高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 5 Travelling abroad语言点.doc

Unit 5 Travelling abroad语言点编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞 学习目标重点词汇qualification, preparation, recommend, comfort,substitute,draft, acknowledge, contradict, occupy, abundant, govern 重点短语keep up, fit in, as far as, be occupied with, day in and day out, out of the question, adjust to, get used to, take up, settle in重点句型It is/ was the first/ second/ .time .what 引导的名词性从句知识讲解重点词汇qualification【原句回放】Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to complete a business qualification. 谢蕾今年21岁，来我们大学上学，希望获得工商管理资格。【点拨】qualification n. 资格，资历，执照 （可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词）常用搭配：have the right qualifications for sth./ to do sth. 有资格做某事admission qualification 入学资格 a doctors qualification 当医生的资格academic/ professional/ technical qualifications 学术/职业/技术资历What qualifications have you got for this job? 你有什么能做这项工作的资格吗？To become a doctor, you should get a medical qualification. 要想成为一名医生，你得取得医生资格证。【拓展】 qualify vt. & vi. （使）合格；（使）具有资格 qualified adj. 合格的be well qualified for sth. / to do sth. 非常有资格做某事qualify sb. for sth. / to do sth. 使某人有资格（做某事）preparation【原句回放】She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. 大多数外籍学生在进入学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。【点拨】preparation n. 准备常用搭配：make preparations for sth. / to do sth. 为某事做准备in preparation 在准备中He has packed his bags in preparation for the journey. 他打好提包，为旅行做准备。The country is making preparations for war. 这个国家正在进行备战。【拓展】 prepare vt. 使有准备，准备常用搭配：be prepared for sth. / to do sth. 对某事做好准备prepare for sth. / to do sth. 为某事做准备prepare sb. for sth. / to do sth. 使某人对某事做准备recommend【原句回放】Xie Lei highly recommends it. 谢蕾非常看重它（预科课程）。【点拨】recommend vt. 推荐，建议 常用搭配：recommend sb./ sth.(to sb.) (向某人)推荐某人/某物recommend doing sth. 建议做某事recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend+从句（should+动词原形，should可省略）建议某人做某事Mr. Smith recommended his student as a good engineer. 史密斯先生推荐他的学生，说他是个好工程师。The doctor recommended the patient to take more exercise. 医生劝病人多锻炼。He recommended that everyone should buy this dictionary. 他建议每个人都买这本词典。【拓展1】recommendation n. 推荐（信），介绍，劝告【拓展2】与recommend有类似用法的词：常用的接v.-ing形式作宾语，而接to do sth.作宾语补足语的还有：permit /allow (允许), advise (劝说), forbid (禁止)等。We dont allow people to smoke here. 我们禁止人们在这里抽烟。I wouldnt advise taking the car. There is nowhere to park. 我不主张开车去，没地方停车。comfort【原句回放】Also, when I miss my family, its a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with. 还有，当我想家的时候，房东家就是我家的替代，和他们在一起给了我很多安慰。【点拨】comfort n. 舒适，舒服，安慰（不可数名词） n. 令人感到安慰的人或事物 (常用作单数)vt. 安慰常用搭配：for comfort 为了舒服 in comfort 舒适地（= comfortably） give comfort to sb. 安慰某人His words were of little comfort in the circumstances. 在这种情况下，他的话起不了什么安慰作用。The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.在我经历这一切的日子里，孩子们一直是我的一个巨大安慰。The child ran to his mother to be comforted. 孩子跑到母亲旁边以求安慰。 【拓展】 comfortable adj. 舒适的, 舒服的comfortably adv. 舒适地uncomfortable adj. 不舒适的, 不舒服的substitute【原句回放】Also, when I miss my family, its a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with. 还有，当我想家的时候，房东家就是我家的替身，和他们在一起给了我很多安慰。【点拨】substitute n. 代替者, 代用品 vt. 