2022年《汤姆_索亚历险记》中顽童成长与转变.docx

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1、2022年汤姆_索亚历险记中顽童成长与转变 Contents Chinese Abstract 2 English Abstract 3 1. Introduction 4 1.1 Background Information 4 1.2 Literature Review 5 2. Growth and Transformation of Typical Naughty Boy Tom Sawyer 7 2.1 The Development of Personality 7 2.2 The Change of Emotional Attitude 9 2.3 The Pursuit of

2、Ideal 10 3. The Causes of the Growth and Transformation on Naughty Child 11 3.1 The Experience of Adventures 11 3.2 The Formation of Responsibility 12 3.3 The Growth of Self-consciousness 13 4. Conclusion 14 References 16 汤姆索亚历险记中 顽童的成长与转变 摘 要 汤姆索亚历险记作为19世纪最具影响力的作品之一，在读者心中占据着重要的文学作品地位。马克吐温用部分童年的记忆和小

3、说特有的写作技巧来呈现顽童汤姆的形象。通过一系列的冒险经验，汤姆索亚从最初的顽皮捣蛋到最终的英勇。少年的自我意识在渐渐成熟。顽童最终实现身心灵的成长改变，更加坚韧，和善地返回到现实生活中去。 为了更深化了解顽童形象成长的成因，论文首先以主子公汤姆为例，分析他身处不同环境中的举止言行。通过特性发展，情感看法转变以及人生志向追求三个角度，逐步发觉顽童的改变。其次论文就环境因素绽开探讨，分析顽童成长成熟的缘由。顽童在特定的环境下能够渐渐转变，通过对客观世界的适应，能够逐步调整心态。同时，自我意识的醒悟使得顽童最终确定了成长转变的步伐。 探讨顽童成长的问题有助于我们了解顽童形象的内涵。发觉顽童的特殊之

4、处，激励他们了解自己。本文在站在儿童本位的角度来探究顽童成长和转变，具有肯定的创新意义。 关键字：顽童；成长转变 The Growth and Transformation of Naughty Boys in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Abstract As one of the most influential works in the 19th century, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer occupies an important literary position in readers minds. Mark Twain

5、uses some childhood memories and novel-specific writing skills to present the image of naughty Tom. Through a series of adventures, Tom Sawyer grows from naughty to the final brave. The self-consciousness of teenagers is gradually maturing. The naughty boy eventually realizes the growth and change o

6、f the body and mind, and returns to real life kindly and tenaciously. To further understand the causes of the growth of the image of naughty children, the paper first takes the protagonist Tom as an example to analyze his behaviors in different environments. Through the three aspects of the developm

7、ent of personality, emotional attitude change and the pursuit of life ideal, it can be gradually found the change of naughty boys. Besides, the paper discusses the environmental factors and analyzes the reasons for the growth and maturity of urchins. Naughty boys can gradually change under certain c

8、ircumstances and adjust their mentality by adapting to the objective world. At the same time, the awakening of self-consciousness makes the urchins finally determine the step of growth and transformation. Studying the problem of the growth of naughty children helps us to discover the connotation of

9、the image of naughty children and find the peculiarities of naughty children to encourage them to understand themselves. The paper explores the growth and transformation of naughty children from a child-oriented perspective, which has a certain innovative significance. Keywords: naughty children; gr

10、owth; transformation 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Information The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is the representative works of Mark Twain in the late 19th century. Tom is a typical image of an American boy, pursuing freedom and taking risks. The protagonist is created by Mark Twain to subvert the perce

11、ption of people in childrens literature at that time. The naughty boy is not only humorous in words, but also rebellious in behaviors. For example, he despises one who is called “good child” by adults. In all sorts of his mischief and adventures, the only purpose is to be recognized as a hero. Most

12、people have the stereotype on naughty children. Even they are often not accepted by traditional educators or misunderstood by society. Therefore, the creation and appreciation of naughty children are neglected to some extent, lacking relevant theoretical researches. Mark Twain creates The Adventures

13、 of Tom Sawyer against the background in the great monopoly of American capitalist economy, which is of profound historical significance. He condenses his childhood experience into the novel and injects his own thoughts, combining microcosm of the times. It breaks away from the vulgar style of child

14、rens memories and is full of the vitality. From contrast and hyperbole, the novel satirizes the vulgarity and conservatism of the citizens and the hypocrisy of bourgeoisie. From the adventures of the protagonist, the author criticizes the social customs, hypocritical religious ceremonies and the ste

15、reotyped school education in the United States, describing the free and lively minds of children in a cheerful tone. 1.1.1 Purpose and Significance Naughty boy is the most typical character in childrens literature. The naughty child is a child who loves and yearns for freedom. Naughty refers to chil

16、dren playing in the game and showing their innate desire for freedom and unrestrained natural instincts. It reflects the impulse of childrens life and is the release form of childrens psychological and physical energy. The opposite of the urchin is the clever obedient children, they are quiet and ge

17、ntle. Therefore, urchins are traditionally regarded as naughty and undisciplined children. In fact, naughty children are neither the problem nor the bad one, but full of the spirit of games. They are alternative characters which are different from orthodox good children in childrens literature. The

18、naughty boy is the protagonist of the game and the spokesman of the spirit of the game. In the childrens literature, it is accustomed to thinking only the children in need of education, and only to regard education as childrens education, while to ignore the usage for educating the adults themselves

19、. Due to most of the domestic and foreign scholars researches on The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in translation, character image analysis, text writing and aesthetic appeal, but the psychological activities, personality analysis or behavior characteristics of the characters in the novel are slightly in

