机械工程专业英语(完整版）教案.pptx

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1、,机械工程专业英语,Specified,Engli,sh for Mechanical,Engineering,电子教,案,一、课程的性质,机械专业英语是为使学生能更好学习国内外先进机,电数控技术，紧跟制造业的先进发展方向而开设的一,门课程。是机械类专业必修的一门专业基础,课。该课,程简单介绍了材料、模具、液压、机电一,体化、先进,制造技术、数控等专业常识。重点培养机械及相关专,业学生能阅读掌握科技领域的英语表达方,式和常用词,汇及帮助学生了解机械工程高新技术的发,展情况。通,过本课程的教学，能够使学生在已有的英,语基础上进,一步提高听、说、读、写、译的能,力和在机械领域的,涉外英语交际能力。

2、,二、课程的作用,学习本门课程是为了更好地,帮助学生进一,步适应国际、国内专业发展的需要，提高直接,阅读原文和翻译有关专业,英语书刊的能力，学,习和借鉴国内外先进的机械制造技术，从而推,进我国机械行业和机械产品的快速发展。,三、课程的任务和基本要,求,通过本课程的学习使同学们在基础英语的学,习基,础上进一步掌握科技英语常用的翻译方法、技巧等，,学会科技论文、摘要及关键词的写作方法；掌握机械,类英语专业词汇及其用,法；能够阅读专业英语读物，,为专业的学习和提升服务。,预备知识：,本课程的教学应在完成,基础公共英语以及,相关机械专业课程教学之后开展。,目标体系,能,力,目,标,培,养,较,强,专,

3、业,阅,读,能,力,和,一,定,听,、,说,、,读,、,写,、,译,能力，使学生能用英语交,流专业信息,知,识,目,标,掌,握,语,音,、,语,法,、,词,汇,、,基本句型结构和行文结构；,掌握与机械、数控等专业,相关的词汇、句型、表达,方式,素,质,目,标,学握良好的语言学习方法，,培养自主学习能力，提,高,对专业英语的兴趣,四、课程内容,1、材料模具篇(包括热处理、焊接、模具成形、,铸造、锻造、冲压等),2、计算机数控篇(包括数控机床,、计算机数字,控制、计算机辅助设计、计,算机辅助制造等),3,、机械篇(包括钢的种类、机械零件、,车床、,切削刀具、液压、机电一体化、机器人等),重点,1、

4、掌握正确的语音、语,调，,词汇量的积累，语法结构,的系统性；,2、听说技巧、技能,的掌,握和运用；,3、全面阅读能力和技巧,4、应用文写作的技巧；,5、与专业相连接，介绍简,单实用的专业英语知识,难点,1、积累词汇时兴趣不,大，,方式不对；,2、学生张口难，听说的,常,用句式运用的不熟练；,3、专业英语与学生的生活,联系不紧密，难以引起学,生的兴趣,五、重点难点,六、,教学方法与手段,教学中应以学生为中心，引导学生,积极参与课堂,教学，使学生掌握学习策略，,适应自主学习，转变学,习角色，变被动为主动；适当的以学习、生,活、工作,情景为主线，突破教材的束缚，重构、有序的整合教,学内容；引入专业知

5、识，实现在真,实情境中学习和掌,握知识，最终提高英语能力,；应以培养学生综合应用,能力为重点，全面提高学,生的专业素质。,1、教师在课堂上应对机械工程的基本术语、原理进行必,要的讲授，并详细讲授每章的重点、难点内,容；,2、讲授中应注意理论联系实际，通过实物展示、实验等,方式启迪学生的思维，加深学生对有关概念、理论,等,内容的理解；,3,、应适当采用多媒体辅助教学，加大课堂授课的知识含,量；,4,、每个单元都应安排习题讲解讨论课，进行习题讲解之,前，教师应先向学生布置部分习题，讲解,讨论中，教,师应进行必要的提示并及时进行总,结；,5,、在主要章节讲授完之后,，要布置各章节的小结，旨在,加深学

6、生对所学知识的理解、运用，拓,宽学生的知识,面。,Unit,1,一、单词详解,1,、,ferrous,adj.,铁的，含铁的,M,etals ar,e divided,into ferrous and,non-ferrous metals.The former,contain,iron and the,lat,ter do,not contain,iron.,金属分为黑色金属和有,色金属。前者含铁，后者不含铁。,2,、,nonferro,us,Cold,rolling,is carried out at,room temperature.Usually,it,is,used for,the,s

