高考2022高三总复习教案：高一重点词汇八.doc

高考总复习：高一重点词汇八编稿：李万杰 审稿： 王春霞知识讲解重点单词： represent 【点拨】represent vt. 代表，象征；作为的代表或代理人The rose represents love. 玫瑰花是爱情的象征。This picture represents a storm at sea. 这幅画表现的是海上风暴。He represented China in the conference. 他代表中国参加了这次会议。represent sb. as/to be 宣称某人为He represents himself to be an expert. 他称自己是专家。represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事represent sth./ sb. as sth./ sb. 把描绘成representation n代表，代表团，代理representative adj. 代表性的；n代表，代理人curious 【点拨】curious adj. 好奇的，爱探究的，奇怪的，难以理解的Its curious that he left without saying goodbye.真奇怪，他不辞而别了。be curious about 对感到好奇The child is very curious about the origin of mankind. 这个孩子对人类的起源很感兴趣。be curious to do sth. 渴望做Im curious to know what he said. 我极想知道他说了什么。【拓展】curiously adv. 好奇地，奇怪地curiosity n. 好奇心；古玩from/out of curiosity 出于好奇meet/satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心with curiositycuriously 好奇地approach 【点拨】approach vt. 向靠近，接近；A new year is approaching. 新年快到了。He approached the question as a scientist. 他从科学家的角度来处理这一问题。approach sb. on/about sth. 与某人接洽/商量某事Did Mary approach about you lending her some money?玛丽找你商量过有关借些钱给她的事吗？approach  n. 入门，接近；方法，途径a new approach to language teaching 一种新的语言教学方法at the approach of 在快到的时候make approaches to sb. 和某人打交道I like her approach to the problem. 我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。defend 【点拨】defend vt. 保卫，防卫，为辩护They couldnt prevent us defending our rights. 他们不能阻挠我们捍卫我们的权利。We need some lawyers to defend us. 我们需要几个律师为我们辩护。defense works 防御工事，防御工程a defense satellite 防御卫星defend ones argument 为某人的论点辩护defend.against. 保护，防御Their duty is to defend the country against its enemies.他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人（入侵）。defend.from (harm) 保护不受（伤害）We should defend the child from harm. 我们要保护这孩子不受伤害。【拓展】defense/ defence n. 防卫，防御ease 【点拨】ease n. 安逸；舒适He is living a life of ease. 他过着舒适的生活。at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在with ease 轻易地，毫不费力地He passed the examination with ease. 他轻松地通过了考试。feel/ look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松I never feel completely at ease with him. 我跟他在一起总感到不是很自在。put/set sb. at ones ease 使某人放松、松弛take ones ease 休息，轻松一下ease vt. 减轻（痛苦、忧虑）The medicine eased the pain. 这种药镇痛。various 【点拨】various adj. 不同的，各种各样的There are various colors to choose from.有各种各样的颜色可供选择。a variety of/ varieties of= all sorts of/ all types of 各种各样的There are varieties of cloth in the store. 这个店里有各种各样的布。A variety of marine creatures live in the ocean. 海洋中生活着各种各样的海洋生物。【拓展】vary vt. & vi. 使不同，变化That sort of thing varies from person to person.那种事因人而异。Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.为了增加趣味，教师应该使自己的课多样化。variety n变化，多样性，种类amusement 【点拨】amusement n. 消遣；娱乐（活动）Reading and seeing movies are among my amusements. 阅读和看电影是我的娱乐活动。to ones (great) amusement 令人感到（极）好笑的是To our amusement, the actor jumped on and off the stage.令我们感到有趣的是，那个演员在舞台上跳上跳下。【拓展】amuse vt. 使发笑，使愉快；娱乐amuse sb. / oneself by doing 通过做来取乐The boys amused themselves by drawing caricatures of their teacher.男孩子们画他们老师的漫画像来取乐。amuse sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴amused adj. 感到快乐的be amused at/by 对感到好笑We were amused at/ by the storytellers jokes. 听了讲故事者的笑话，我们感到很好笑。amusing adj. 有趣的，逗乐的I had an amusing experience last year. 去年我有过一次好笑的经历。preserve 【点拨】preserve vt. 保护，维护，保存（以免受破坏）；保留 You can preserve meat or fish in salt. 你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。I think these traditional customs should be preserved.我认为应该保留这些传统习俗。preserve sb. /sth. from sth.保护免受They were determined to preserve their leader from humiliation.他们决心保护他们的领导人免受侮辱。preserve n保护区No hunting is allowed in the preserve .在自然保护区内不许打猎。