高二英语-知识讲解 话题语言应用——文学作品和戏剧.doc

话题语言应用文学作品和戏剧编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞语言积累交际用语1推测、猜测I wonder whether. 我想是否. I think its because. 我想是因为.Is it possible that.? .是可能吗？ Do you know if.? 你知道是否.Perhaps / Maybe，but. 也许，但是. Do you really think thats true? 你真的认为那是真的吗？2情感 Why do you think Higgins felt like that? 你认为希金斯为什么想要那个/做那件事？How did you feel about your first lesson? 你感觉你的第一节课怎么样？What do you think would make Eliza happier? 你认为什么会让伊莱扎高兴些？Mrs. Pearce would comfort / encourage her by. 皮尔斯夫人会通过.来宽慰/鼓励她。surprised 惊奇的 disappointed 失望的 worried 担心的 confused 糊涂的 amazed 吃惊的upset 心烦的 sobbing抽泣 weeping 哭泣, 流泪 laughing 大笑hesitating 犹豫kindly温和地, 亲切地 gently 温和地，慈祥地 hopefully 怀有希望地 rudely 粗鲁地happily 高兴地uncomfortably 不自在地gratefully 感激地heartily 尽情地，坚定地 proudly 自豪地，傲慢地3判断与评价Youve made such progress and. 你已经取得了这么大的进步，而且.The problem was that. 问题是.You were very good with . 你很擅长. (be good with sth. 在.有技巧/娴熟)Remember (never) to . 记住（不）要.All in all，you did very well. 总的来说，你做的很好.I think you just need more practice. 我想你只是需要更多的练习。话题语句（1）Pygmalion皮格马利翁 Pygmalion was a very gifted artist. He spent a long time making a stone statue of a beautiful woman. It was so beautiful that he couldnt help loving it and wanted it to be his wife. He went to the Greek Goddess Aphrodite to ask her to bring the statue to life. As a result of his prayers, his wish is granted and the statue is made into a real woman. The two marry and live happily ever after. The Greek myth was a popular subject for Victorian era English playwrights. Based on the classical myth, Bernard Shaw wrote a famous play Pygmalion.要点提示：grant 批准 era 时代，历史时期（Victorian era 维多利亚时代）playwright 剧作家 classical 古典的 myth 神话George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century theatre. Shaw was a freethinker, defender of womens rights, and advocate of equality of income. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money. He was a very humorous playwright.要点提示：Irish 爱尔兰的 dramatist 剧作家 literary critic 文学评论家 spokesman 发言人 theater 戏剧界 advocate 提倡 humorous 富有幽默感的 My Fair Lady窈窕淑女 It is an adaptation of the play “Pygmalion”. It is a musical made in 1956. It was filmed in 1964. The film was a huge success, winning eight Oscars.要点提示：adaptation 改写本，改编，适应 musical 音乐的，音乐喜剧The same theme 同一主题 Theme of the Greek story (希腊故事的主题): Pygmalion, an artist, creates a statue from stone and makes it have a new life.Theme of the play by Shaw (萧伯纳戏剧的主题): Higgins, a phonetics, creates a new girl Eliza from the lower class to the upper class by teaching her English.Description of each character 人物描写1. anxious (焦虑的), emotional (易动感情的), ambitious (有抱负的), enthusiastic (热情的)2. impatient (急躁的), rude (粗鲁的), proud (傲慢的), superior (有优越感的), self-important (妄自尊大的)3. kind (仁慈的), polite (有教养的), generous (慷慨的), eager (热切的), confident (有信心的), optimistic (乐观的)【高清课堂：Pygnalion 语言应用】话题语句（2）Pygmalion effectThe term Pygmalion effect refers broadly to the effects of interpersonal expectations, that is, the finding that what one person expects of another can come to serve as a self-fulfilling prophecy. 要点提示：Pygmalion effect 皮格马利翁效应 broadly 概括地 interpersonal 人与人之间的 self-fulfilling 自我实现的，本身自然会实现的prophecy预言 impact 冲击（力），影响 reinforce 增强 Pygmalion effect in the classroomIn 1965 Robert Rosenthal, professor of social psychology at Harvard University, and his colleague, conducted an experiment in a public elementary school, telling teachers that certain children could be expected to be “genius,” based on the students results on the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition. In fact, the test was nonexistent and those children designated as “genius” were chosen at random. What Rosenthal and Jacobson hoped to determine by this experiment was the degree (if any) to which changes in teacher expectation produce changes in student achievement. 要点提示：psychology 心理学 genius 天才 nonexistent 不存在的 designate 指定 at random 任意地，随便地Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition哈佛习得变化测验The science behind the Pygmalion effectThe reason why self-fulfilling prophecies work has to do with our subconscious mind. Whenever we talk about a self-fulfilling prophecy, for example when I say that I will be successful, I am imprinting this into my subconscious mind. The brain works in such a way that it remembers better when we repeat this, so every time I say it, this imprint becomes stronger.An interesting interaction happens with the conscious mind and the subconscious mind. The conscious mind is heavily influenced by the subconscious mind, but we hardly ever realize this. This interaction means that whatever we have imprinted in our subconscious mind, will be picked up consciously and executed (执行).