7、ofter non-ferrous,metals.,冷轧在室温下进行，一般用于较软的有色金属,。,adj.,不含铁的，非铁的,Unit,1,3,、,element,n.,要素；元素,H,ydride:Inorganic compound of,hydrogen with another element.,氢化物：氢与另一种化学元素的无机化合,物。,4,、,tough,adj.,强硬的，坚韧的,P,ills formed from synthetic fibers of high breaking strength,remain,on,the,surface because they are t

8、oo strong and tough to,be abr,aded,aw,ay.,由高强度的合成纤维生成的纤维球会一直粘附在织物的表面,，这是因为,纤维的强度过高以至于不会因摩擦而掉落。,5,、,ductile,adj.,可延伸,的，可塑的，韧性的,A,line of c,ontinuously-applied ductile material,such as solder or,caulking,compound.,焊料可延伸、拉长的金属线，尤指焊料或粘,性添充物。,Unit,1,6,、,hardness,n.,硬度,A stone once believed to,be,impene,t

9、rable,in,its,hardness.,硬石，金刚石一种曾被认为在硬度上不可穿透的石头,。,7,、,rust,vt,.,使生锈；,vi.,生锈；,Iron,reacts w,ith water and air to,produce rust.,铁与水和空气起反应而,生锈。,n.,铁锈,“Rust consumes,iron,a,nd envy consumes,itself,”,铁锈腐蚀钢铁，妒忌伤害自身。,Unit,1,8,、,corrosion,n.,侵蚀，腐蚀状态,Th,e,presenc,e of contaminants,in the system can significan

10、tly affect the,corrosion resistance,and compatibility of many,metals,.,在系统内存在污染物会大大地影,响许多材料的抗腐蚀性和相容性。,9,、,brittle,adj.,易碎的，脆的,crazing,is the,invariable precursor of b,rittle fracture,出现小裂纹必然是脆性断裂的前,兆。,Unit,1,10,、,hammer,n.,锤，榔头；,v(i,t).,锤打(击，炼),锻(造),Hit the,nail w,ith the,hammer.,用锤子敲打钉子。,11,、,ducti

11、li,ty,n.,延展性，韧性,A metal,h,aving,high ductility,such as co,pper or soft,iron,will fail,or,brea,k,gradually as the,load,on,it,is,increased.,韧性很高的金属，例如铜或者熟铁，,随着载荷的增加，破坏或断,裂是逐渐进行的。,Unit,1,12,、,sustai,n,vt.,支,持，维持,13,、,excell,ent,adj.,优秀的，卓越的，杰出的,T,his pr,es,ervative,has given excellent performance as,a

12、tre,atment,fo,r,、,shock,Waterproof,shock-resistant,and,antimagneti,c.,防水、防震、防磁。,14,transmission poles,这种防腐剂作为通讯电杆的处理剂具有很好,的性能。,n.,打击，振动,Unit,1,二、难句解析,1,、,The,more carbon t,he steel contains and,the,quicker the,cooling,is,the,harder it,b,ecomes.,钢的含碳量越高，冷却速度越快，钢就变,得越硬。,句中的“,the,mo,re.,the,more.”,结构，表

13、示“越.,越.”。,本句中的比较状语从句为,“the,more,carbon the,steel,contain,and,the,quicker,the,cooling,is”,主句为,“the,harder,it,becomes”。,句中的第,一个“the”和第二个“the”均为副词，分别引出两个并列,的比较状,语从句。,Unit,1,2,、,Some,alloying,elements,(such,as,chromium,and tungsten)make,the,u,e,l,f,r,t,i,n,.,of,steel,一些合金元素(如铬、钨,)可细化钢的晶粒，使钢的强度和硬度,增加，因为晶

14、粒越细，强度越高。,句中“the fine,r the grain is,the,stronger,the,steel becomes”同样使用,了“the+,比较级.,the+,比较,级”结构来表示“越.,越.”。,句中,“thus increasing the hardnes,s and strength of steel,because the,finer the,grain,is,the,stronger the,st,eel becomes”,为现在分词短语作状语，,作伴随情况的说明。,3,、,Nodular iron is a variation of gray cast,iron

