高考2022高三总复习教案：高一重点词汇七.doc

高考总复习：高一重点词汇七编稿：王春霞 审稿： 张桂琴知识讲解重点单词： attempt 【点拨】attempt vt.& vi. 试图；企图attempt to do sth. 试图做某事（try/seek to do）an attempted murder/suicide 谋杀/自杀未遂I attempted to leave but was stopped. 我想走但被拦住了。attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图make an/no attempt to do sth. /at doing sth. 企图/没有企图做某事in an attempt to do/at doing sth. 为了做某事at the first attempt 首次尝试He made an attempt to climb the mountain but failed. 他企图要爬上这座山，但失败了。I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。【拓展】attempted adj. 未遂的He was accused of attempted murder. 他被控告谋杀未遂。appeal 【点拨】appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助appeal to 对有吸引力；呼吁；上诉；引起的兴趣Her sense of humor appealed to him enormously. 她的幽默感强烈地吸引住了他。She appealed to the high court against her sentence. 她不服判决而向高等法院上诉。appeal to sb. for sth. 请求某人某事appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物appeal to/for sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事appeal vt. 将上诉Five times he appealed the case, always losing. 他上诉五次, 都失败了。 appeal n. 呼吁, 恳求；吸引力make an appeal for sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事The government is appealing to the public for help for those who lost their homes in the flood.An appeal is being made by the government for help for those who lost their homes in the flood.政府正在呼吁公众对在水灾中丧失家园的人给予援助。aim 【高清课堂：高二重点词汇三】【点拨】If you aim for something or aim to do something, you plan or hope to achieve it.如果用“aim for something”或者“aim to do something”，意思是打算或者希望完成它。He said he would aim for the 100 meters world record at the Olympics in August.他说他想在八月的奥运会上冲击100米的世界纪录。Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth. 商业应定位于长期的成长目标If you aim to do something, you decide or want to do it. (AM, INFORMAL)（美国，正式用法）如果“aim to do”某事，意为决定或者想要做它。Are you aiming to visit the gardens? 你打算去花园看看？I didnt aim to get caught. 我没想到被抓住。If you aim a weapon or object at something or someone, you point it towards them before firing or throwing it. 如果将武器或者某物体“aim at”某事物或者某人，意思是在射击或者扔出去前指向他们。When he appeared again, he was aiming the rifle at Wade.当他再次出现的时候，他用步枪瞄准了Wade。The aim of something that you do is the purpose for which you do it or the result that it is intended to achieve. 做某事的“aim”，是指做这件事的目的或者希望达到的结果。The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions.这个节日的目的就是增加对印度文化和传统的了解。【拓展】aim at doing sth. 旨在做某事；be meant to do sth. 旨在，目的是bargain 【点拨】bargain n. & vi. 便宜货，特价商品；协议，交易；交涉，讨价还价At this price the wine is a bargain.这种葡萄酒卖这个价真是很便宜。Fresh salmon is a bargain at the supermarket today.这周超市的新鲜鲑鱼特价销售。There are no bargains in the clothes shops at the moment.目前服装店里没有特价商品。Shop in small local markets and dont be afraid to bargain.在当地的小店购物，不要害怕砍价。Dealers bargain with growers over the price of coffee. 经销商与种植户就咖啡的价格讨价还价。【拓展】bargain for，bargain on 料到，考虑到（某情况）；预料The exam was more difficult than I had bargained for.考试之难是我始料未及的。He had not bargained on the mad jealousy which both women developed.他没料到这两个女人会嫉妒得发狂。benefit 【点拨】benefit n. 利益，实惠；优越性for the benefit of. 为了帮助；为了的利益She went there for the benefit of her health. 她为了健康而去了那里。vt.& vi. 得益；使受益benefit sb./someplace 使某人/某地受益The new hospital will benefit he entire community. 这所新医院将使整个社区受益。benefit from/by sth. 从获益I benefited much from my fathers advice. 