限制性与非限制性定语从句 学案高考英语专题复习.docx

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1、限制性与非限制性定语从句四大区别一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English？你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？例 2.

2、Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。例 3. This is the place where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。例 4. Mr. Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。例 5. We walked down the village street， where they were having market day.我们沿着村里的

3、大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。析：在前三个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。析：由语境可知

4、，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。析：由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。四、关系词的使用情况有所不同（一） that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从

5、句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。误： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， that pleased her a lot.正： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， which pleased her a lot.例 2. 他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。误： He didnt pass the exam， that dis

6、appointed me.正： He didnt pass the exam， which disappointed me.值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who ， which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when ， where 引导非限制性定语从句。例 1. Well graduate in July， when we will be free.我们将于七月份毕业，到

7、那时我们就自由了。例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， where a conference was to be held.他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。（二）关系代词替代情况不同关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。析：先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替 whom .例 2. A

8、young man had a new girl friend， whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。析：先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom .在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .限制性与非限制性定语从句四区别例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。误： She has a sister， that is a teacher.正： She has

9、a sister， who is teacher.（三）关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。例 1. This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。析：先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。析：先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词

10、 which 不可省。Step1.复习限制性定语从句1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。4.关系词有三个作用:连接主从句指代先行词在定语从句中充当一定成分5如何选择关系词分三步走、分清主从句、找出先行词、看关系词在定语从句中的作用6关系代词指人作主语用who，that 关系代词指人作宾语用who，whom, that或省略关系代词指人作定语用 whose 关系代词指物作主语用that，which关系代词指物作宾语用 that，which或省略关系代词指物作定语用 whose关系副词 指地点wher

11、e 指时间when指原因why7.关系副词和关系代词的判断方法 关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据关系词在定语从句中所做的成分而定的，若是做状语，则用_关系副词_；若是做主语、宾语、或定语，则用关系代词 。Step2.非限制性定语从句This gift was the Amber Room , _which_ was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它有这个名字是因为造这个这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。这是一个限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句？二、Cooperative dis

12、cussion and wonderful display（合作交流与精彩展示）Theteacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。 .Mr.Wang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。1.限制性定语从句与先行词关系（A:密切;B: 不密切），是先行词(A:可缺少;B: 不可缺少 )的部分,去掉它，主句意思(A:不明确;B:明确 .)翻译时,从句先译,“的”放在先行词之前2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,去掉（A:会影响;B: 不会影响）主句的意

13、思。翻译时，主句从句单独成句，译为两个分句。观察并总结非限制性定语从句中关系词的具体用法 (1)Tom has a brother, that is a worker.(误)(2)Tom has a brother, who is a worker.(正)(3)Peter, who/thatyoumetinLondon,is nowback in Shanghai . (误)(4) Peter, whom youmetinLondon,is nowback in Shanghai . (正)Theboy,whosefatherisadoctor,studiesveryhard.【Conclus

14、ion】 先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语时用_. 先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时用_. 先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语时用_.that(不能 / 能) 引导非限制性定语从句 (5) Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,hasaverylonghistory. 先行词为_(6) The film, which I saw last night ,is very interesting，这是我昨天晚上看过的电影，非常有趣。 先行词为_(7) I didnt pass the exam , that disappoin

15、ted my father. (误)(8)I didnt pass the exam ,which disappointed my father. (正) 先行词为_所表达的内容。(9)Thereisalakeatthefootofthehill,whosedepthhasneverbeenmeasured.【Conclusion】先行词指物, 关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,宾语时都用_.先行词指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语时用_._可指代主句中某一名词或代词,也可指代前面整个主句.which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之_(10)TheywenttoLondon,where

16、theylivedforsixmonths. (11)HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.(12) I have told them the reason, why I didnt attend the meeting. (误)(13)I have told them the reason, for which I did not attend the meeting. (正)【Conclusion】where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指_，where在非限制性定语从句中作_when引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词指_，when在

17、非限制性定语从句中作_why(不能 / 能) 引导非限制性定语从句,用_替换总结指代限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句充当成分关系代词关系代词人主语who，that宾语who，whom, that物主语、宾语that，which属格词，指人、物定语whose指代限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句充当成分关系副词关系副词时间时间状语when地点地点状语where原因原因状语why实战演练一、选择题1. She heard a terrible noise， _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that2. Have y

18、ou ever been to Xian， _ I left ten years ago.A. which B. whose C. that D. /3. The weather turned out to be very good， _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it4. His English， _ used to be very poor is now excellent.A. which B. that C. it D . whom5. Some of the roads were flooded

19、， _ makes our journey more difficult.A. that B. it C. which D. who6. Ill find a nice girl， _ I want to marry.A. who B. whom C. that D. which7. Ill come at ten， _ Ill be free.A. which B. that C. when D. what8. She has two brothers， _ are teachers.A. who B. that C. whom D. /9. Which answer is NOT true

20、？This is the factory _ I visited yesterday.A. that B. which C. / D. where10. I still remember the days _ I spent in Beijing.A. when B. what C. that D. duringKey：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C二、达标训练1）Fill in the blanks with proper pronouns/ adverbs1. Lucy, _ is my friend, came to s

21、chool to visit me yesterday.2. Jessie, _you talked to just now, is my teacher.3. Lucy has a car _was made in China,4. Lily has a car, _was made in China.5. The basketball match will be held this Saturday, _the weather is fine.6. This is Lucy, _father is my P. E. teacher.7. Yesterday I went to the bu

22、s station, _ I bought a ticket to Shanghai.8. Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.2）正误判断并说出理由1. She has a brother whom works in a hospital.2. Peter ,you saw just now , is my friend.3. I , who is a Chinese ,will do my best for my country.4. Yesterday she sold her car ,which she bought it a month ago5. Hecamebacklate,thatmadehismotherworried.学科网（北京）股份有限公司