用代替常用搭配：substitute A for B 用A取代B （多指暂时代替或代理） substitute B with A substitute for sb./sth. 代替某人/某物 a substitute for sb. /sth. 某人/某物的代替品There is no substitute for good food and exercise. 没有什么能替代健康食物和锻炼。He is the doctors substitute during holiday times. 假期他给医生替班。We substituted potatoes for rice. 我们用土豆代替米饭。Bill substituted for Larry who was off sick. 比尔代替了有病请假的拉里。【拓展】同义词：replace多指以新换旧，以好代坏，且与with连用。Can anything replace a mothers love and care?有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗?draft【原句回放】So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in. 于是我就那篇论文写了一篇类似小结性的文章，修改了草稿，然后交给了导师。【点拨】draft n. 草稿，草案，草图 vt. 起草，草拟；选派，抽调Ive made a rough draft of the contract. 我已经写好这份合同的草稿。They sat down and drafted a letter to the local newspaper.他们坐下来, 给当地的报纸草拟了一封信。A doctor is being drafted for the special task.正在选拔一名医生去执行这项特殊任务。acknowledge【原句回放】First of all, he told me, I couldnt write what other people had said without acknowledging them. 他告诉我说，首先，我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。【点拨】 acknowledge vt. 承认；接受，公认为；答谢，表示感谢常用搭配：acknowledge . as / to be认为是 acknowledge a favor 答谢所受到的关照 I acknowledge the truth of his statement. 我承认他叙述的真实性。It is universally acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell. 狗嗅觉灵敏是大家都接受的。Joe is acknowledged as the best basketball player of the year. 乔被认为是本年度最好的篮球运动员。【拓展】acknowledgement n. 表示“承认, 确认, 感谢”。 如：He was given a present in acknowledgement of his work for the business.他得到了一个礼物，以感谢他为这项生意所做的工作。contradict【原句回放】Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors Id read. 最后，他甚至鼓励我反驳我读过的那些作者的观点。【点拨】contradict vt. 反驳，驳斥，否认；相矛盾He was so angry that he contradicted his boss in public.他气得当众驳斥了老板。You have just contradicted yourself. 你恰好与你以前说的自相矛盾。The facts contradict his theory. 事实与他的理论相悖。（contradict是及物动词，直接接宾语，不需with）【拓展】 contradiction n. 矛盾，对立 contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的 contrary adj. 相反的 n. 相反 常用搭配：contradict oneself 自相矛盾be contradictory to sth. = contradict sth. 与某事相矛盾on the contrary 相反地be contrary to sth. 与某事相反occupy【原句回放】I have been so occupied with work that I havent had time for social activities. 我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去参与社会活动。【点拨】occupy vt.占用，占据（相当于take up）常用搭配：occupy sb./oneself in doing sth. / with sth. 从事于, 使忙于（做）某事 be occupied in doing sth. / with sth. 忙于（做）某事He occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education. 他在教育部把持重位。He occupies himself with (=is occupied with) various research projects all day. 他整天忙于各种研究项目。The workers were fully occupied in building new houses. 这些工人们忙着建房子。【拓展】occupied adj. 没空闲的；忙碌的 occupation n. 占用；职业；消遣 abundant【原句回放】Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle. 秘鲁有着多种多样的植物，从沙漠中的草到大片的丛林。【点拨】abundant adj. 大量的, 丰富的，充裕的 常用搭配：be abundant in = be rich in 含有丰富的.；富于  The tree is abundant in fruit. 这棵树果实累累。The coastline is abundant in rare species of plants. 这条海岸线有大量珍稀植物物种。We have abundant evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.我们有充足的证据证明汽车对环境有不良影响。【拓展】abundantly adv. 大量地，丰盛地，充裕地 abundance n. 大量，丰富，充裕 govern【原句回放】Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire, much of South America was governed by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards.（秘鲁）曾经是强盛而且极为富裕的印加帝国的中心，从16世纪起，南美洲许多地区都是由西班牙统治的。【点拨】govern v. 统治，管理，支配The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.这个国家由民选代表统治。The need for money governs his behavior. 对金钱的需求左右着他的行为。Govern your passion, and otherwise it will govern you. 克制感情，勿使其控制你。【拓展】 government 政府 governor 统治者，管辖者，总督，州长重点短语【高清课堂：Unit 5 Travelling abroad词语精讲-词组】keep up【原句回放】Keep it up, Xie Lei. 谢蕾，再接再厉【点拨】keep up （keep 保持，up 一直延续、到底、向上） The shortage of supplies is keeping the price up. (价格坚挺) 供给短缺使价格居高不下。We are very anxious to keep up the reputation of the firm. (保持)我们非常渴望来保持公司的声望。（对比：build up 建立起）We try to keep up with whats happening. (跟上)我们要尽量跟上事情的发展。My grandma always keeps up with modern society. 我奶奶一直紧跟潮流。【拓展】keep it up 保持优秀成绩, 坚持下去（其中it词义模糊，只帮助构成习语）fit in【原句回放】Chinese student fitting in well 中国学生适应能力强【点拨】fit in（with）安排时间，使某事适合于The doctor said he could fit me in at 4:30. 医生说他能把我安排在4：30。He has never done this type of work before; Im not sure how hell fit in.他以前从没有做过这件事，我不确定他怎样能够适应。Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?这些计划与你的安排是否吻合呢？as far as 【原句回放】Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. 此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的。【点拨】as far as 远至，根据Well go by train as far as London, and then take a coach. 我们先坐火车坐到伦敦，然后乘大巴（长途客运汽车）。I have read as far as the third chapter.我已经读到了第三章。He was the only one who enjoyed the play, as far as I can remember.根据我能够记住的，他是唯一的欣赏这个剧目的人。【拓展】as far as . is concerned 就.而言 As far as the weather is concerned I dont think it will matter if we go there tomorrow. 就天气而言，我认为我们明天去那儿没什么关系。be occupied with【原句回放】I have been so occupied with work that I havent had time for social activities. 我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去参与社会活动。【点拨】be occupied with 被占据，忙于. Her time is fully occupied with her three children.她每天忙于照顾她的三个孩子。Helen was fully occupied with business matters, so we didnt want to bother her. 海伦全身心地处理生意上的事，所以我们不想打扰她。【拓展】occupy vt. 占据，占领，使忙于day in and day out【原句回放】Day in and day out I follow. 我天天按照.【点拨】day in and day out一天接一天；日复一日；每天（=day after day）Day in and day out, no matter what the weather is like, she walks ten miles.她不管天气如何，每天总是步行10英里。【拓展】含day的短语：day and night 日日夜夜 day by day 一天天地，逐日（强调“逐渐”）the other day 几天前 to this day 直到今天 out of the question【原句回放】Its out of the question. 它是不可能的。【点拨】out of the question不值得讨论，不可能的Missing school to watch the football match is out of the question. 想不上课去看足球赛是绝对不可能的。【拓展】比较：out of question/ without question 毫无问题Marilyn was, out of question/ without question, a beautiful woman. 毫无疑问，玛丽琳是个漂亮的人。记忆窍门：有the有问题，没the没问题。 adjust to【原句回放】How difficult do you think it is to adjust to the customs of another country? 你认为适应另外一个国家的风俗有多难？【点拨】adjust (oneself) to调节，（使）适应注意：to是介词，后接名词、代词和动词-ing形式。Adjusting to the tropical heat was more difficult than they had expected. 适应热带的炎热比他们预料的要难。Theyll soon settle down. Kids are very good at adjusting to the new environment.他们会很快安顿下来，孩子们非常擅长适应新环境的。【拓展】常用的to为介词的短语：be accustomed to 习惯于 be/ get used to 习惯于contribute to 有助于，导致 devote. to 把.奉献给get down to 着手做，认真做 look forward to 盼望，期盼see to 负责，照料 lead to 通向，导致pay attention to 注意get used to【原句回放】You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning. 