【拓展】preservation n维护；保护；保持；保养The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order. 警察负责维持法律与秩序。 advance 【点拨】advance v前进；提前A month has gone by, but the work has not advanced. 一个月过去了，可是工作却没有进展。The date of the meeting was advanced by four days.会议提前四天召开。advance on/upon/toward. 向推进/挺进advance (sb.) to. 提升（某人）为advance n前进，提升make advances (in) （在 方面）进步，进展in advance 预先，提前The rent must be paid in advance.租金须预付。【拓展】advanced adj. 先进的，高级的advanced technology 先进技术Ancient Greece was an advanced civilization.古希腊是个先进的文明国家。admission 【点拨】admission n. 承认（罪行）；允许进入make an admission of sth.admit sth. 承认某事The university admission policy needs to be improved. 大学的招生政策要改进。The ministers resignation was an admission that she had lied.这位部长辞职等于承认她自己撒过谎。She admitted stealing the bicycle.她承认偷了自行车。【拓展】admit vt. & vi. 承认；供认；准许进入；接纳；容纳admit doing sth. 承认做某事admit of sth. 容许某事admit of no doubt 不容怀疑admit to 承认；通向admit that 从句承认admit sb. / sth. as/to be 承认某人或某物为admit sb. / sth. into sth. 允许进入Only ticket-holders will be admitted into the stadium. 只有有票的人才准进入体育场。convince【高清课堂： 第二讲（unit4-5）】【点拨】If someone or something convinces you of something, they make you believe that it is true or that it exists.如果某人或某物“convince of”某事，意思是让人相信其真实存在。Although I soon convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my purpose.尽管我很快让他相信了我的无辜，他仍然很怀疑我的目的。If someone or something convinces you to do something, they persuade you to do it. 如果某人、某事“convince”某人去做某事，意思是说服了某人去做某事。That weekend in Plattsburgh, he convinced her to marry Bud.那个周末在普拉茨堡，他说服了她嫁给Bud。If you describe someone or something as convincing, you mean that they make you believe that a particular thing is true, correct, or genuine.如果把某人或某物说成convincing，意思是让人相信某事时真实的、正确的，或者真诚的。Scientists say there is no convincing evidence that power lines have anything to do with cancer.科学家说没有令人信服的证据表明电力线和癌症有关联。He sounded very convincing. 他听起来很有说服力。convincingly 有说服力地He argued forcefully and convincingly that they were likely to lose their freedom.他极力地有说服力地争辩，说他们很有可能失去自由。direct【高清课堂： 第二讲（unit4-5）】【点拨】Direct means moving towards a place or object, without changing direction and without stopping, for example in a journey. Direct是指朝某个目标或方向前行，不停，也不改变方向。Theyd come on a direct flight from Athens. 他们会从雅典乘直飞航班过来。Also an adverb. Direct还可以用作副词：You can fly direct to Beijing from most airports. 从大部分机场可以直飞北京。If you describe a person or their behavior as direct, you mean that they are honest and open, and say exactly what they mean. 把某人或者行为描述为“direct”，意思是他们诚实、坦率，想什么说什么。He avoided giving a direct answer. 他避免给直接回答。If your attention, emotions, or actions are directed at a particular person or thing, you are focusing them on that person or thing. 如果注意力、情感被某人或某物“direct”，意思是注意力集中在某人或某物上。The learners attention needs to be directed to the important features.学习者的注意力应该转移到一些重要的点上。Do not be surprised if she directs her anger at you. 如果她冲你发火，你别吃惊。If you direct someone somewhere, you tell them how to get there.如果给某人“direct” 某地，就是告诉他们怎么去那儿。Could you direct them to my office, please? 你能告诉他们怎么去我的办公室吗？When someone directs a film, play, or television programme, they are responsible for the way in which it is performed and for telling the actors and assistants what to do.如果“direct”电影或电视节目，他们告诉演员或助手怎么做，并且为表演的方式负责。He directed various TV shows. 他导演了不同的电视节目。The film was directed by Zhang Yimou. 这部电影由张艺谋导演。If you are directed to do something, someone in authority tells you to do it. （FORMAL)如果做某事被“direct”，意思是有权威人物告诉你怎么做。（正式用法）They have been directed to give special attention to the problem of poverty.有人让他们更多地关注贫穷的问题。重点短语: in general 【点拨】in general 总的来说；通常In general, her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了。general adj. 普遍的；整体的；常规的；笼统的as a general rule 一般而言；通常，总之He has been promoted to general manager. 