高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 3 A healthy life语言点.doc

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1、Unit 3 A healthy life语言点编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞学习目标重点词汇abuse, stress, ban, quit, effect, strengthen, desperate, disappointed, ashamed, risk重点短语due to, be addicted to, be accustomed to, decide on, in spite of, get into, take off , feel like重点句型As you know.do构成的强调知识讲解重点词汇abuse【原句回放】 Drug abuse 滥用药物【点拨】abuse n.

2、& vt. 滥用， 虐待，辱骂He was arrested on the charge of abuse of power. 他因滥用权力罪而被捕。 Child abuse is widespread in this country. 这个国家虐待儿童的情况很普遍。Ill lend you my camera but dont abuse it. 我会把照相机借给你，但你得爱惜使用。【拓展】前缀ab-，常表示“偏离，远离，不”或用于加强语气。 abuse = ab（偏离）+ use（使用） abnormal不正常的 = ab（不）+ normal （正常的） abortion流产 =ab（不

3、）+bor（born的变体，出生）+tion（名词后缀）aboard 上船=ab（加强语气to）+board（板子、甲板） stress【原句回放】 Stress 压力【点拨】stress n. （精神）压力，紧张，重音 vt. 着重，强调，重读常用搭配：under the stress of . 为.所迫，在.压力下 lay/ place/ put stress on. 把重点放在.上 Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness. 压力经常是疾病长期不愈的因素。This school lays stres

4、s on foreign language education. 这所中学重视外语教育。I cant stress enough the need for cooperation. 我怎么强调合作也不过分。【拓展1】stressed adj. （多作表语）紧张的，感到有压力的stressful adj. 产生压力的，紧张的He was feeling very stressed and tired. 他感到紧张而且疲倦。It was a stressful time for all of us. 对我们所有人来说，那都是个很有压力的时期。【拓展2】stress 与pressure1. stre

5、ss多指由于生活中的问题而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张与不安。2. pressure 指单位面积上所受到的压力，引申义指某事所产生的压力或影响力。pressure可以是引起stress的事情。She was unable to attend the wedding because of the pressures of work. 她因为工作太忙而不能来参加你的婚礼。Many people find it hard to bear the stress of modern life. 许多人感觉很难承受现代生活的压力。ban【原句回放】 Do you think smoking should

6、 be banned? 你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？【点拨】ban vt. （尤指法律上）禁止，取缔；n. 禁令，禁止 （banned, banned; banning）常用结构：ban sb. / sth. from doing sth. 禁止某人/物做某事a ban on/ against sth. 有关.的禁令Smoking is banned in school. 在学校禁止吸烟。He was banned from driving for three months because of driving under the influence. 他因酒后驾驶被禁止开车三个月。There is

7、 a ban on smoking in the museum. 博物馆禁止吸烟。The police lifted the ban against parking in this street. 警察撤销了不准在这条街上停车的禁令。【拓展】forbid和ban1. forbid 是普通用语，表示“禁止某人做某事”，一般用forbid sb. to do sth.；2. ban 语气很强，指由于法律或社会压力而禁止，有谴责或不赞成的意味。多以物作禁止的对象。 Fishing in this lake is banned. 此湖禁止捕鱼。His parents forbid him to go

8、swimming in the river. 他父母不准他去河里游泳。quit【原句回放】 When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. 而当我因不健康而被校足球队除名后，我才知道我该戒烟了。【点拨】quit vt. 停止；辞职 （quitted, quitted或quit，quit；quitting）注意：quit后接动词时要用动名词作宾语。He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to

9、 three cigarettes a day. 他还没有戒烟，但是限制在一天三支烟了。He has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. 最近他已经决定放弃公司里那个高薪但费力的职位了。 【拓展】含quit的短语：quit school 退学 quit hold of 撒手，放开quit it out 住嘴 quit oneself of fear 消除恐惧 effect【原句回放】When I was young, I didnt know much about the

