小学英语语法训练 上册.docx

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1、Unit1 Plural Nouns名词的复数Grammar box 语法宝盒1. 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示两个或两个以上的概念时，要用复数形式。名词复数形式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。2. 可数名词复数的规则变化。(1)一般情况下，在名词词尾加s。car-cars book-books(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的可数名词，在词尾加es。bus-buses box-boxes peach-peaches dish-dishes(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词，变y为i为再加es。dictionary-dictionaries family-families(4)以

2、成f或fe结尾的可数名词，变f或fe为v，再加es。knife-knives leaf-leaves以f或fe结尾的可数名词直接加s或变f或fe为v，再加es。handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchievesscarf-scarfs/scarves roof-roofs belief-beliefs gulf-gulfs(5)以o结尾的可数名词，在词尾加es或sphoto-photos radio-radios zoo-zoos video-videos piano-pianos tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-her

3、oes3.可数名词复数构成的不规则变化(1)元音发生变化man-men woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet goose-geese(2)词尾发生变化child-children ox-oxen(3)单复数同形fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese(4)有些名词只有复数scissors trousers sunglasses(5)有些名词虽然以s结尾，但只用作单数。news maths physics politics4巧记各国人的复数形式：中日不变，英法变，其他s加后边。C

4、hinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans Canadian-Canadians Indian-Indians5.注意名词变成复数后的读音变化。清后/s/，浊（元）后/z/；/s, z, , ,d/后面读/iz/;别忘/t/后/ts/,还有/d/后/dz/。Exercise 语法练习一、 写出下列名词的复数形式，读一读。1. car _ 6. mouse _ 2. toy _ 7. eye _3. box _ 8. body _4. man _ 9.

5、tomato _5. bus _ 10. sheep _二、 用正确的名词复数填空。1. There are many_(apple)on the tree.2. My grandmother has three _. (child)3. Im hungry. Lets eat some _. (fish)4. I have two _. (watch)5. There are six _(class)in our school.三、 读一读，圈出错误的单词，并把正确的句子写在横线上。1. My aunt has two baby.2. I can see two sheeps.3. Thre

6、e knife are on the desk.4. The baby has four tooth.5. How many picture can you see?四读一读，圈出文章中的名词复数形式。This is a monster. He has two small heads. Two eyes and four ears are on his heads. He has two legs and six feet. He can juggle some balls.Unit2 Possessive Cases of Nouns 名词所有格Grammar box 语法宝盒1. 名词所有

7、格表示所有关系，意为“的”。所有格有两种形式：在名词后面加s所有格表示有生命的事物名词的所有关系。Of所有格表示没有生命的事物名词的所有关系。2. 名词所有格的构成-s所有格：（1）.一般在单数名词词尾加s。This is Marys book.这是玛丽的书（2）.以结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加September 10th is Teachers Day. 9月10日是教师节。（3）.不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加s。June 1st is Childrens Day. 6月1日是儿童节（4）.表示几个人共有某物，只在最后一个名词词尾加或s。He is Lily and Lucys fathe

8、r 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸（5）表示几个人分别拥有某物时,在每个名词词尾加或s。These are Johns and Toms bikes. 这是约翰和汤姆的自行车。of所有格:名词+0f+名词(1). Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都(2)The windows of the room are very big.这个房间的窗户很大名词所有格的构成s所有格和of所有格举例不以s结尾的单数名词直接在词尾加smy sisters bag/Andys book以s结尾的复数名词直接在词尾加the twins room/the teachers offi

9、ce不以s结尾的复数名词直接在词尾加swomens room/Childrens Day表示共有在最后一个主语后加sLily and Lucys room/Tom and Tims father表示各自拥有在每个主语后加sLily and Lucys bikes/Tom and Tims toys表示无生命名词+of+名词the picture of my family/the capital of ChinaExercise 语法练习一用所给词的适当形式填空1. March 8th is _(woman) Day.2. June 1st is_(children) Day.3. Its an

10、 _(hour) walk from my home to school.4. Taking twenty_(minute) walk every day is good for your health.5. Children have three _(month) holiday in a year.二用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. (father) _ watch 4. my (parents) _car2. (mother)_ chair 5. all the (children)_books3. (Paul)_books三读一读，圈出错误的单词，并把正确的句子写在横线上。1 The

11、 girls bag is under the chair._2 Theres a cup tea._3Toms and Lilys mother is a nurse._4 This is the photo of my familys_5 September 10th is Teachers Day._四用所给的名词所有格形式替换句中划线部分。1. the children _2. Henry_3. Jane and Joe_4. Mrs. Wilson_5. the girl_6. the students_7. the lawyer_8. the girl_Unit3 Personal