要点提示：subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的 imprint铭记，印记 interaction 相互作用have/be to do with 与.有关Using self-fulfilling prophecies to your advantageActually, using the Pygmalion effect to your advantage is very simple. The idea is actually very old, in the form of mantra (颂歌,咒语). A mantra, which originates from Hinduism, is a form of prayer that has a powerful effect when repeated. As such, it is basically the Pygmalion effect: repeat something, so it becomes imprinted in your subconscious mind. So the only thing you have to do is create your mantra and keep repeating it. This doesnt have to be done out loud, you can do this silently too. The key factor is repeating, so your subconscious will pick up the idea and make it grow stronger and stronger.要点提示：to sb.s advantage对.有利 originate from 来自 Hinduism 印度教as such 同样地 key factor 关键因素A word of cautionThe nasty matter of fact is that the Pygmalion effect can also be used in a bad way. Have you ever noticed how people who claim that they always have bad luck . always have bad luck? The key here is to only concern yourself with positive thinking. Stay away from bad ideas, because repeating those will also imprint them in your subconscious! 话题语句（3）有用的句子- 试试你会了吗？1. 一位语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位 an expert in phonetics, _ that the _ of a persons English decides his / her _2. 贫苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活 a poor flower girl who is _3. 陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友。希金斯还给上校安排了一项工作 an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins who _4. 附近一个穿着深色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。 Nearby a flower girl wearing _ and a _ is also _ the rain.5. 你把我当成什么人了？ What do you _?6. 我还以为你可能是一个便衣警察呢。 I thought maybe you were a policeman _.7. 一般来说，人们对于他们认为地位比他们高的人要更礼貌一些，而对于他们认为地位低一些的人，他们的礼貌就差一些。 _, people are _ to those who they think are _ and _ to those they consider are members of a lower class.8. 亨利·希金斯和皮克林上校坐着专心地谈话。 Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting _.9. 我本来很欣赏自己，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来，而你却发出了130个元音，你赢了我。 I _ myself because I can _ twenty-four _ vowel sounds; but your one hundred and thirty beat me.10. 我会为这个小赌当裁判，而且课时费也由我来付. Ill be the _ for this little bet and _ too.参考答案：1. convinced; quality; position in society (convince sb. of sth./ to do sth. 使某人确信.)2. ambitious to improve herself （ambitious 有抱负的）3. sets him a task4. dark garments; woolen scarf; sheltering from (shelter from 躲避)5. take me for (take for 误以为)6. in disguise (伪装的，假扮的)7. Generally speaking; more polite; of a higher social class (of 属于); less polite8. deep in conversation (专心谈话)9. rather fancied; pronounce; distinct (rather 相当，颇；fancy oneself自负，自命不凡；fancy 自负，想象，设想，想要)10. referee; pay for the lessons写作运用英语戏剧戏剧同小说一样有情节（plot）、人物（character）、背景（setting）、主题（theme）和风格（style）。戏剧一般分为幕（acts）和场（scenes）。场是幕中的部分，有的只分幕，不分场。1. 剧本三要素：舞台说明、戏剧冲突、人物台词。舞台说明：帮助导演和演员掌握剧情，为演出提供相关说明。戏剧冲突：剧中必须有一个矛盾冲突（问题）供人物去解决，剧中所有的事件都与该矛盾冲突有关。人物台词：即剧中人物的语言，是性格化的，有动作性，因为人物的语言与人物的行动联系在一起的。同时，人物的语言和动作要合乎各自的身份和特征。台词的表现形式有：对话、独白、旁白、内白（在后台说话）、潜台词等。2. 时态：多用现在时。3. 舞台说明用斜体，置于括号中，常用省略句、动词-ing形式等。 另外，本单元的话题写作还可以拓展为书评、戏剧评论或有关皮格马利翁效应的内容的书面表达。话题写作范文Example 1假如下面是Eliza的第一节课要结束时的场景，据此推测并编写她与Mrs Pearce（女仆）的对话。H = Higgins CP = Colonel Pickering E = Eliza . .E: The rai-ain in Spai-ain falls mai-ainly on the plain.CP: Miss Doolittle, thats so much better.H: Now, Eliza, go and practise by yourself. Keep your tongue well forward instead of trying to swallow it.E: (beginning to cry) Oah! Oah!H：(angrily) Now Eliza, go and tell Mrs Pearce about this lesson. Think about it and practise by yourself. Away with you! (Eliza is still sobbing, rushes from the room)CP: Now Henry, couldnt you have been kinder to that poor girl after all the effort she made?