你还必须习惯一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力。【点拨】get/be used to适应于，习惯于（to是介词）The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness. 这些宇航员不久就适应了失重状态。I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. 我习惯乘飞机旅行，而且只有一次我曾感到害怕。【拓展】used to do sth., be used to do sth. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（强调现在不再做了）注意：有情态动词的某些特征，改为一般疑问句时可加did，也可把used提前；改为否定句时，可用usednt to或didnt use to。Did the river use to be clear and clean? 那条河过去是又清澈又干净的吗?There usednt to be a railway station in that area那一地区原来没有火车站。 be used to do “被用来做某事”，是被动语态。Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things塑料能用来制造各种各样的东西。take up【原句回放】You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning. 你还必须习惯一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力。【点拨】take up占(时间，空间)； 继续；开始做；吸收(液体)My time is taken up with practicing piano. 我的时间都被练琴占用了。Lets take up the tale at the point where I left yesterday. 我们接着昨天讲的继续讲这个故事。The old man took up painting after he retired from work. 这个老人退休后开始画画。【拓展】相关短语：take in 留宿，领会 take off（飞机）起飞 ，脱掉，剪掉take on呈现，雇佣take over接手；接管take the place of 代替 take apart 拆开take part in 参加take place 发生settle in【原句回放】things you can do to help him/ her settle in 为了帮他/她安顿下来你所能做的事【点拨】settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后) 安顿下来Later, man began to settle in the places where the food and water were plentiful.后来，人们开始在有充足食物和水的地方定居下来。Has the baby panda settled in her new home? 熊猫宝宝习惯新家了吗？【拓展】含settle的短语settle down 舒适地坐下（或躺下）；（在某地）定居下来，过安定的生活settle sb. down 使某人安静下来settle down to sth. 安下心来做某事重点句型It is/ was the first/ second/ .time .【原句回放】It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. 这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。【点拨】It is/was the first/ second/. time (that). 这是第一/二/.次. 1. 此句型中that引导定语从句，经常省略；2. that 从句一般用完成时态：若主句是一般现在时，从句多用现在完成时；若主句是一般过去时，从句多用过去完成时。3. it也可用this或that代替。Its the first time she has visited the Great Wall. 这是她第一次游览长城。It was the second time he had got a chance to go abroad. 那是他第二次获得出国的机会。【拓展】含time的句型： 1. It is (high/ about) time for sb. to do sth. 到某人该做某事的时候了。2. It is time for sth. 该做某事了。3. It is (high/ about) time that sb. did sth. 某人该做某事了。4. There was a time when . 曾经. There was a time when he hated school. 他曾经厌学。 引导名词性从句的what【原句回放】Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. 此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的。【点拨】引导名词性从句的what1. what 引导名词性从句在使用和理解上有两种情况：1）what用作疑问词性质的连接词，意为“什么，什么样的”；No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.没有人敢确定一百万年以后人类会是什么样子。2）what相当于关系代词性质的连接代词，相当于the thing(s) that/ which或all that，意为“所.的，所.的事情”。My hometown is no longer what it used to be ten years ago. 我的家乡不再是10年前的样子了。2. what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对待取决于其成分的含义。What we need is more money. 我们所需要的是更多的钱。（从表语可知what从句是单数）What you should do is to turn off the radio. 你该做的是关掉收音机。（从表语可知what从句表示的是单数）What were left behind were five empty bottles. 扔掉的是5个空瓶子。（从表语可知what从句表示的是复数）【拓展】引导名词性从句的that that引导名词性从句时，that只起连接作用，不作成分，无具体意思。What I hadnt expected was that he should have been late for such an important meeting. 我没有想到的是如此重要的会议他竟然迟到了。