我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。receive/gain benefit from sth. 得益于某事be of great/much benefit to sb. be very beneficial to sb. 对某人有好处Moderate exercise will be of much benefit to you. 适度运动对你有很多益处。trick 【点拨】trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；花招；窍门；vt. 哄骗，欺骗trick or treat 不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕孩子们挨户要礼物的用语)play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物John taught me the trick of opening a bottle of wine.约翰教会了我打开酒瓶盖的窍门。The children loved to play tricks on their teacher.这些孩子好跟他们的老师玩恶作剧。She tricked me into paying for her meal at the restaurant.她在饭馆里骗我替她付了饭钱。【拓展】play tricks on sb.make fun of sb. =play jokes/a joke on 和开玩笑；捉弄某人have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑；make a fool of 愚弄；laugh at 嘲笑make a joke/jokes about sb./sth. 关于某人/某事说笑话Its not proper to play jokes on others in public.在公众场所捉弄别人是不恰当的。She was having a joke with you.她在跟你开玩笑。Dont make jokes about the handicapped.不要说关于残疾人的笑话。promote【点拨】promote 促进，提升，（常与to连用）提升；使升级Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.我们的老师已被提升为校长了。Milk promotes health.牛奶能促进健康。【拓展】promoter n. 倡导者；发起人promotion n. 提升，促进This years sales promotions havent been very successful.今年的促销攻势尚不成功。persuade 【点拨】persuade v. 说服；劝服，通常接不定式的复合结构，即persuade sb. to do sth. 意为“说服某人干某事”。有时，可以只跟一个名词或代词，省略其后的不定式。 I wish you could persuade her to think it over. 我希望你说服她仔细考虑此事。 He strongly urged me to go abroad for further education, and finally he persuaded me. 他强烈要求我去国外进修，并最终说服了我。 persuade sb. into doing sth./persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事How can we persuade them into joining us? 我们怎样才能说服他们加入我们呢？ She couldnt help being persuaded into making peace with her parents.她经不住劝说只好与她的父母言和。 表示“劝说”而不一定“劝服”时，多用try to persuade结构。 The son tried to persuade his father to give up smoking. 儿子劝其父亲戒烟。 We tried to persuade our teacher not to punish us for being late. 我们劝说老师不要因为迟到处罚我们。作“使相信”解时，其主要用法有： 接that从句： She persuaded him that she was telling the truth.她使他相信她在说真话。 接of短语，即构成persuade sb. of sth.结构： How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我怎样才能使你相信我的真心实意呢？ We are persuaded of the justice of her case.我们确信对她案件的审理是公正的。 【拓展】persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的；persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念 He couldnt show us a persuasive excuse. 他不能向我们提供一个有说服力的理由。 After a lot of persuasion, he agreed to come. 好说歹说，他才同意来。fancy【点拨】n. 想象力, 爱好, 吸引某人；想象之物the novelists fancy 小说家的想象力Did I really hear someone come in, or was it only a fancy? 我是真听到有人进来还是仅仅是幻觉而已? I have a fancy that he will be late. 我感觉他要迟到。I have a fancy for some wine tonight. 我今晚想喝点酒。 She saw a dress in the shop window and it caught her fancy immediately. 她看见商店橱窗里的一件连衣裙, 立刻觉得很合心意。 Ive suddenly taken a fancy to detective stories. 我突然喜欢上了侦探小说。adj. 异常复杂的，精致的，奢华的fancy cakes/goods 精美的蛋糕/物品Thats a very fancy pair of shoes! 那是一双非常别致的鞋! fancy ideas/ prices 过分的想法、高昂的价格fancy vegetables 精选的蔬菜fancy dogs, pigeons, etc 品种珍奇的狗、鸽子等v. 想要，爱慕，喜欢，自负，自命不凡I fancy (that) its going to rain today. 我看今天要下雨。 He fancied he heard footsteps behind him. 他好像听到身后有脚步声。 【拓展】take a fancy to 爱上（好） take/catch ones fancy 投合的心意to ones fancy 合自已心意 fancy sb. to be 想像是.fancy sb. doing 真想不到会干Fancy running into you! 真想不到会遇上你！honor【点拨】n. 