10、 harmful effects of smoking. 我年轻时，关于吸烟的危害性我知道的并不多。 【点拨】effect n. 结果，作用，效力，影响常用短语：have an effect on 对.有影响 take effect 开始实行，开始生效come into effect 生效 bring/ carry sth. into effect 使.生效in effect 正在实行，实际上 without effect 没有效果be of no effect 无效果的Her criticisms had a great effect on him, discouraging him com

11、pletely.她的批评对他影响很大，让他完全泄气了。His wife had, in effect, run the shop for the past six months. 实际上，过去六个月里是他的妻子经营着商店。The new law takes effect from January 1. 新法律从1月1日开始实行。【拓展1】effective adj. 有效的, 有影响的 effectively adv. 有效地The medicine is an effective cure for a headache. 这种药是治疗头疼的有效疗法。【拓展2】affect 是及物动词，表示“

12、影响，（病）侵袭”。Your opinion will not affect my decision. 你的想法不会影响我的决定。The south of the country was worst affected by the drought. 这个国家南部受到了干旱最惨重的影响。 strengthen【原句回放】 It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.它也许对你戒烟和加强你的决心会有所帮助。【点拨】strengthen v. 加强，变坚固Her position in the company has strengthe

13、ned in recent weeks.她在公司的地位近几周已经得到了巩固。 The wind strengthened during the night. 夜里风力加强了。Their attitude only strengthened his resolve to fight on. 他们的态度只是使他继续战斗的决心更强。【拓展】词缀-en/en-：en是前缀，也是后缀，有“使.”之义，形容词或名词加上en，就变成了动词，如：weakweaken (减弱) widewiden（加宽） fast（紧紧的）fasten 系紧 sureensure（确保）largeenlarge（扩大）rich

14、enrich（使丰富）courageencourage（鼓励）joyenjoy（喜欢） rootenroot（使扎根） desperate【原句回放】If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum. 如果你感到绝望，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈谈，帮你想点办法，如含尼古丁的口香糖。 【点拨】desperate adj. 绝望的；不顾一切的；极度渴望的；拼命的 常用搭配：be desperate

15、for sth./ to do sth. 极其渴望.A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants. 一个亡命徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。He was so desperate for a job to provide food for his children. 他非常渴望工作使他可以养活孩子。 I was absolutely desperate to see her. 我确实太想见她了。 disappointed【原句回放】Do not be disappointed if you have to try se

16、veral times before you finally stop smoking. 如果你非得经过多次才能把烟戒掉，你也不要失望。【点拨】disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的（表示人的内心感受）常用结构：对.感到失望 in/ with/ sb. be disappointed at/ by/about sth. to do sth. that从句The director was disappointed at the results. 导演对结果很失望。The mother was disappointed to learn her son had failed the c

17、ourse.那位母亲听说儿子这门课没有及格，感到很失望。Are you very disappointed at / about losing the race? 你跑输了是不是很失望呀？We noticed a disappointed look on his face. 我们注意到他脸上有一种失望的表情。(感到失望的是“他”，不是别人)对比：We noticed a disappointing look on his face. 我们注意到他脸上一种令人失望的表情。(他并不失望，但他的表情让别人失望) 【拓展】 disappoint v. 使扫兴，使失望； disappointing ad

18、j. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望 to ones disappointment 使某人失望的是 ashamed【原句回放】 If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. 如果你因意志衰弱而又吸烟了，也不要感到羞愧。【点拨】ashamed adj. 表示“感到羞耻或惭愧的, 害臊的”，常用作表语或后置定语。常用结构：be ashamed of sb./sth. 为某人/事而感到羞耻 be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事You should be ashamed of treating

19、your daughter like that. 你那样对待你的女儿，真该感到羞愧。 You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 说了这样的谎话，你该为自己感到惭愧。He was ashamed to tell his family what had happened. 他惭愧地告诉家人发生的事。【拓展】shame n. 羞愧，羞耻；可惜，遗憾 vt. 使愧疚，使蒙羞Its a shame. I should be at work instead of lying here in bed. 真丢人,我应当在工作岗位上,而不是