他已被提升为总经理。【拓展】意思相似的短语有：on the whole总的来说generally speaking一般说来in a word总之as a whole就整体上来看get close to【点拨】get close to接近You will find it hard to get close to the tiger. 你会发现很难靠近那只老虎。keep a close eye/watch on 密切注视；严密监视We should keep a close eye on new technology. 我们应该密切关注新技术。close up/to 在近处The little child wanted to watch the game close up. 那个小孩子很想靠近看比赛。The picture looks very different when you see it close to/up.这幅画贴近看时很不一样。come to life 【点拨】come to life 活跃起来，变得更有趣，使人更兴奋The wounded soldier came to life again. 伤兵苏醒过来了。【拓展】come的相关短语有：come (back) to life/ones senses 苏醒过来come to oneself 恢复常态come to sb. （主意、办法等）被想出The idea came to me in the bath. 我洗澡时，想出了这个主意。come to sth. 合计，共计，达到This painting comes near to perfection. 这幅画接近于完美（的境地）。come to a conclusion 作出结论come to an end 结束come to nothing (no good) 没有结果（好处）come to sb.s attention 受到注意come to the point 谈正题no wonder【高清课堂：词汇 第二讲（unit4-5）】【点拨】If you say “no wonder”, “little wonder”, or “small wonder”, you mean that something is not surprising. 如果说“no wonder”, “little wonder”或者 “small wonder”，意思是某个事情在意料之中。No wonder my brother wasnt feeling well. 难怪我兄弟感觉不舒服。Under such circumstances, it is little wonder that they experience difficulties.在这样的环境下，难怪他们经历了很多困难。You can say “No wonder” when you find out the reason for something that has been puzzling you for some time.当找到某个为之困惑很久的问题的答案或理由时，可以用“No wonder”表达。Brad was Janes brother! Brad是Jane的兄弟。No wonder he reminded me so much of her! 难怪他常让我想起她！词义辨析：represent, on behalf of, stand for【点拨】represent用来表示“代表某人、某个团体、政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物（书、雕塑等）表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。on behalf of只能用做状语，表示“代表/代替某人”。stand for往往用来表示“（字母、数字、符号等）代表/象征什么”。He represented our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.他代表我们学校参加比赛，我们都以他为自豪。On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday.我代表这儿所有的人祝愿你们假期愉快。What does the letter “E” stand for？ 字母E代表什么？protect, defend, guard【点拨】protect指采取一定措施或使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用范围广泛。defend着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯。guard强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全。It's our duty to guard this bridge. 我们的责任是守卫这座桥。 We must protect the children from harm. 我们必须保护儿童免受伤害。We shall defend our country, whatever cost may be.无论付出什么代价，我们都要保卫我们的祖国。likely, probable, possible【点拨】likely强调表面上看来有可能，与 probable 意思接近，有时可以互换，但 likely 常暗示从表面迹象来判断。常用句型：Sth. /Sb. be likely to do./ It is likely that.probable表示有几分根据的推测，比 possible 表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的“有可能”，是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。常用句型：It is probable that.possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用句型：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth. / It is possible that./ sth. is possible/ as quickly/much/soon.as possibleIt is very likely that he will not consent. 很可能他不会同意。The probable outcome of the talks is a compromise. 会谈的结果很可能是妥协。It's possible to break with old habits. 改掉老习惯是可能的。close, closely【点拨】close作副词用时，意为“在附近；靠近地”，多用来修饰由介词引导的短语，表示具体概念。closely为副词，意为“密切地”，多用来修饰动词或过去分词，表示抽象意义。Three men were standing very close in the corner. 三个人紧挨着站在角落里。The problem is closely connected with that one. 这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。be famous for, be famous as, be famous to【点拨】be famous/known for 因而出名，for后接出名的原因。be famous/known as 作为而出名，as后接出名后的身份。be famous/known to 对于来说出名，to后接对哪些对象来说是出名的。Spain used to be famous for its strong armada. 西班牙曾以其强大的舰队而著称。Dubai would prefer to be famous as a playground for the rich. 迪拜希望变成举世闻名的富人游乐场。They may not be famous to the general public, however they are well known in that field. 对于大众而言，他们可能并不出名，然而在那个领域他们是非常出名的。