高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions语言点.doc

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions语言点编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞 学习目标重点词汇distinguish, convenient, expectation, seize, valid, bear, tap, current, associate practical 重点短语now and then,set out (to do), set about, call up, hang on, get through, out of order, dive into, ring back/ ring off 重点句型从when cooled说开来only引出的倒装结构知识讲解重点词汇distinguish【原句回放】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。【点拨】distinguish vt.& vi. 辨别，区别；显示.的差别；使.有所不同常用搭配：distinguish . from . 把.与.加以区分distinguish between . and. 把.与.加以区分distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己扬名distinguish sb. by . 凭借.辨认某人I can distinguish them at a distance. 我在远处能够辨认出他们。Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？Speech distinguishes man from the animals. 说话的能力把人与动物区别开来。 The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination. 班长用自己的考试成绩使自己出名了。【拓展】distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的，著名的常用搭配： be distinguished for 因.而著名 Einstein was distinguished for his originality. 爱因斯坦以其独创性著称。convenient【原句回放】They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了。【点拨】convenient adj. 便利的，方便的，就近的（convenient 的主语往往是物而不是人）常用搭配：be convenient to sb. 对某人来说很方便 be convenient for . 离.很近，对.来说方便It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便 Will 3 oclock be convenient for you? 3点钟对你来说方便吗？Im afraid this isnt a convenient moment to see you. 我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。 【拓展】convenience n. 方便，便利；便利设施常用搭配：at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候 for convenience 为了方便起见for the convenience of sb. = for ones convenience 为了某人方便起见expectation【原句回放】This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. 这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇不会惹麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。【点拨】expectation n. 预料，期待，期望 注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，为不可数名词；当其意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。常用搭配：beyond expectation 出乎意料（较预期的大或好） in expectation of 预料，期望，期待 against expectations 与预期相反He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didnt come up to my expectations.我向来喜欢看他的影片,但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望。【拓展】expect vt. 预料，预期；期望seize【原句回放】Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. 由于朋友和亲戚的督促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这个成功的想法给予认可。【点拨】seize vt. 抓住，捉住；（军事）占领；（强烈的感情愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）常用搭配：seize sth. from sb. 从某人那儿夺去某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机seize hold of 抓住 She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。 Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loud. 玛吉从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。valid【原句回放】There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not. (专利局)还有一大批审查人员，他们的唯一职责就是审查你的专利是否有效。【点拨】valid adj. 有效的，有根据的；正当的Your return ticket is valid for three months. 你的返程票有效期是三个月。Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。Please provide a valid screen name. 请输入有效的显示名。bear【原句回放】I cant bear the smell of . 我忍受不了.的气味。【点拨】bear（bore, borne）vt. 忍受，忍耐，负担；生产（农作物等）常用搭配：cant bear doing /to do忍受不了做某事(bear doing 表示习惯性动作；bear to do sth. 表示一次具体动作) bear in mind 牢记在心I couldnt bear to listen any longer, so I left the room. 我不忍再听下去了，就离开了房间。 She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地忍受着悲痛。Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承载你的体重吗？You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor. 你要牢记在心你父母希望你成为一名好医生。【拓展】表示“忍受”的词和短语：stand/ tolerate/ put up with 忍受，容忍 cant have sb. doing sth. 不能忍受某人做某事 tap【原句回放】This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code (a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order). 这种原始的电报是在一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息（莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击的一连串点划）。【点拨】tap vt.& vi. 轻打，轻拍，轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头常用搭配：tap at/on 轻敲.；轻拍.The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.秘书10秒钟打出一份电报。They wont hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!你只是轻拍门他们听不见。使劲敲！current【原句回放】If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire. 如果声波能够以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。【点拨】current n. （水或气）流，电流；趋势 She had to swim against the current. 她必须逆着水流往上游。We had better go with the current of the times. 我们最好跟上时代的潮流。Newspapers influence the current of thought. 报纸影响人们思维的方向。【拓展】current adj. 现时的，当今的；流通的，通用的currency n. 通货, 货币；通用，流通 current English 当代英语current money通用的货币 This word is no longer in current use. 这个词现在已经不用了。The German currency is among the strongest in the world. 德国货币是世界上最坚挺的货币之一。associate【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life. 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。【点拨】associate vt. 联想, 把联想在一起; 和来往常用搭配：associate.with 与联系She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。Her parents didnt like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions. 在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。【拓展】associate n. 同伴；伙伴He is one of my associates at the store. 