项目管理指导手册.pdf

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1、 m START m CHAPTER 7 m CONTENTS m CHAPTER 8 m LIST OF FIGURES m CHAPTER 9 m PREFACE m CHAPTER 10 m CHAPTER 1 m CHAPTER 11 m CHAPTER 2 m CHAPTER 12 m CHAPTER 3 m APPENDICES m CHAPTER 4 m GLOSSARY m CHAPTER 5 m INDEX m CHAPTER 6 EXITA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)A Guide t

2、o theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)2000 EditionProject Management InstituteNewtown Square,Pennsylvania USAA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLELibrary of

3、Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataA guide to the project management body of knowledge(PMBOKguide).-2000 ed.p.cm.Includes biobliographical references and index.ISBN 1-880410-22-2 (alk.paper)-ISBN 1-880410-23-0 (pbk.:alk.paper)1.Industrial project management.I.Title:PMBOKguide.II.Project Manageme

4、nt Institute.HD69.P75 G845 2001658.404dc2100-051727CIPISBN:1-880410-23-0(paperback)ISBN:1-880410-22-2(hardcover)ISBN:1-880410-25-7(CD-ROM)Published by:Project Management Institute,Inc.Four Campus BoulevardNewtown Square,Pennsylvania 19073-3299 USAPhone:610-356-4600 or Visit our website:www.pmi.orgE-

5、mail:pmihqpmi.org 2000 Project Management Institute,Inc.All rights reserved.PMI Publishing Division welcomes corrections and comments on its documents.In addition to comments directed toPMI about the substance of A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge,please feel free to send commentson

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10、rmation storage and retrieval system,without prior written permission of the publisher.The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Stan-dards Organization(Z39.481984).Printed and bound by Automated Graphic Systems,White Plains,Maryland,US

11、A.1 0987654321A Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEContentsList of Figures viiPreface to the 2000 Edition ixSection IThe Project Management Framework 1Chapter 1Introducti

12、on 31.1 Purpose of This Guide 31.2 What Is a Project?41.3 What Is Project Management?61.4 Relationship to Other Management Disciplines 91.5 Related Endeavors 10Chapter 2The Project Management Context 112.1 Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle 112.2 Project Stakeholders 162.3 Organizational Infl

13、uences 182.4 Key General Management Skills 212.5 Social-Economic-Environmental Influences 26Chapter 3Project Management Processes 293.1 Project Processes 293.2 Process Groups 303.3 Process Interactions 323.4 Customizing Process Interactions 373.5 Mapping of Project Management Processes 38Section IIT

14、he Project Management Knowledge Areas 39Chapter 4Project Integration Management 414.1 Project Plan Development 424.2 Project Plan Execution 464.3 Integrated Change Control 47Chapter 5Project Scope Management 515.1 Initiation 535.2 Scope Planning 555.3 Scope Definition 575.4 Scope Verification 615.5

15、Scope Change Control 62Chapter 6Project Time Management 656.1 Activity Definition 656.2 Activity Sequencing 686.3 Activity Duration Estimating 716.4 Schedule Development 736.5 Schedule Control 79Chapter 7Project Cost Management 837.1 Resource Planning 857.2 Cost Estimating 867.3 Cost Budgeting 897.4

16、 Cost Control 90A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)2000 Edition2000 Project Management Institute,Four Campus Boulevard,Newtown Square,PA 19073-3299 USAvA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementBody

17、 of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEChapter 8Project Quality Management 958.1 Quality Planning 978.2 Quality Assurance 1018.3 Quality Control 102Chapter 9Project Human Resource Management 1079.1 Organizational Planning 1089.2 Staff Acquisition 1129.3 Team Development 114Chapter 10Project

18、Communications Management 11710.1 Communications Planning 11910.2 Information Distribution 12110.3 Performance Reporting 12210.4 Administrative Closure 125Chapter 11Project Risk Management 12711.1 Risk Management Planning 12911.2 Risk Identification 13111.3 Qualitative Risk Analysis 13311.4 Quantita

19、tive Risk Analysis 13711.5 Risk Response Planning 14011.6 Risk Monitoring and Control 144Chapter 12Project Procurement Management 14712.1 Procurement Planning 14912.2 Solicitation Planning 15212.3 Solicitation 15312.4 Source Selection 15512.5 Contract Administration 15612.6 Contract Closeout 158Sect