20、在这儿躺在床上。Mum thought my divorce shamed the family. 妈妈认为我离婚让家里人蒙羞。risk【原句回放】 He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks. 他觉得每一步他都不得不下决心而不是冒险。【点拨】risk n. 危险；风险常用结构：take risks/ a risk 冒险 run risks/ a risk 处于.的风险中 at risk 处境危险，遭受危险（=in danger）at the risk of 冒之险at ones own ri

21、sk (损失、风险等)由某人自己负责，自担风险He took a risk when he crossed the old bridge. 他冒险过了那座年代很久的桥。He rescued a child at the risk of his own life. 他冒着生命危险救了一个孩子。 If we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.如果我们参战，无辜的生命就会被置于危险之中。People who are overweight run a risk of a heart attack or stroke. 体重超标的人有患心脏病或中

22、风的危险。【拓展】risk 用作动词表示“使冒危险；作赌注”，后跟名词或动词-ing形式。He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire. 他冒着生命危险从火中救出了孩子。Are you prepared to risk travelling without an armed guard? 你准备在没有武装警卫的情况下冒险出行吗？ 重点短语due to【原句回放】I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以长寿而且精力

23、充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。【点拨】due to prep. 表示“因引起”。较正式的书面语，相当于because of/ caused by。Believe it or not, many accidents are due to driving at high speed. 信不信由你，许多事故都是因为高速驾驶。Her illness was due to bad food. 她的病是由变质食物引起的。【拓展1】意思相近的短语还有：because of 因为owing to 由于on account of 由于 thanks to 多亏，幸亏，由于（通常用于好的方面，或者反语） as a

24、result of 作为.的结果，由于【拓展2】due adj. 欠款的，预定的，到期的 【高清课堂：Unit 3词语精讲be addicted to- get into】be addicted to【原句回放】You see, during adolescence I also smoked and I became addicted to cigarettes. 你知道，青少年时期我也吸过烟，而且对香烟上瘾了。 【点拨】be addicted to沉溺于（to是介词）The children areaddicted tocomputer games. 这些孩子沉溺于计算机游戏。She ha

25、s becomeaddictedto golf. 她疯狂地迷上了高尔夫这项运动。 【拓展】addiction n. 沉溺, 上瘾（常与介词to连用） My addiction to English is not changed/ hasnt been changed forever. 我对英语的痴迷一直没有改变。be accustomed to【原句回放】This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 这就是说，过一段时间后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。 【点拨】be a

26、ccustomed to 习惯于（是be/get used to的高级词汇，其中to 是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词）I was accustomed to being the only child at a table full of adults.我习惯了我是满桌的成年人中唯一的孩子。My eyes were becoming accustomed to the gloom. 我的眼睛渐渐习惯了黑暗。【拓展】accustom vt. 使习惯于He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.他发现很难使他自己习惯早起

27、。decide on【原句回放】 Decide on a day to quit. 确定一个开始戒烟的日子。【点拨】decide on 对做出决定decide加动词时，常用“decide to do sth.”，表示“决定做某事”。加名词时，要接介词on。After leaving university, Theresa decided on a career in publishing.大学毕业后，特丽萨打算在出版业来成就事业。Dontdecide onimportant matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要太快地做决定。 【拓展】decision n. 决定decisi

28、ve adj.（具有）决定性的make a decision 做决定The battle is a decisive one. 这个战役是有决定性的。 in spite of【原句回放】 In spite of all his efforts he failed. 尽管他很努力，他还是失败了。【点拨】in spite of不顾，不管（相当于介词despite，连接让步状语）In spite ofthe bad weather, we went fishing. 虽然天气不好，我们还是去钓鱼了。In spite ofmy efforts at persuasion, he wouldnt agr

29、ee. 尽管我尽力说服他，他还是不同意。 get into【原句回放】 Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！ 当然，对付这些毒品最好的方式就是最初就不要染上这种恶习！【点拨】get into 习惯，控制，影响get into（陷入，进入）是我们很熟悉的短语，如get into trouble（陷入麻烦中），get into difficult times （陷入困境）。但是还有许多其它含义：You feel shy when you sta