他是我店里的一位同事。practical【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life. 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。【点拨】practical adj. 实际的，实践的, 可行的 He is very practical he can make or mend almost anything. 他很有实践经验会制作或修理几乎任何东西。We have to be practical and buy only what we can afford. 我们要实际一些，只买我们能买得起的东西。【拓展】practice / practise v. 练习，实践practice n. 实习；实践，练习 We must put our plans into practice. 我们必须把计划付诸于实践。You need more practice before you can play for our team. 你需要更多的练习才能进入我们队。You wont become a good singer if you dont practice/ practise. 你不练习就成不了好歌手。重点短语【高清课堂：Unit 3 Inventors and inventions词语精讲】now and then【原句回放】Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree. 蛇时不时地爬到屋子附近，似乎是在屋子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。【点拨】now and then 时而，偶尔地（= occasionally）Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她时而上楼看看他是不是睡着了。【拓展】every now and then 有时，时而，不时set out (to do)/ set aboutset out (to do)【原句回放】Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. 贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。【点拨】set out to do sth. 开始做某事He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part. 他着手粉刷整个房子，但是只完成了前面的部分。【拓展】set out for 动身去某处 set out 动身set about 【原句回放】I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。【点拨】set about doing sth. 着手,开始做（注意about是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词）He set about learning Chinese at age ten (=at the age of ten). 他十岁时开始学中文。She set about her housework straight after breakfast. 吃完早饭后，她直接就开始做家务了。call up【原句回放】When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。【点拨】call up 给()打电话（也可用call sb. up）；使回想起Forgive me so early to call up you please.请原谅我这么早就给您打电话。The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood. 这种愉悦的笑声唤起了他童年的回忆。【拓展】与call有关的词组call on 拜访（某人） call at 拜访（某地） call for 要求（=ask for）call off 取消 call in 邀请，召集hang on【原句回放】Hang on, please. 请不要挂断（电话）。【点拨】hang on （=hold on，表示“坚持某一状态”，其中hang 挂着，on 表示持续地） 1. 握住不放He hung on until the rope broke. 他一直握住绳子不放，直到绳子断了。2. 坚持 Although we are beaten, we must hang on. 虽然我们被打败了，我们一定要坚持。3. (电话)不挂断 The line is busy；would you like to hang on? 线路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？get through【原句回放】I cant get through. 我接不通（电话）。【点拨】get through （through表示“from beginning to end”，强调动作的过程，或任务的困难）1. 穿过; 通过 The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 这条通道太窄了，过不去。2. 读完; (使)理解; 消化I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting. 会前我有一大堆文件要浏览消化呢。3. (用电话)接通某人I rang you several times but wasnt able to get through. 我给你打了几次电话，但是没有接通。4. 完成 I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了这本小说。5. 用完, 花光 He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已经用光了我借给他的所有的钱。（此句中got through =used up和ran out of）out of order【原句回放】Im sorry, but this phone is out of order. 对不起，电话出故障了。【点拨】out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒；秩序混乱The vendor is out of order (=out of work) again.这台自动售货机又坏了。It was out of order for him to make such a tactless remark. 他说出这种粗鲁的话是不正常的。The boys room was out of order (=messy). 这个男孩儿的房间很乱。【拓展】order n. 顺序，订购，命令 in order 处于正常状况，情况良好dive into【原句回放】Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. 偶尔离开平坦的路去寻求困境。（离开常走的大道，潜入森林。）【点拨1】dive into迅速把手伸进；一心投入，潜入He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins. 他将手伸入口袋中取出几枚硬币。He dived into/ in the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 这个男孩从桥上跳入河中。【点拨2】1. beaten track 踏平的路，一贯走的路 2. woods 原指“树林”，此句中有“险境，困境”的意思。ring back/ ring off【原句回放】Can I ring back later? 我可以稍晚回电话？ I must ring off now because. 我必须挂电话了，因为.【点拨】ring back 回复电话ring off (= hang off) 挂断电话；停止讲话Before I answered the telephone, he rang off我还没来得及回答，他就挂断了。Ill ring you back when I get the answer我知道答案时，会给你回电话。【拓展】打电话时用的其它词语：ring up/call up打电话给. hang on / hold the line别挂断 ring round 四处打电话 answer the phone 接电话 get through 打通电话 dial 拨（号） extension （电话）分机 重点句型从when cooled说开来【原句回放】Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。【点拨】when cooled 连词+过去分词，相当于when引导的时间状语从句：when it is cooled1. 状语从句的省略（省略“主语+be”）需具备的条件：1）从句的谓语动词中有be；2）主从句的主语一致或从句主语是it。2. 状语从句的省略常用于五种从句：1）if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句He wont go to the party unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会去参加晚会。2）as，as if 引导的条件状语从句Henry looked about as if (he is) looking for someone. 亨利环视四周，仿佛在找人。3）when, while, until/ till等引导的时间状语从句When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦时，（你）去向她求助。4）although/ though, even if/ even though等引导的让步状语从句She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管身体仍非常虚弱，但学习十分努力。5）as，than引导的比较状语从句We finished the task two days earlier than (it had been) expected.我们比预料的早两天完成了任务。【拓展】注意：before/ after是介词，省略形式用：before/ after+动词-ing形式。He gradually recovered after being treated for a time. 治疗了一段时间后他渐渐地康复了。only引出的倒装结构【原句回放】Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。【点拨】“only+状语（从句）+助/系/情态动词+主语+谓语.”句式only修饰句子的状语或状语从句，且位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Only then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.只有那时我们才能认为自己尽到了责任。Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.只有当我离开父母去了意大利，我才意识到我多么爱他们。但是：only修饰句子的主语时不倒装。Only the manager can solve the problem. 只有经理能解决这个问题。