光荣的人或事（通常用an honor）He is an honor to our school. 他是我们学校的荣耀。荣誉；信誉；名誉He won honor for his motherland. 他为祖国赢得了荣誉。尊敬；敬意：show honor to 对表示敬意vt. 尊敬，给某人以荣誉honor sb. with sth. 用某事来向某人表达敬意be/feel honored to do sth. （做某事）感到荣幸Will you honor me with a visit? 你能赏脸来看我一下吗？【拓展】其他可具体化的抽象名词，表示“一个的人、一件的事”的单词还有：surprise, pleasure, delight, success, failure等等。personal / personally【高清课堂：高一重点词汇四】【点拨】person adj. 个人的，私人的A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people. 如果说“personal opinion, quality, or thing”，说明该方面只属于某个特定的个人而不属于其他人。You dont need to agree with me. Thats my personal opinion.你没有必要同意我，这只是个人的观点。He has given books, furniture, and other personal belongings to the charity.他把书、家具和其他个人物品捐给了慈善机构。The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard.总统到了，跟着他的私人保镖。Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health.私密的事情与感情、个人关系、健康有关。He is teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships at a community college. 他在一所社区大学中教给学生关于婚姻和私人关系的课程。Try not to allow personal problems to affect your performance.尽量不要让私人问题影响你的表演。It is not right to ask us to sacrifice our personal lives to our work.要求我们为了工作而牺牲个人生命是不对的。Mr. Knight said that he had resigned for personal reasons.耐特先生由于个人原因辞职了。personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自；就人而论Personally, I think he is a very good man, but you may not agree. 就个人而言，我认为他是个很好的人，但你也许不同意。 The owner of the hotel welcomed us personally. 这家旅馆的主人亲自欢迎我们。 I like him personally, but I hate what he believes in. 我喜欢他这个人，但我讨厌他所信仰的东西。【拓展】personally意为“就个人而言”时的同义短语：in my opinion; as far as Im concerned; in my view; for my part; as far as I can see; from my point of view; from my perspective重点短语: figure out【点拨】figure out 计算出，弄清，理解It would be difficult to figure out the losses at this time.目前很难对损失做出估计。Its difficult to figure out why she said those things at the meeting.很难理解她为什么要在会上讲那些事情。Can you figure out the answer to Question 5?你能弄清第5题的答案吗？The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality.目前的形势非常复杂，因此我想我需要一段时间才能估摸出现实状况。【拓展】表示“理解，弄明白”的短语：figure out；make out；work out；puzzle outfigure out 理解，强调思维上的Can you figure out what his report means?你能理解他的报道是什么意思吗？make out 辨明，看清楚，强调视觉上的make out the traffic signs through the rain 雨中辨别交通标志I cant make out what is written on the blackboard. I am standing too far from it.我看不清黑板上写的什么，我站的太远了。Make out you understand something when you dont. 不懂的时候装懂！It is hard to make out the traffic signs on foggy days.在有雾的日子，很难辨认出交通标志。No one can make out the meaning of this poem. 没有人能够理解这首诗的意思。work out 制定，解决work out a plan/ problem 制定计划、解决问题puzzle out 苦苦思索而弄清楚或明白He left for his summer cottage to puzzle out what he might try next.他动身到他的避暑别墅去想清楚他下一步应该做什么。get across【点拨】get across (使)被理解；(把)讲清楚Hes not very good at getting his ideas across.他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。【拓展1】get away with 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚get rid of 摆脱；除去get about 走动；旅行；(消息等)传开来get on/along well with. 与相处得好；进展得好get away from 逃脱；离开get down (从)下来；写下；使沮丧get down to doing sth. 开始认真地做某事get in 收获；插话get in touch with 与取得联系get into the habit of 染上的习惯get into trouble 陷入困境get out (of.) (使)出去；离开；逃脱；摆脱get over 爬过(墙等)；克服(困难等)；从中恢复过来get through 办完；花完(钱、时间等)；(使)通过；接通电话I wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam.我不能容忍你考试作弊而不受惩罚。