20、ion IIIAppendices 161Appendix AThe Project Management Institute Standards-Setting Process 163Appendix BEvolution of PMIs A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge 167Appendix CContributors and Reviewers of PMBOKGuide 2000 Edition 175Appendix DNotes 179Appendix EApplication Area Extensions

21、181Appendix FAdditional Sources of Information on Project Management 185Appendix GSummary of Project Management Knowledge Areas 189Section IVGlossary and Index 193Glossary 195Index 211A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)2000 Edition2000 Project Management Institute,Four Ca

22、mpus Boulevard,Newtown Square,PA 19073-3299 USAviA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)2000 Edition2000 Proj

23、ect Management Institute,Four Campus Boulevard,Newtown Square,PA 19073-3299 USAviiList of FiguresFigure 11.Overview of Project Management Knowledge Areas and Project Management Processes 8Figure 12.Relationship of Project Management to Other Management Disciplines 9Figure 21.Sample Generic Life Cycl

24、e 13Figure 22.Representative Life Cycle for Defense Acquisition,per US DODI 5000.2(Final Coordination Draft,April 2000)14Figure 23.Representative Construction Project Life Cycle,per Morris 15Figure 24.Representative Life Cycle for a Pharmaceuticals Project,per Murphy 16Figure 25.Representative Softw

25、are Development Life Cycle,per Muench 17Figure 26.Organizational Structure Influences on Projects 19Figure 27.Functional Organization 20Figure 28.Projectized Organization 21Figure 29.Weak Matrix Organization 22Figure 210.Balanced Matrix Organization 22Figure 211.Strong Matrix Organization 23Figure 2

26、12.Composite Organization 23Figure 31.Links among Process Groups in a Phase 31Figure 32.Overlap of Process Groups in a Phase 31Figure 33.Interaction between Phases 31Figure 34.Relationships among the Initiating Processes 32Figure 35.Relationships among the Planning Processes 33Figure 36.Relationship

27、s among the Executing Processes 35Figure 37.Relationships among the Controlling Processes 36Figure 38.Relationships among the Closing Processes 37Figure 39.Mapping of Project Management Processes to the Process Groups and Knowledge Areas 38Figure 41.Project Integration Management Overview 42Figure 4

28、2.Coordinating Changes Across the Entire Project 48Figure 51.Project Scope Management Overview 52Figure 52.Sample Work Breakdown Structure for Defense Material Items 58Figure 53.Sample Work Breakdown Structure Organized by Phase 59Figure 54.Sample Work Breakdown Structure for Wastewater Treatment Pl

29、ant 60Figure 61.Project Time Management Overview 66Figure 62.Network Logic Diagram Drawn Using the Precedence Diagramming Method 69Figure 63.Network Logic Diagram Drawn Using the Arrow Diagramming Method 70Figure 64.PERT Duration Calculation for a Single Activity 76Figure 65.Project Network Diagram

30、with Dates 77Figure 66.Bar(Gantt)Chart 78Figure 67.Milestone Chart 79Figure 71.Project Cost Management Overview 84Figure 72.Illustrative Cost Baseline Display 90Figure 81.Project Quality Management Overview 96Figure 82.Cause-and-Effect Diagram 99Figure 83.Sample Process Flowchart 100Figure 84.Contro

31、l Chart of Project Schedule Performance 104Figure 85.Pareto Diagram 105A Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEFigure 91.Project Human Resource Management Overview 108Figure

32、 92.Responsibility Assignment Matrix 111Figure 93.Illustrative Resource Histogram 112Figure 101.Project Communications Management Overview 118Figure 102.Illustrative Graphic Performance Report 124Figure 103.Illustrative Tabular Performance Report 124Figure 111.Project Risk Management Overview 128Fig

33、ure 112.Rating Impacts for a Risk 136Figure 113.Probability-Impact Matrix 137Figure 114.Cost Estimates and Ranges from the Risk Interview 139Figure 115.Examples of Commonly Used Probability Distributions 140Figure 116.Decision Tree Analysis 141Figure 117.Cost Risk Simulation 142Figure 121.Project Pr