15、,and,has,a,mi,croscopic,structure that overcomes most of the limitations of gray,cast,iron.,球墨铸铁是灰铸铁的一个变种，它能够克服灰铸铁的,大部分缺陷。,becomes,strength,the steel,ness,and,e,ar,g,h,the,stro,sing,the,s,a,n,i,cre,a,n,he,g,r,thus,i,ne,r,ine,i,f,the,stee,s,of,eca,rain,Unit,1,三,、,阅读材料难句翻译,1,、,Metal,materials,have,som

16、e fun,damental,capabilities,such,as,hardness,strength,density,thermal conductivity and so on,.,金属材料具有某些基本性能，比如硬,度、强度、密度、韧性、导,热性等。,2,、,Due to,its good,plastici,ty and fluidity,the,plastic,can,not,only,be,u,sed,in,injection molding,but also be extru,ded or,cast,into,shapes.,由于其良好的可塑性和流动性，塑料不仅能注塑成型，还能挤

17、压,和浇铸成型。,Unit,1,3,、,Because of its,hi,gh elasticity and electric,insulation,rubber can,be,used,in making tires,shock absor,bers,airproof loops and electric,insulation.,橡胶因为具有高弹性和绝缘性，常被用,来制作轮胎、减震器、密,封圈和电绝缘材料。,4,、,Metal workparts are ordinarily,needed,heat-treating operations(su,c,h,as,normalizin,g,an

18、neal,temper and quencher)to enhance physical,properties of,materials.,金属工件通常需要热处理工序(如正火、退火、回火和淬火)来,提高其材料的物理特性。,Unit,1,5,、,The knowledge of mechanical properties,of m,aterials,is,very,essential,i,n order to construct a mechanically sound structure,such,as,a,bridge,o,n,the,river.,材料的力学性能方面的知识，对建造坚固的机械

19、结构(例如跨河,的桥梁)是极为重要的。,6,、,Strength or Mechanical Strength of a m,aterial,may,be,defined,as the,ability of the material to,sustain,loads without,undue distortion or failure,.,材料的强度或机械强度可定义为：材料能,随载荷而不过度变形或,断裂的能力。,Unit 2,一、单词详解,1,、,significant,adj.重要的,A sig,nificant cause of,mismanagement,is the granting

20、 of,authority,without,It,is easy to demonstrate,that the addition of inorganic fertilizers,makes,rapid,exacting,responsibility,管理不善的一个重要原因是只授予职权而不给明,确责任。,有效的,and significant,improvements,in cr,op yields.,加入无机肥料迅速有效地增加作物产量，,这一点很容易,证实。,Unit 2,2,、,ultimate,adj.最终的,In,creased coagulant dosage results,in

21、 greater sludge,yield for,ultimate,disposal.,增加凝聚剂用量会增大最后处理的污泥量。,首要的，主要的,The ultimate goal of a simulation is to,approximate,chamber,press,ure,so,as,to,detect and define the source of undesir,ed,pressure variation.,模拟的主要目标是在接近室压下探测和,确定不希望有的压力变化的来,源。,Unit,2,3,、,predictabl,e,Rules of o,rigin should be

22、 objective,understandable and,predictable.,原产地规则应是客观的、可理解的和,可预测的,4,、,initial,adj.,开始的，最初,的,To dwindle away to,nothing after an,initial display of streng,th.,龙头蛇尾。,This,is the reason why automotive engineers say that,i,nitial starting,and,warm-up of the engine,is,hardest on the engine a,nd wears,it t

23、he,most.,由于这个原因，汽车工程师们说发动机最初的启动和预热是很难对付的,，,并会使发动机受到最大的损坏。,adj,.,可预(示，测，,报)言的,Unit,2,5,、,process,n.过程，程序，工艺过程，方法,Glasses and contact lense,s do not,interfere with,the,scanning,process,and it takes,only,a,brief moment,一般眼镜与隐形眼镜都不会干扰扫描过程，而且扫描仅,需短暂的,时间。,6,、,incorporation,n.结合，联合，合并，包含,，掺入,T,he,incorpora

