ASME+PALD-2009+便携式自动提升装置的安全标准.docx

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1、ASME PALD-2009(Revision of ASME PALD-2005)Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting DevicesA N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D-,-,-,-,-INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME PALD-2009(Revision of ASME PALD-2005)-,-,-Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NA TI

2、ONAL S T AND ARD Date of Issuance: May 21, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2012. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are publis

3、hed on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. Th

4、e Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional p

5、ublic input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any it

6、ems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rig

7、hts, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only

8、those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior writt

9、en permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.iiiCONTENTS-,-,-Foreword . Committee Roster . Preface . Summary of Changes . v vi vi

10、i ixIntroduction . 1General Requirements . 3Part 1Hydraulic Hand Jacks . 5Part 2Transmission Jacks . 9Part 3Engine Stands . 13Part 4Vehicle Support Stands. 16Part 5Emergency Tire Changing Jacks . 20Part 6Upright-Type Mobile Lifts . 25Part 7Service Jacks. 27Part 8Wheel Dollies . 32Part 9Shop Cranes .

11、 35Part 10Swing-Type Mobile Lifts . 38Part 11Scissors-Type Mobile Lifts . 40Part 12Auxiliary Stands . 42Part 13Automotive Ramps . 44Part 14High-Reach Supplementary Stands . 48Part 15Forklift Jacks . 51Part 16High-Reach Fixed Stands . 53Part 17Vehicle Transport Lifts . 57Part 18Attachments, Adapters,

12、 and Accessories . 61Figures1-1Typical Single-Stage Hydraulic Hand Jack . 61-2Typical Wheeled Pneumatic/Hydraulic Hand Jack . 71-3Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Hand Jack . 71-4Typical Multiple-Stage Hydraulic Hand Jack . 82-1Typical Hydraulic Transmission Jack . 102-2Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Transm

13、ission Jacks . 113-1Typical “T”-Style Single-Post Engine Stand . 143-2Typical “H”-Style Single-Post Engine Stand . 143-3Typical Twin-Post Engine Stand . 144-1Typical Vehicle Support Stands . 174-2Horizontal Dimensions and Vertical Heights for Stability Considerations . 184-3Application of Load for O

14、ff-Center Load Test . 194-4Application of Load for Centered Load Test . 195-1 Typical Screw Jack205-2 Typical Bumper Jack215-3 Typical Scissors Jack215-4 Typical Frame Jack225-5 Stability Test Compound Slope (Down Grade)245-6 Stability Test Compound Slope (Up Grade)246-1 Typical Upright-Type Mobile

15、Lift257-1 Typical Hydraulic Service Jacks287-2 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Service Jacks297-3 Saddle Periphery Limits307-4 Saddle Periphery Test308-1 Typical Wheel Dollies339-1 Typical Shop Cranes3610-1 Typical Swing-Type Mobile Lift3811-1 Typical Scissors-Type Mobile Lift4012-1 Typical Auxiliary St

16、ands4212-2 Application of Load for Proof Load Test4313-1 Typical Automotive Ramps4513-2 Typical Test Area for Off-Center Load Test4613-3 Typical Test Area for Proof Load Test4714-1 Typical High-Reach Supplementary Stands4814-2 Stability4914-3 Proof Load Test5015-1 Typical Forklift Jack5116-1 Typical

17、 High-Reach Fixed Stand Saw Horse Type5416-2 Typical High-Reach Fixed Stand Tripod Type5516-3 Application of Load for Off-Center Load Test5616-4 Application of Load for Centered Load Test5617-1 Typical Vehicle Transport Lifts58Mandatory AppendixIReferences63Nonmandatory AppendixAMetric Units Convers

18、ions64FOREWORDThis ASME Standard, Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting Devices, has been developed under the procedures for ASME Codes and Standards development committees. This Standard had its beginning in June 1979 when the Jack Institute addressed the B30 Committee on Cableways, Crane

19、s, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings. The Jack Institute requested the B30 Committee either to develop a standard for automotive jacks or to include this equipment as part of the revision of B30.1, Jacks. The B30 Committee declined this request.As a result, the Jack Institute petitioned ANS

20、I in July 1979 for the formation of a committee to promulgate safety and/or performance standards for portable automotive lifting devices, requesting the designation of ASME as sponsor of the project.In September 1979, ASMEs Policy Board, Codes and Standards, approved sponsorship of the committee to

21、 operate under the procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. A nominating committee was appointed to recommend a proposed membership to the ASME Safety Codes and Standards Committee for approval. The membership was approved at the beginning of May 1980.The inaugural meeting of the ASME Co