12、 Pronouns 人称代词1. 人称代词是指为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人或物等的代词，I, you, he, she, it, they等，相当于中文的我，你，他，她，它，他们等。This is Peter. Peter is a boy. 变为 This is Peter. He is a boy. (人称代词He代替第二次提到的Peter)2. 人称代词分为主格和宾格，都有第一人称，第二人称，第三人称三种人称和单复数的变化。3. 人称代词的用法（1） 人称代词主格作主语。This is my father. He is a policeman. 这是我的爸爸，它是一名警察。（2）

13、 人称代词宾格作动词宾语。She is a kind teacher and we like her very much. 她是一位善良的老师，我们都很喜欢她。（3） 人称代词宾格作介词宾语。I have a gift for you. 我有个礼物送给你。（4） 人称代词宾格作表语。Who is it? Its me. 谁啊？是我。4. it的用法（1） 表示时间，天气，距离。It is five oclock now. 现在是五点。It is cold today. 今天天气很冷It is five miles from my home to school. 我家到学校有5英里远。（2） 表

14、示婴儿，动物或不明身份，不确定的人。It is a cute baby. 宝宝真可爱Who is knocking at the door? Its me. 谁在敲门？是我。（3） 代替前面提到过的事物。Where is the Eiffel Tower? 埃菲尔铁塔在哪儿？It is in France. 在法国。单数复数主格第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey我你他/她/它我们你们他们宾格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem我你他/她/它我们你们他们Exercise 语法练习一选择正确的人称代词填空，并朗读。I you h

15、e she it we they 1. a girl_ 5. Four dogs _ 2. a pencil_ 6. Jack_ 3. Emma and I _ 7. Linda_ 4. you and your mother _二读一读，选择正确的人称代词填空。 1. Dont ask _any question. (she, her) 2. He speaks English to_. (we, us) 3. Its too dark. I cant see_. (he, him) 4. _have two brothers. (I, Me) 5. _want to see a movie

16、 tomorrow. (Them, They)三读一读，圈出错误的单词，并把正确的句子写在横线上。 1. This is a ruler. They is blue. _ 2. Its 12 oclock. You am hungry. _ 3. Dot is a dog. We is black and white. _ 4. My brother is a driver. She is tall. _ 5. Whats the weather like? He is snowy. _四读一读，圈出文章中的人称代词。I am Peter. I am 8 years old. I have a

17、 happy family. This is my father. He is a doctor. This is my mother. She is a teacher. We have a pet. It is a cat. Look at this boy. He is Bill. We are in the same class. We are good friends.Grammar Show语法成果展示说说你的家庭和朋友，写一写。_am_. _am_ years old. _ have a happy family. This is my father. _is a _. This

18、 is my mother. _is a _. _ have a pet. _is a _. Look at this_. _is _. _are in the same class. _are good friends.Unit4 Possessive Pronouns 物主代词Grammar box 语法宝盒1. 物主代词是表示所属关系的代词，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。This is my book. 变为 This book is mine.(句中的my是形容词性物主代词，在句中做定语，放在名词book前。Mine 是名词性物主代词，在句中做表语，相当于my book。)2.

19、 物主代词的用法（1） 形容词性物主代词只能作定语。These are your books. Ours are on the desk.这是我的/你的/他的/她的排球。（2） 名词性物主代词相当于名词，在句中可用作主语。These are your books. Ours are on the desk.这些是你们的书，我们的在桌上。（3） 形容词性物主代词相当于名词，在句中可表表语。This cup is yours. Where is mine?这个杯子是你的，我的呢？（4） 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词，后面不能再跟名词。Your skirt is pink. Hers is

20、 red.你的裙子是粉色的，她的是红色的。单数复数形容词性物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称Myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir我的你的他的/她的/它的我们的你们的他们的/她们的/它们的名词性物主代词mineyourshis/her/itsoursyourstheirs我的你的他的/她的/它的我们的你们的他们的/它们的/她们的Exercise 语法练习一按要求写出下列各词1. It _(形容词性物主代词)2. Her_（名词性物主代词）3. My _（名词性物主代词）4. We _(形容词性物主代词)5. Yours _(形容词性物主代词)二读一读，

21、选择正确的代词填空。1. These are _books. (our, ours)2. What is _favorite food.? (yours, your)3. This is _coat. (my, mine)4. My hair is red. _is yellow. (Hers, Her)5. This black dog is _. ( their, theirs)三 读一读，圈出错误的代词，并把正确的句子写在横线上。1. You shoes are blue._2.Hes favorite fruit is apple._3. Jenny is I classmate._4

22、. Who is you teacher?_5. Tony has a cat. It name is Mimi._四判断下列句子正误，正确的画对号，错误的画错号。1. He is mine friend. ( ) He is a friend of mine. ( )2.My father is a doctor. ( ) Mine father is a doctor. ( )3. This is my watch. ( )This is mine watch. ( )4. Whats yours name? ( )Whats your name? ( )5. This book is h

