2022年虚拟语气练习题及答案.docx

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1、2022年虚拟语气练习题及答案 篇一：虚拟语气讲解及练习题 虚拟语气讲解与练习 黄志刚2022.10. 一. 简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件，不肯定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特别形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气 在什么状况下用虚拟语气?在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的状况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种剧烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是依据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真

2、实条件状语从句 真：eg . If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus. 假如他不快点，他将错过巴士。（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 假如他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真：eg. If I were you, I would go at once.假如我是你，我立刻就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 假如没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法及动

3、词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的状况，例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不行能是你）2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 假如我知道他的电话号码，我就会告知你。（事实：不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 假如没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。4.If I had any money with me, I could

4、lend you some. 假如我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.假如他再努力些，就能通过了。（事实：没有努力 2、表示与过去事实相反的状况 例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 假如我早到那 儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 假如他听我的劝说的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（

5、事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来状况的主观推想 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 假如他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小）2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 假如下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 假如她下周一

6、来这儿的话，我就会告知她这件事的始末。在表示建议、吩咐、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，should动词原形构成，should 可省略。 4、 有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 假如我在学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 假如他们通

7、知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了，从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 假如他今日有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他相识她的话，他确定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的状况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的状况相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much bet

8、ter. 假如天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他始终努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。 5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she wo

9、uld agree with us. 假如她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 假如她懂一些电脑学问的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数状况下， 条件会暗含在短语中，如without?., but for?.等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without

10、 your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种剧烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该 完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应

11、当能通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法 1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done二吩咐三建议四要求中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 He suggested

12、 that we take the teachers adviceHe insisted that we take the teachers adviceHe demand that we take the teachers adviceHe ordered that we take the teachers advice注：insist假如翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能运用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“示意”则不用

13、虚拟语气。如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担忧。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。表心情.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising.funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。句型：It is.that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。 2、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚

14、拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。 3、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形。如：We will f

15、inish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式 ，主句结构不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may ha

16、ve made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能傲慢We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必需敬重他。 4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故运用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去 had + 过去分词；现在 过去时将来 过去时 如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了

17、这场电影。 Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿 5、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should g

18、o to work. 你早该上班了。 6、 简洁句中的虚拟语气（1） 说话时，为了表示客气、虚心、委婉而有礼貌，言语常运用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应当同意你的观点。（2） 表示“祝福”时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”。如： Ma

19、y you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。（3）表示剧烈的“愿望”、“祝福”时，常用动词原形。如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。（4） 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 提出恳求或邀请。如： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今日晚上来跟我们闲聊好吗？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？

20、 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很兴奋。I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。 提出劝说或建议。如：Youd better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应当先全面调查一番。 提出问题。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？Do you expect he would tell us t

21、he truth? 你期望他会告知我们真相吗？ 表示对过去状况的责怪时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如：You should have got here earlier. 你应当早就到这里了。You should have returned it to him. 你应当把它还给他了。练习以及解析1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have readB. had read C. should have read D. are r

22、eading 2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meetD. had come; would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should beB. would be C. have beenD. had been 4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Wi

23、lliams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long time. A. wasB. were C. has beenD. had been 6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for

24、two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I _ with you last night. A. wentB. could goC. have goneD. could have gone 8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel? A. will you B. should youC. would you D. do you 9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knewB.

25、 knowsC. has knownD. had known 10._ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because ofB. In spite of C. In case ofD. But for 11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it b

26、ack together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _ so busy then.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14.Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. m

27、ay fall behindD. would fallen behind 15.If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seenD. rained 16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. would C. do D. had 17.My father did not go to New York; the doc

28、tor suggested that he _ there.A. not wentB. wont go C. not go D. not to go 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. A. had hadB. have had C. had D. would have had 19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike? A. decided againstB. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against 20.Yo

29、u look so tired tonight. It is time you _. A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed 21.Why didnt you buy a new car? I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had 22.If she could sew, _. A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt 篇

30、二：虚拟语气练习题精选及 虚拟语气练习题精选 1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished 2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; toD. to be left; for 3. He is talking so much about Ame

31、rica as if he _ there. A. had been B. has beenC. wasD. has gone 4. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; setB. had done; should be set C. should do; be setD. had done; must be set 5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ . A. can; it B.

32、 /; /C. would; it D. may; / 6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the SARS soon. A. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent 8. It is important

33、that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protectC. shall protect D. are protecting 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would beD. would have been 10._ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there beC. There wil

34、l be D. There should be 11. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 12. Should it rain, the crops _. A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be saved D. had been saved 13. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A.

35、 would B. should have C. may D. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would beC. I was D. I were 15. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lentC. could lend D. may have lent 16. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught

36、 B. had caughtC. could have caughtD. were to catch 17. - “Have you ever been to Beijing?” - “No, but I wish I _” A. haveB. will C. do D. had 18. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _. A. I may have failedB. Id failC. Id have failedD. Ill have failed 19. - “What will you do during the summer

37、holiday?” - “I dont know, but its high time _ something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decidedD. I decide 20. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snowC. snow D. will snow 21. If only I _ my watch! A. hadnt lost B. havent lostC. didnt lostD. dont lose 22. You _ such a ser

38、ious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have madeD. might not have made 23. We _ the work on time without your help. A. hadnt had finished B. didnt have finished C. couldnt have finishedD. cant have finished 24. - “Where have you been?” - “I got cau

39、ght in traffic; otherwise _ sooner.” A. I would be here B. I have been hereC. I had been here D. I would have been here 25. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be 26Were it not for the snowy weather, we _ all right. A

40、. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 27. _ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been 28. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been ableC. were

41、not able D. are not able 29. If you asked your father, you _ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get 30. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 31. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was

42、B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 32.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 33. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ our chairman

43、now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 34. If you _ Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldnt contact B. didnt contact C. werent to contact D. hadnt contacted 35. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last

44、Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 36. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 37. If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years. A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won 38. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loudnoise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 39. The board deemed it urgent that these files _ right away.