24、t,ion of preservative components,in the adhesive,is virt,ual,l,y,公,司,To obtain this charter,the organizers of,the corporation submit,an,application called the articles of incorporation,.,为获得该执照，公司的创建人需提交申请,，称,为公司章程。,the only,relistic method for treating,chipboard,把这种防腐剂化合物混合到胶粘剂中对于处理碎料板是唯一有效,的实用方法。,

25、Unit,2,7,、,encompass,vt.,包含，包括,The nutrients in foods include the,energy,nutrients-carbohydrates,f,ats,and proteins.They also encompass the minerals,and,vitamins.,食物中的营养素包括能量营养,素碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质，也,包括矿物质和维生素,。,Ra,cial,harmony should encompass three main factors:mutual respe,ct,social,harmony and good pub

26、lic,security.,种族和睦应该拥有三要素：相互尊,重、社会生活协调、良好的社会治,安环境。,8,、,suitable,adj.,适当的，适合的,Use a suitable,hand truck designed for cyl,inder movement.Do,not,drag,roll,or slide containers on their si,des,。,使用设计用于钢瓶搬运的合适的手推车。禁止拖拉、旋转或,滑动容,器。,Unit,2,9,、,piece,n.工件，零件，,一块,He stabbed a,pie,ce of meat from the,plate with

27、,his fork.,他用叉子从盘子里叉起一块,肉。,10,、,regula,r,adj.有规律的，定期的,，定时的,He,leads a,re,gular,life.,他过着有规律的生活。,均匀的；整齐的；对称的,His,nose,is,regular,.,他的鼻子很匀称。,Unit,2,11,、,homogeneous,adj,.同性质的,，同类的,They are,homogeneous,people.,他们是同类人。,12、in most,cases,在大多数情况下,in some,cases,有些情况下，有时,in,any,cases,无论如何,in case(of),以防，万一,T

28、ake,my,umbrella,in,case,it,rains,。,带上伞以防下雨。,Unit,2,13,、,elevat,e,vt.举起，提高,He elevated the,blinds.,他拉起了百叶窗。,提升,He was elevate,d.,他受到提拔。,鼓舞，使更有修养,The good news,elevated,everyones,spirits.,这个好消息鼓舞了每,个人的情绪。,Unit,2,14,、,absorption,吸收，;吸收过程；吸收作用,They work on a principle,of,h,eat,absorption.,他们研究吸热的原理。,专注，

29、专心致志,Complete absorption,in sports interfered with his,studies.,专注于运动妨碍了他的学,业。,15,、,diffusion,n.扩散；散布；弥漫,equation of convective diffusion,对流扩散方程,Unit,2,16,、,subsequently,sub-,下+,sequentl,y,连续地，相继地,adv.其后，随后，接着,Brooke,was arrested and,subsequently sentenced to five yearsimprisonment.,布鲁克被逮捕，其后被判五年监禁。

30、,Unit 2,二、难句解析,1,、,Tempering of steel,is a,process,i,n which,previously,hardened or,normalized steel is heated to a temperature,below,the,transformation,r,ange and cooled at a suitable rate,primarily to,increase,ductili,ty,and,toughness.,钢的回火是将淬火或正火后的钢加热到相变温度以下某一温度，,并以适当的速度冷却，其目的主,要是为了提高钢的塑性和韧性的,一种(

31、热处理)工艺。,句中“which”引导的是定语从句，修饰,“,a,process”,。,2,、,Annealing,may,be,carried,out,either to,soften,a work,piece,tha,t,is,too,hard to machine or to remachine a work,piece that,has,already,been,harden,ed.,若工件过硬，无法机加工，或是要重新机加工已经淬硬的工件，,这时可进行退火以使钢材软化,。,不定式短语“,either,to soften.or to remachine.”,在句中作目的,状语。,Unit

32、,2,3,、,Low,carbon ste,els,do,not,become,hard,when,subjected,to,such,a,heat,treatment,because of the small amo,unt of carbon,contained.,低碳钢由于含碳量低，因此在,经受这种热处理时材质不会变硬。,“when subjected,to.”,是,“when,it,is,subjected,to”,的省略,形式。,4,、,If it,is,necessary to obtain,a,hard surface,on,a,part,made,of such,steel,s