He was so lucky to get away with only a fine for such a serious mistake.他犯了如此严重的错误，侥幸只被罚款了事。How can I get rid of the flies in the kitchen？我怎样才能把厨房里的苍蝇消灭掉？【拓展2】比较短语：come across （尤指偶然）遇到，发现，想到；越过；产生效果I came across him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上碰到了他。She suddenly came across an idea. 她突然有了主意。He came across the hall into the room. 他穿过大厅走进房间。Your speech came across very well. 你的演讲十分成功。表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet.by chance/accident, run across, run into。in honor of【点拨】in honor of 纪念；为向表示敬意A great banquet was held in honor of our distinguished guests.为了迎接尊贵的客人，举办了一场盛大的宴会。The monument is in honor of a scientist.那座纪念碑是为纪念一位科学家而建的。【拓展】inn.of 短语：in praise of 歌颂 in search of 寻找，搜寻 in favor of 赞同in support of 支持 in charge of 负责 in memory of 纪念in possession of 拥有 in need/want of需要 in place of 代替 in hope of 希望They set off in search of the lost child. 他们出发寻找失踪的孩子。This is a book in praise of the construction workers.这是一本歌颂建筑工人的书。We are all in favor of your plan.我们都赞成你的计划。We use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.我们用筷子吃饭而不是用刀和叉。A medical team rushed to the scene of the disaster where hospitals were in need/want of doctors and nurses.医疗小组奔赴到灾区，那里的医院急需医护人员。Two minutes of silence were observed in memory of those who died in the war.为了纪念死于战争的人们，举行了两分钟的默哀仪式。deal with【点拨】deal with 处理；对付，与打交道；论述，涉及；与做生意They could properly deal with all kinds of situations. 他能恰当地应付各种局面。 Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道，还治其人之身。 This is a book dealing with Asian problems. 这是一本论述亚洲问题的书。 They have learned to deal with various persons. 他们学会了和各种人打交道。【拓展】表示“处理”的词汇：do with 处理；cope with 处理；handle vt. 处理, 应付, 对待；attend to 处理注意：do with与deal with同义，但是do with与what搭配，而deal with与how搭配。They do not know what to do with the garbage here. =They do not know how to deal with the garbage here. 他们不知道怎么处理这里的垃圾。cope with常含有有效地对付并在一定程度上取得成功的意思。He will cope with all the work.他将会设法应对所有的工作。deal with常表示应付的人或事比较麻烦或复杂，含有要解决问题的意思。Dont worry. Mr. Smith. Its already been dealt with.别担心，史密斯先生，问题已经解决了。He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。His wise father knows how to handle him.他聪明的父亲知道如何管教他。 I dont know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job. 既要照顾家庭又要工作, 我不知道她是怎样应付下来的。I have pressing business to attend to.我有紧急的事情要处理。词义辨析：attempt, try, manage【点拨】attempt为正式用语，常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的。try为通俗用语，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价，后接不定式表示“试图做某事”，后接动名词表“试着做某事”。manage表示“成功地做成某事”，强调结果。All the students managed to pass the exam. 所有学生都成功地通过了考试。The prisoner attempted an escape, but failed. 那个犯人企图越狱，但失败了。We should try our best to catch up with others. 我们应该尽力追上其他人。 income, pay, salary, bonus, wage【点拨】income指经常得到的“收入”，可以是工作的薪水。pay指定时领取的“报酬，工资”，有时特指军队服役人员的军饷。salary通常指按月发、付给脑力劳动者或经过培训、学习有专门知识或技能的人的“薪水”。wage指付给体力劳动者的工资，通常以劳动时间、熟练程度、定额多少来计算，一般按天或周支付，常用复数形式。bonus指额外的津贴；意外收获；奖金。They could earn salaries from $ 10,000 to $ 15,000 one year.他们一年能挣一万到一万五美元工资。He takes his wages home to his wife every Friday.他每周五把工资带回家给妻子。Have you any income apart from your pay?除了工资，你还有其他收入吗？All officers in the army got an increase in pay.军队中所有官员的工资都增加了。We like our new house and its a real bonus that there is a swimming pool nearby.我们喜欢自己的房子，附近有一家游泳馆，真的是一个意外收获。