34、ocurement Management Overview 148A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)2000 Edition2000 Project Management Institute,Four Campus Boulevard,Newtown Square,PA 19073-3299 USAviiiA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theP

35、rojectManagementBody of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)2000 Edition2000 Project Management Institute,Four Campus Boulevard,Newtown Square,PA 19073-3299 USAixPreface to the 2000 EditionThis document supersedes the Project Mana

36、gement Institutes(PMI)A Guide tothe Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide),published in 1996.The scope of the project to update the 1996 publication was to:IAdd new material reflecting the growth of the knowledge and practices in thefield of project management by capturing those practices,

37、tools,techniques,and other relevant items that have become generally accepted.(Generallyaccepted means being applicable to most projects most of the time and havingwidespread consensus about their value and usefulness.)IAdd clarification to text and figures to make this document more beneficial tous

38、ers.ICorrect existing errors in the predecessor document.To assist users of this document,who may be familiar with its predecessor,wehave summarized the major differences here.1.Throughout the document,we clarified that projects manage to requirements,which emerge from needs,wants,and expectations.2

39、.We strengthened linkages to organizational strategy throughout the document.3.We provided more emphasis on progressive elaboration in Section 1.2.3.4.We acknowledged the role of the Project Office in Section 2.3.4.5.We added references to project management involving developing economies,as well as

40、 social,economic,and environmental impacts,in Section 2.5.4.6.We added expanded treatment of Earned Value Management in Chapter 4(Project Integration Management),Chapter 7(Project Cost Management),andChapter 10(Project Communications Management).7.We rewrote Chapter 11(Project Risk Management).The c

41、hapter now containssix processes instead of the previous four processes.The six processes are Risk Man-agement Planning,Risk Identification,Qualitative Risk Analysis,Quantitative RiskAnalysis,Risk Response Planning,and Risk Monitoring and Control.8.We moved scope verification from an executing proce

42、ss to a controlling process.9.We changed the name of Process 4.3 from Overall Change Control to Inte-grated Change Control to emphasize the importance of change control throughoutthe entirety of the project.10.We added a chart that maps the thirty-nine Project Management processesagainst the five Pr

43、oject Management Process Groups and the nine Project Manage-ment Knowlege Areas in Figure 3-9.11.We standardized terminology throughout the document from“supplier”to“seller.”12.We added several Tools and Techniques:IChapter 4(Project Integration Management)N Earned Value Management(EVM)N Preventive

44、ActionA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEIChapter 5(Project Scope Management)N Scope Statement UpdatesN Project PlanN Adjusted BaselineIChapter 6(Project Time Managemen

45、t)N Quantitatively Based DurationsN Reserve Time(contingency)N Coding StructureN Variance AnalysisN MilestonesN Activity AttributesN Computerized ToolsIChapter 7(Project Cost Management)N Estimating PublicationsN Earned Value MeasurementIChapter 8(Project Quality Management)N Cost of QualityIChapter

46、 10(Project Communications Management)N Project ReportsN Project PresentationsN Project ClosureIChapter 11(Project Risk Management this chapter is rewritten)The body of knowledge of the project management profession continues togrow,and PMI intends to update the PMBOKGuide on a periodic basis.There-

47、fore,if you have any comments about this document or suggestions about howthis document can be improved,please send them to:PMI Project Management Standards ProgramProject Management InstituteFour Campus BoulevardNewtown Square,PA 19073-3299 USAPhone:+610-356-4600Fax:+610-356-4647Email:pmihqpmi.orgI

48、nternet:www.pmi.orgA Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOKGuide)2000 Edition2000 Project Management Institute,Four Campus Boulevard,Newtown Square,PA 19073-3299 USAxA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementB

49、ody of Knowledge ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLESECTION ITHE PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK1.Introduction2.The Project Management Context3.Project Management ProcessesA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge NAVIGATION LINKS ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEA Guide to theProjectManagementBody of Knowledge

50、 ACRONYMS LIST ACROYMNS LISTSAMPLEChapter 1IntroductionThe Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK)is an inclusive term thatdescribes the sum of knowledge within the profession of project management.Aswith other professions such as law,medicine,and accounting,the body of knowl-edge rests with the