33、urface-,hardening operation must be carried,out.,如欲在低碳钢制成的零件表面获,得硬的表面层，就必须进行表面硬,化处理。,“If it,is,necessary to obtain a,hard surface on,a,part,made,of such,steel”中“it”是形式主语，“,to,obtain,a,ha,rd,surface,on,a,part,made,of,such steel”是真正的主语。,“made,of s,uch,steel”,是,“a,part”,的后置定语。,Unit,2,三,、,阅读材料难句翻译,1,、,T

34、here are three solid,solutions,of i,mportance,-ferrite,austenite(y),and ferrite()and one intermetallic compoundcementite(Fe3C).,有三种重要的固溶体：-,铁素体，奥氏体，-铁素体，还有一种金,属间化合物渗碳体。,2,、,The dividing point between steels and,cast,irons,is 2.11%C,or where,the eutectic,reaction,becomes,possible.,钢和铸铁的分界点是在含碳量2.11%处

35、，或是在共晶反应可能发生,的点上。,Unit 2,3,、,Bainite,is a,nonlamellar mixture of ferrite and cementi,te obtained,by,transformation of austenite at a,large undercoolin,g.,贝氏体是一种非片状的铁素体和渗碳体的混合物，它,可以在较大过,冷度条件下由奥氏体转变而得。,4,、,Tempered martensite,a mi,xture of very fine cementite,in ferrite,forms when martensite,is,reheat

36、ed following,its formation.,回火马氏体，是细小渗碳体分布在铁素体上的混,合物，只有当马,氏体被重新加热后才会形成回火马氏体。,Unit 2,5,、,The A3 shows the temperature at which ferrite starts to form on,cooling;the Acm shows the temperature at which cementite st,arts to,form;and the A1,is the eutectoid,temperature.,A3,线表示冷却过程中铁素体开始形成的温度；,Acm,线表,示渗碳体

37、开,始形成的温度；,A1,线是共析反应发生的温度。,Unit,3,一、单词详解,1,、,join,vt.&vi.连接，接合；,使结合,Parallel,lines are,lines that,never join.,平行线是永不相交的线。,T,o join these two,pieces of metal,it will be,necessary to,heat them.,要把这两块金属接合起来，,就要将它们加热。,加入，参加，同.一起做某事,He was eighteen year,s old when he joined the army.,他18岁参军。,John,joined a

38、 footballclu,b a few days ago.,约翰几天前加入了一个足,球俱乐部。,Unit,3,adj.,强烈的，剧烈的；激烈的,Flashtube,also flash tube:a gas discharge tube used in,an,electronic,flash,to,3,、,molten,Bessemer process:a method for mak,ing steel,by,blasting compressed,air,produce a brief,intense flash,of,light,.,闪光管：一种用于在电子闪光时产生短暂而强烈的光束的气

39、体,释放管。,intense competition,激烈的竞争,through,molten,iron to,burn out excess carbon and,impurities.,贝塞麦炼钢法：吹入压缩空气通过熔融的钢铁以燃尽多余的,碳和杂质的,一种炼钢方法。,2,、,intense,adj.,熔化的，熔融的,Un,it,3,、,pass,throu,gh,经历，遭受,globular,球面投影法,globular,proteins,球蛋白,4,经过，通过,A diameter passes through the center of a,ci,rcle.,直径从圆心穿过。,adj.

40、球状的，由小球,形成的,globular projection,Unit,3,6,、,fuse,vt.&vi.熔化，融合,The wax from the two candles,fused as they,burned.,两根蜡烛上的蜡燃烧时熔化在一起,。,n.保险丝，熔丝,Your fuse,has blown because you have,overloaded the,circuit.,你的保险丝烧断了，因为你让线路超过了负荷。,7,、,gas,n.气体,Fluid,includes,both gasses,and,liquids.,流体包括气体和液体。,煤,气,Unit,3,8,、

41、,gas welding,气,焊,9,、,release,vt.释放；放开,They released the,prisoners.,他们释放了俘虏。,He,released,her arm.,他放开了她的手臂。,n.释放，排放，解除,After my examination,I had,a feeling,o,f,release.,考完试后我有如释重负之感。,Unit,3,10,、,fuel,n.,燃料,Soot,is,usually th,e,product of the,imperfect combustion of fuel.,煤烟通常是燃料不完全燃烧的产物。,Clean fuel:F