22、mmittee on Portable Automotive Lifting Devices (PALD) was held in July 1980. The committee determined that the format of this Standard would be such that separate volumes, each complete as to design, marking, identification, testing, operation, inspection, and maintenance, would cover the different

23、types of equipment included in the PALD scope. In the 1993 edition the various volumes were combined into one Standard with common requirements in one place and the information that is specific to a particular type of equipment set out in succeeding Parts. This allowed for greater consistency in req

24、uirements and eliminated redundancy.The 1997 edition was a further revision and consolidation of the 1993 edition and includes a Part covering automotive ramps.The 2003 edition is a revision of the 1997 edition, and includes a Part covering forklift jacks. This Standard presents a coordinated set of

25、 rules that may serve as a guide to manufacturers, to government and other regulatory bodies, to municipal authorities, and to commercial users responsible for the inspection, maintenance, and instruction in the use of the equipment fallingwithin its scope.This edition of the Standard, which was app

26、roved by the ASME Committee on Portable Automotive Lifting Devices and by ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on September 19, 2005.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public health and safety. Revisions result from committee consideration of fac

27、tors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmental and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate. ASME PALD-2009 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on-,-,-November 13, 2009.ASME PALD COMMITTEEPortable Automotive Liftin

28、g Devices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSD. A. Alexander, ChairR. D. Claypool, Vice ChairT. W. Schellens, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELD. A. Alexander, Alexander Professional ServicesR. D. Claypool, Shinn Fu

29、 Co. of America, Inc.V. Fletcher, Blitz USAE. R. Garrastacho, Rally Manufacturing, Inc.K. S. Guerra, Sears Holdings Corp.V. J. Hakim, General Motors Vehicle Structure and Safety IntegrationF. G. Heath, Heath & AssociatesR. Joos, SPX Corp.J. Barrios, Alternate, SPX Corp.G. A. Kattleman, Parker Servic

30、es/Sentry InsuranceS. McKee, Gray Manufacturing Co., Inc.D. J. Renard, Allied InternationalS. A. Sargent, Consumer Testing Laboratories, Inc.J. Willis, Alternate, Consumer Testing Laboratories, Inc.T. W. Schellens, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersD. W. Soos, IntertekPREFACEGENERALThis St

31、andard is one of many safety standards on various subjects that have been formulated under the general auspices of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). One purpose of the Standard is to serve as a guide to governmental authorities having jurisdiction over subjects within the scope of

32、 the Standard. It is expected, however, that the Standard will find a major application in industry, serving as a guide to manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, and operators of the equipment. If adopted for governmental use, the references to other national standards in this Standard may be changed

33、 to refer to the corresponding regula- tions of the governmental authorities.The use of portable automotive lifting devices is sub- ject to certain hazards that cannot be precluded by mechanical means, but only by the exercise of intelli- gence, care, and common sense. It is therefore essential to h

34、ave personnel involved in the use and operation of equipment who are careful, competent, trained, and qualified in the safe operation of the equipment and its proper use when servicing motor vehicles and their components. Examples of hazards are dropping, tipping, or slipping of motor vehicles or th

35、eir components caused primarily by improperly securing loads, overloading, off-centered loads, use on other than hard level surfaces, and using equipment for a purpose for which it was not designed.The PALD Committee fully realizes the importance of proper size, strength, and stability as safety fac

36、tors in the design of this equipment. This equipment is used on various motor vehicles and their components under variable working conditions. These conditions have been considered to provide safety and flexibility in its use. The requirements given in this Standard must be interpreted accordingly a

37、nd judgment should be used in determining their application.MANDATORY AND ADVISORY RULESMandatory rules of this Standard are characterized by use of the word shall. If a provision is of an advisory nature, it is indicated by use of the word should and is a recommendation to be considered, the advisa

38、bility of which depends on the facts in each situation.SI (METRIC) CONVERSIONSThis Standard contains SI (metric) units as well as customary units. The values stated in U.S. Customaryunits are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units in the text have been directly (soft) converted from the custom

39、ary units.PROPOSING REVISIONSComments on the Standards requirements and sug- gestions for its improvement, based on experience in the application of the rules, may be sent to the PALD Committee.Suggestions for changes to the Standard should be submitted to the Secretary of the Committee on Portable

40、Automotive Lifting Devices, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, and should be in accordance with the following format:(a) cite the specific part or section and paragraph designation(b) indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion, revision, etc.)(c) briefly state the reason or evidence for the sug- gested change(d) submit suggested