参考范文：MP = Mrs Pearce E = ElizaMP: Ah Eliza, there you are! How did the first lesson go?E: (very upset) Oh Mrs Pearce. It was terrible.MP: Why do you think like that? What happened?E: Is it possible that Im bad at everything? First it was my appearance and my clothes. Now its my pronunciation. Why they even made me say my ABC!MP: Dry your eyes, my dear. Let me encourage you. Im sure they were just trying to help you. I know Mr Higgins is very keen on getting that right. He says that is the start of good speaking.E: (feeling better) Oh do you really think thats true? Perhaps he didnt mean to unkind then!MP: Well, I know hes not quite a gentleman when it comes to a ladys feelings. He is so strict on you because he wants to win his bet with Colonel Pickering.E: Really! So he doesnt just do it because he doesnt like me. Thank you Mrs Pearce. You have made me feel much better.Example 2假如下表是Higgins教授给Eliza上的第一节课的小结笔记，根据笔记来推测第二节课的情况，写一场小剧。What Eliza got rightWhat still needs to be improvedPronunciationShe got the phrases and sentences correct after repeating them twice: “Do you think I dont know anything?” “a cup of tea” “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain”.Her “ai” in “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain” and her alphabet.EvaluationShe learns quickly, and picks up new pronunciation very fast.参考范文：Act Two, Scene 3H = Higgins E = Eliza CP = Colonel Pickering(Professor Higgins is waiting for Eliza to come to their second lesson. He looks up and smiles as she enters the room.)H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for our second lesson?E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es. H: Well done, Eliza, that sounds better already. Dont you think so, Pickering?CP: Yes, indeed.H: Well. Lets try our sentences again, shall we? Lets see. There was “a cup of tea”.E: A cu-up of te-ea.CP: Excellent, my dear. And first time too.H: Yes indeed. Now lets try “I dont know anything”.E: I dont know-ow any-thing.H: Amazing progress. Dont you think so, Pickering? Shes really listening. Now, lets do the last sentence “The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.”E: The rain in Spain star-eyes mainly on the plar-eyen.H: Almost perfect. Just a little more work, Eliza. “Stai-ays” and Plai-ain”. Again please.E: The rain in Spain stay-ays mainly on the plai-ain.CP: Wonderful. Shell soon be perfect.H: Excellent, Eliza. Well soon make a lady of you. Now off you go for a good lunch. Well done!拓展写作范文Example 1 皮格马利翁是萧伯纳根据一个希腊神话改写的同名剧本，学完此剧后，你认为此剧如何？请为此剧写一篇短评。点拨： 1. 这是一篇戏剧评论，首先要写明戏剧的题目及作者，并对故事及人物、背景等作简单介绍；2. 写出你喜欢此剧的理由；3. 对特殊情节或人物作简述。4. 综合评价此剧。参考范文：Review of Pygmalion by Bernard ShawI enjoyed studying the play Pygmalion very much. I found it both amusing and interesting. Like the ancient Greek play, the theme of the play is change. In the Greek play, the artist Pygmalion changes from a person who dislikes women to someone who loves one particular woman. In this modern play, Henry Higgins changes from a person who first dislikes Eliza to someone who does like Eliza though he will not admit it. In the Greek play, the statue changes from a stone into a real person. In this play, Eliza changes from a flower girl into a beautiful and accomplished lady.The play is set in the early 20th century. It is at a time when social groups in society are fixed and they can be identified through clothes and languages. So when Eliza improves both her clothes and conversation, she is able to act like a real lady.I think the time in which the play is set increases my interest in the play. I enjoy the use of badly spoken English. I like to see the way Elizas language changes from bad grammar to beautiful English. I also like the idea that she changes from being dirty and badly dressed to looking so beautiful that people think she must be a princess.I learned a lot about English society a hundred years ago. I also enjoyed following the development of the people in the play. I look forward to seeing the play acted on the stage.Example 2假如你上周去表姐家做客，看到六岁的小外甥每次因犯一点错误就被表姐责骂，你想起皮格马利翁效应（Pygmalion Effect）。请就此事写一篇短文，并包括如下要点：1. 叙述上周的经历；2. 积极的期望和更多的关爱，能促使人们做得更好；3. 应给予儿童更多的鼓励而不是责骂，赞扬而不是批评。参考范文：Last Sunday I paid a visit to my cousin, who has a six-year-old son. Though I stayed with them only a short time, I found that every time my nephew made a mistake, my cousin would scold him, which reminded me of the Pygmalion Effect. Anybody, young or old, adult or child, can perform better when they are given more love and care, when they are expected to do so. Give children encouragement instead of scolding them and give them praise instead of criticism, because if you believe they can achieve greatness, then they will indeed achieve greatness.