23、ers. ( )This book is her. ( )Grammar Show语法成果展示This is _mother, _ is a teacher. _ likes _job very much. _works hard. _ favorite sport is swimming. This beautiful bathing suit is _. She always helps _ study _ and play the piano. _mother loves me very much and _ love my mother, too.Unit5 Reflexive Pro

24、nounsGrammar box 语法宝盒1. 反身代词是表示反射或强调的代词。反射代词与它所指的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称，数上保持一致。2. 代词的构成（1） 第一人称，第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主词+self/selves”构成。e.g. I-myself we-ourselves you-yourself you-yourselves (2) 第三人称的反身代词由“人称代词的宾格+self/selves”构成。e.g. he-himself she-herself it-itself they-themselves3.反身代词的用法 (1)作动词宾语，主语，宾语为同一人。An

25、dy hurt himself while riding the bike. 安迪在骑自行车时伤了自己。 (2)作介词宾语。You must take care of yourself. 你一定要照顾自己。 (3)作同位语，加强语气。Lucy herself cooked dinner today. 露西今天自己做了晚餐。 (4)作表语。Im not myself today. 我今天不舒服。 (5)放在动词或介词后构成短语。I can do it by myself. 我可以自己做这件事情。4.由反身代词构成的常用短语。by oneself 亲自 for oneself 为自己 teach

26、oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 help oneself 随便吃 seat oneself 就座单数复数反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves我自己你自己他自己/她自己/它自己我们自己你们自己他们自己Exercise 语法练习一 写出下列代词的反身代词形式。1.my _ 4. they _2.our _ 5. it_3.he _二 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Its very easy. Lucy can do it a

27、ll by _. (she)2. Peter! Help _ to some fruit. (you)3. This book is _. (I)4. In the evening, Tom does _homework. (he)5. Please help _to some fish, children. (you)三 用反身代词完成下列句子。1. You should be proud of _.2. The little boy can not take care of _.3. He sometimes talks to _ in his sleep.4. They enjoyed

28、_on their trip to the country.5. The girl fell down and hurt _.四 选择填空。( )1. No one helped Millie. She did it all by _.A. myself B. herself C. himself D. yourself( )2. What a lovely card! Where did you buy it? I made it by _.A. me B. himself C. myself D. itself( )3. As we all have grown up, we should

29、 learn to look after _.A. ourselves B. us C. myself D. me( )4. The skirt is _. She made it _.A. hers; herself B. her; herself C. herself; hers D. herself; her( )5. I teach _ Japanese at home.A. teach B. myself C. your D. yourselfGrammar Show语法成果展示参照例句，用完整的句子回答问题。1. Does the cat take care of itself?_

30、2. Do you cook for yourselves in the evening?_3. Does she like to walk by herself in the park?_4. Did they come by themselves?_5. Do you like to go to the movies by yourself?_Unit6 Demonstrative Pronouns 指示代词1. 指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，包括this（这个），that（那个），these(这些)，those（那些）。2. 指示代词的用法。(1)指示代词有单数(this, t

31、hat)和复数（these, those）两种形式。在意义上，this, these表示近指； that, those表示远指。I want this book, not that one. 我想要这本书，不是那本。(2)this, that 用来代替刚提到过的人，物，或刚发生的事情。I didnt finish homework. This made my mother angry.我没有完成作业，这让妈妈很生气。(3)this, that还可以指在电话中交谈的双方。Hello, this is Susan. Who is that speaking? 你好，我是苏珊。你是哪位？(4) 指示

32、代词在句中作主语，宾语和定语。a. This is a chair. 这是一把椅子。b. I like that. 我喜欢那个。c. These flowers look beautiful. 这些花看起来很漂亮。(5) 在含有指示代词的疑问句中，回答要用it和they代替。Whats this/that? Its a skirt. 这/那是什么？What are these/those? They are pears.这些/那些是什么?这些/那些是梨。指示代词意思意义用法this这个近指谓语动词用单数形式these这些近指谓语动词用复数形式that那个远指谓语动词用单数形式those那些远指

33、谓语动词用复数形式Exercise 语法练习一. 用this is或者these are 填空，并读一读。 1._my skirt, 2._my house. 3._Tonis lunchbox. 4._his hat. 5._Lisas gloves.二用That is或者those are填空，并读一读。1._your water bottle.2._my pants.3._a beautiful painting.4._my brothers pens.5._the new staplers.三选择正确的词填空，并读一读。1. Hi, Jenny. This is my _.2. Loo

34、k at the picture. That is an _in the garden.3. These are _.4. Those are new _. They are nice.5. Thats an _.A. apple tree B. shoes C. brother D. my boxes E. old movie四写出对应的句子，并朗读。e.g. This is my chair. 变为 That is my chair.1. _ 变为 Those are my teachers pins.2. These are my classmates sticker. 变为 _.3. _ 变为 That is Joeys toy car.4. These are my gloves. 变为 _5. _变为 That is