30、rt your speech, but then you get into it.开始讲话时，你感觉害羞，之后你就习惯了。Try to get into the habit of drinking a glass of water every hour.要养成每小时喝一杯水的习惯。I dont know what got into her lately; shes been behaving very oddly. 我真不知道最近什么东西影响了她，她的举止一直很古怪。take sb. off【原句回放】When I was taken off the school football team

31、because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. 当我因为不健康而被校足球队除名后，我才知道我该戒烟了。【点拨】1. take sb./sth. off 解除（工作、职务等）；撤掉（器械等） The officer leading the investigation has been taken off the case. 主持调查此事的官员已被调离。2. take off 脱掉，起飞，减（去）掉take (a day/some time) off 休假（一天/一段时间）Dad took the day off to come w

32、ith me. 爸爸休了一天假和我一起来的。I felt quite excited as the plane took off from the airport.飞机从机场起飞时，我很激动。Charlie was taking off his shirt when the phone rang.查理正脱下衬衫，这时电话响了。【拓展】含take的短语take along 随身带着 take away拿走，拿开，使离开take back 撤销，收回，同意退（货） take on 雇用，开始显现take up 开始从事，继续 take over 接任，接收take in收留，吸收，了解，欺骗 ta

33、ke out 带.出去，去掉feel like 【原句回放】 Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 每当你想要吸烟时，你就提醒你自己，你（已经）是不吸烟的人了。【点拨】feel like 表示“想要”, 后接动词时要用动词-ing 形式。You can talk to me whenever you feel like it. 你想什么时候谈可以与我谈。 Sometimes when I look into the sky, I feel like mak

34、ing a trip somewhere. 当我看天空时，我很想到某个地方旅行。 I didnt feel like eating but I managed to force something down. 我不想吃东西，不过还是勉强咽了一点。【拓展】1. feel like还有“感觉好像，摸起来像”的意思。They made me feel like one of the family. 他们让我感到我像这个家庭中的一员。What beautiful cloth. It feels like silk. 多美的布料呀，摸起来像丝绸。 I feel like catching a cold.

35、 我像是感冒了。2. feel like oneself 感觉自在；感到自己处于正常的身体或精神状态He felt (like) himself after doing exercise. 锻炼后他感觉很舒服。重点句型As you know.【原句回放】 As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. 正如你所知道的，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动做它。【点拨】as引导的非限制性定语从句，如句中的As you know，需注意：1. as代替整个句子

36、或一件事，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；2. as意为“正如.，就像.，据.”；3. as引导的定语从句可放主句前或主句后，有时也可作为插入语置于句中，一般用逗号和主句隔开。对比：which引导的非限制性定语从句只放主句后。4. 常见结构：as we can see as can be seen as is (well) known as may be imagined as often happens as has been said beforeas was mentioned aboveas is often the caseas indeed it is如：As is well know

37、n, great changes have taken place in China.众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。This experiment is very simple, as indeed it is.实验非常简单，事实上也确实如此。 【拓展】 as也可以引导限制性定语从句，这时先行词前经常有such，so，same修饰。如： I have never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。（as代替先行词stories，在从句中作宾语）She wore the same dress as her young sister wor

38、e. 她穿着和她妹妹一样的连衣裙。（as代替先行词dress，在从句中作宾语）对比： The boy had never heard such a story that he wanted his father to tell one more. 男孩从没有听过这样的故事，他想让父亲再讲一个。（such. that 如此的.以至于） She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. （the same. that 同一条）她穿着在玛丽婚礼上穿的那条连衣裙。do构成的强调【原句回放】 I do hope so because I wa

39、nt you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 我的确希望你把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。【点拨】用助动词“do（does/did）+动词原形”可以表示强调，如：Do write to me when you get there你到那儿后务必给我来信。I did go to school on foot yesterday. 昨天我的确是步行上学的。 【拓展】 强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who（强调人时）+ 其他部分此句型不能用来强调谓语，强调单个的谓语动词时，常用上述do的某个形式。 如：It was not until his father came back that he went to bed. （强调时间状语从句）直到他父亲回来，他才上床睡觉。