42、uel that causes little or,no,pollut,ion.,清洁燃料：几乎或者完全不产生污染的燃料,。,vt.,给.加燃料，给.加油,They are fueling a car with,petrol.,他们正在给汽车加汽油。,11,、,Oxygen,n.化氧，氧气,No,living th,ings can,live without oxygen.,没有氧生物就无法生存。,Unit,3,12,、,burn,vt.&vi.(使燃料,)燃烧,The fire burnt the,grass,quickly.,大火很快把草烧着了。,“Old wood,is,best to,

43、burn,old,h,orse to,ride”,旧柴好烧，老马好骑,烧毁，烧坏,The house,burnt years,ago.,这栋房子多年前被烧毁,。,13,、,mixture,n.混合物；混合状态,Air is a mixture,not,a,compound,of gases.,空气是气体的混合物，不是化合物。,U,nit,3,14,、,tank,n.油水箱，罐，槽,There,is still some gasoline,left,in the,tank.,油箱里还剩下一些汽油。,坦克,15,、,ordinar,y,ad,j,.普通的，平常的；,平庸的，平淡的,That is

44、only,an,ordi,nary,incident.,这只不过是日常小事。,Unit,3,16,、,outstandin,g,adj.,突出的；显著的,；出众的,She,is a,painter outstanding for her landscapes,.,她是一位以风景画而出名的,画家。,17,、,portable,adj.,便于携带的；手提式的；轻便的,a,portable test,instrument,便携式测试仪器,The portable,instrument must combine sensitivity with,lightweight and,the ability

45、to resist shock,a,nd,moisture.,可携式仪器应综合下列性能：足够,灵敏，重量轻，防震，防潮。,Unit,3,、,inefficie,nt,19,、,concentrat,e,vt.&vi.专心于；注意,I cant concentrate when,I,m,hungry.,我饿了就无法集中精力,。,聚集,A convex lens is,used,to,concentrate,rays,of,light.,凸透镜用于聚集光线。,浓缩,concentrate,on,(,upon,),集中在，专心于,18,adj.效率低的,【反义词】,efficien,t,高效的,Un

46、it,3,二、难句解析,1,、,Sp,ot welding,is,usually done on sheet metal,up to about,3mm,thick,but sometimes even on thicker m,etals.,点焊通常用于焊接厚度,不超过,3,mm,的金属薄板，但有时也可焊,接稍厚一些的金属板。,句,中“but sometimes,even,on,thicker,metals”为省略句，全句为,“but somet,imes,it,is even on thicker metals”,。,Unit,3,2,、,Basically all that,is,nee

47、ded,is,a,torch,hose,regulators,and,cylinders,o,f,基本上所需的全部东西就是焊炬、软管、调压器、乙炔瓶和氧气,瓶，所有的这些部件体积都很小，又很轻,便。,句中,“all these components being small,portable items”,相当于,“and,all,these,components,are,small,portable,items”,。是带有自己逻辑主语,的现在分词短语。,acetylene and oxygen,all these components bein,g small,portable,items.,

48、Unit,3,3,、,Another advantage of the gas-shielded arc,is that a,neater and,s,ounder weld can,be made because there,is very,little s,moke,fumes,or,sparks to,contend with.,气体保护电弧焊的另一个优点是焊接时由于产生的烟雾火花少，,因而能得到较为整洁的牢固的焊缝。,句中,“that”,引导表语从句；“to contend with”中“with”的宾语为,此不定式所修饰的名词smoke、fumes、or sparks,为防止重复，因

49、此,将,“with”,后的宾语省略。,Unit,3,三,、,阅读材料难句翻译,1,、,There are many casting proces,ses available today,and,selecting the,best one to,produce a,particular,part depends on,several,basic factors,such as cost,size,pr,oduction rate,finish,tolerance,section thickness,physical-mechanical pro,perties,intricacy of des

50、ign,machinability,and,weldability.,目前，有许多铸造方法，对特定铸件所选择的最好的铸造,方法，,取决于几个基本因素，比如成本、尺寸、,生产率、光洁度(我国标准,名词术语现称作表面粗糙,度)、公差、截面厚度、物理化学特性、,设计难度、可加工性和可焊性等。,Unit,3,2,、,Sand casting,is best s,uited for iron,and steel,at,their,high,melting,temperatur,es but also predominates for aluminum,brass,bronze,and,magnesium