresses have been sold out by Tom.(改为主动语态) _一、单项选择1. Tom is a book lover. _ likes reading very much.A. She B. He C. You D. They2. The work _ soon. A. will be finishedB. has been finished C. will finish D. finishes3. His famous work _ in 1990. A. published B. is published C. was published D. has been published4. The Great Wall_ all over the world. A. was known B. is known C. was knew D. knows5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6. Now, people have more free time. Square Dancing is becoming more and more _. A. comfortable B. difficult C. different D. popular7. A person who is _ does not tell lies or cheat people. A. careless B. stupid C. honest D. humorous8. -Hows he now? -I hear the company _ him a very good job, but he turned it down. A. donated B. offered C. served D. introduced9. -Excuse me, do you know _? -Sure. There is a bookstore down the street. A. where can I get some postcards B. where I can get some postcards C. when I can get some postcards D. when can I get some postcards10. The old bridge in my hometown _next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. is going to rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild二、完形填空Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favorite TV talk show on his first day off in months. “This will be like a walk in the park,” hed told his wife. “Ill look after 1 , and you can go to visit your mom.” Things started well, but just after eight oclock, his three little “good kids” Mike, Randy, and Alexcame down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “Breakfast, daddy.” When 2 had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alexs head as if it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat (节拍). Mike chanted “Wheres my hot dog, wheres my hot dog.” in the background. Brad 3 his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds. Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randys trousers on his head. Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex 4 again because he was going to wet his short pants (短裤). Nobody could find 5 socks, although they were before their eyes. Someone named “Not Me” had spilled (洒，泼出) a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already 6 . By ten oclock, things were out of 7 . Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his 8 by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room, but closer examination 9 that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realized that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible. At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre (日托所). “I suddenly have to go into work and my wifes away. Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes?” The answer was 10 “yes” because Brad was smiling. 1. A. the kidsB. your work C. the houseD. myself2. A. clothesB. foodC. dadD. mum3. A. thoughtB. decidedC. plannedD. realized4. A. criedB. shoutedC. explainedD. argued5. A. cleanB. dirtyC. newD. old6. A. startedB. finishedC. goneD. appeared7. A. sightB. plan C. imagination D. control8. A. ideaB. differenceC. talentD. hobby9. A. showedB. predictedC. expressedD. provided10. A. nearlyB. probablyC. obviously D. finally_一、单项选择1. - Excuse me, sir. _ is it from here to No.6 Middle School? - Its about 10 minutes walk. A. How soon B. How far C. How much D. How often2. The roads in my hometown are _ than before.A. wide B. widerC. widest D. the widest3. Sorry, sir. I _ follow you. Would you please speak slower? A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldntD. neednt4. The next Olympic Games _ in Brazil in 2016.A. will hold B. will be held C. holdD. are held 5. There is _ with your child. Dont worry. A. anything B. somethingC. everything D. nothing (附：单选1-5, 东城区20142015学年第一学期期末统一测试)二、阅读理解AReading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability. There are four parts in the book:Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to wad information in writing to somebody else. There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages.Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记). There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.Part 3 is Places: In this part, too many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcard. There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint.Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer.You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text. I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it.1. We can find the introduction to a product in _.A. Part 1                 B. Part 2    C. Part 3                 D. Part 4 2. Which of the following is most probably written in informal English? A. A letter of complaint.                      B. A computer handbook. C. A letter to a friend.                        D. A story of a president.3. The passage is most probably written for _.A. test designers       B. students          C. test-takers         D. teachers4. What is the best title of the book?A. Test Your Reading                            B. Help with Your Writing C. Learn Different Kinds of English                   D. Practise English in Different WaysBReading is very important. World Book Day falls on April 23 every year. It encourages people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of reading. It is also the day to honor (尊敬) great writers.      Many countries celebrate (庆祝) World Book Day. On that day, millions of school children can buy books at a much lower price than usual in any bookstore in England. It has been done every year since 1998. World Book Day is also celebrated in China. Wen Jiabao, Premier of China, is an avid reader. He does lots of reading every day though he is very busy. On World Book Day 2009, he called on (号召) people to do more reading. Wen suggested that young people should spend more time reading. “Books can not change the world, but people can change the world by changing themselves through reading,” he said.      Reading helps us become more knowledgeable and smarter. Reading helps us to follow the latest developments of science and technology (技术). Reading gives us information about other cultures and places in the world. Reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English. We all know that it is difficult to learn everything in the classroom, for example, the ways English people are living  and working today can be learnt by reading.Books, magazines, newspapers and other kinds of reading materials can help us to know more about the outside world. Therefore, it is necessary for us to spend time reading every day.5. When is World Book Day? A. August 8 every year B. March 12 every year C. April 23 every year D. June 6 every year6. An avid reader is a person who _.A. loves reading        B. never reads  C. does some reading       D. hates reading 7. World Book Day was set up in order to encourage people to _.A. learn foreign languages  B. do more reading  C. buy more books  D. know more about science8. According to the passage, reading can help people in many ways EXCEPT _. A. learning English better  B. knowing more about cultures  C. improving your health  D. knowing more about the outside world 9. What's the best title for the article? A. World Book Day in England. B. Suggestions on Reading. C. World Book Day in China. D. World Book Day and the Advantages of Reading.CTime spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book lover or only go there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find a shelter(躲避处) from a sudden rain. Whatever the reason, you can soon totally become unaware(未意识到) of your surroundings. You soon become interested in some books or others, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent too much time there and have to rush off to keep some forgotten appointment. This chance to escape the realities(现实) of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is poss