20、adequate. The paper takes the personality characteristics of naughty children as the basis, Tom Sawyer as an example, combining with the analysis of his external behavior to internal psychology to analyze the growth and transformation of naughty children, which will provide a new perspective for the

21、 study of childrens literature. In the creation and appreciation of childrens literature, the correct treatment of the urchins image can exude its unique aesthetic charm. With the most obvious nature, naughty children are representative of all the children. Taking the growth and transformation of To

22、m Sawyer as an example, the analysis of naughty childrens image is based on the definition of children to broaden the scope of traditional cognition towards naughty boys. Whether the causes behind their growth are in line with the trend of the evolution of naughty children is worth pondering. Throug

23、h the discussion of childrens behavior and psychology, we need to respect childrens interest in their life, finding the growth of naughty children. We believe that the child-oriented view of childrens image can assist educators to protect the precious value of life in childrens mind, which helps chi

24、ldren never lose their own special visions to the world. 1.2 Literature Review 1.2.1 Oversea Research on The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Nowadays, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer mainly includes the following aspects: First of all, it is full of humorous narrative techniques. With distinctive humor langua

25、ge characteristics and extremely local language style, the novel possesses the reputation of the most outstanding work so far in American humor literature. The sense of humor is close to life, keeping the utmost authenticity with life, and reflects in every detail. It can be found that Mark Twain is

26、 popular in the world because of the universality and humanity of his humor. Obviously, what the humor presents to us not only just for laughing, but for combining irony, rationality and tragedy by standing on the basis of humor. Besides, it has a strong realistic sense. Mark Twain, on the other han

27、d, embodies reality in words, such as glasses and the pulpit in the text, which endows the special aesthetic and practical meanings of the concrete object between the lines. Sharsha V emphasizes realism and racism in the article Realism and Racism in Mark Twains the Adventures of Tom Sawyer. It illu

28、strates the state of racism in the United States and also indicates the discrimination in the real world. However, the paper lacks an in-depth explanation of the relationship between realism and other various concepts. If regional elements and realism are integrated, it will be more complete in the

29、research of realism and racism. At the same time, Mohamad Arli Ramadhani explores the influence of social and cultural phenomena in southern society on the description of Tom Sawyers character. In his Character Building of Tom Sawyer in Mark Twains The Adventures of Tom Sawyer identifies socio-cultu

30、ral issues that influence the characters of Tom Sawyer. It emphasizes that the biggest reason for character shaping comes from the influence of the social environment. So it cannot be simply summarized as the result of some subjective factors. He says the fact from other angles, such as economic con

31、ditions, racism, or Christian cultural values. In addition, the urchin Tom is often compared to another protagonist. Unlike Huck, the rebellion of the urchin Tom is limited. Oriards From Tom Sawyer to Huckleberry Finn: Toward Godly Play compares the characteristics of two protagonists, and objective

32、ly analyzes the differences of them. It points out clearly that Toms insurgency belongs to a docile rebellion. He has learned to value the resources of his family and community, and to accept a degree of external authority, by going through dangers and mistakes. However, the article lacks in-depth s

33、tudy of the causes. In fact, after comparing the differences, studying the causes can make a better interpretation of the image of the urchins, especially on the social objective factors and the subjective emotions of the characters. Exploring the cause and effect of the characters helps to understa

34、nd the deeper creation meaning behind the characters. 1.2.2 Domestic Research on The Adventures of Tom Sawyer In recent years, most domestic scholars have interpreted the novel from the perspectives of Skopos theory, functional equivalence theory and ideological theory. Moreover, it is of great sign

35、ificance for some researchers to do the study from childrens literature translation. In On the Translation of Childrens Literature from the Perspective of Skopos Theory A Case Study of Two Chinese Versions of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Ma Yanchao suggests that the basic work of foreign literary tr

36、anslation should be accomplished from the perspective of children themselves. Chen Huiyan emphasizes the importance of a schematic framework in the present stage of humor translation. In addition, scholars also focus on the image of children in the novel, from the perspective of urchins to see the A

37、merican society at that time. In the aspect of Tom Sawyers image shaping, the most prominent feature of Toms image is that he breaks social norms and traditional rules of life, enriches his world with his creativity, and pursues his dream with an active and independent mind. Chinese scholars also pa

38、y considerable attention to Mark Twains creation of humor and satire in his novels, as well as his selection of narrative point of view. As described by Yang Huiyong in the article which is to analyze the image of Tom Sawyer, Tom is an image of a naughty boy in the article. He is intelligent and nau

39、ghty, and is different with the unique cunning character of children. He is a special existence who possesses the characteristics of good children and bad children. In the exploration of the characteristics of naughty boy Tom, Qi Yongjiang says that the erudite naughty boy Tom Sawyer often skips sch

40、ool and is not a good student. But in fact, he is also a learned naughty boy. This contradictory and harmonious feature makes Tom full, lovely, vivid and true. 2. Growth and Transformation of Typical Naughty Boy Tom Sawyer 2.1 The Development of Personality The formation and development of childrens

41、 personality has to go through a long and complicated process. Among them, characters and behaviors are the essential embodiment of childrens personality development. It can find that Tom Sawyer has some following distinct features of personality. The naughty boy changes into a rebellious boy. His m

42、ischief behaviors always bring a series of difficulties to his aunt Polly. It is interesting that he can always be resourceful to help to smooth the punishments that each mischief brings. Because of the pedantic performance of the teacher, he laughs at them brazenly at school. For the reason of the

43、repressed rules and regulations in the school, he would rather skip school or take various adventure activities than pretend to love learning. Tom seems out of tune with the whole school. Whats more, everything with the atmosphere there makes him feel a deep emotion of discomfort as a result of the

44、hatred of restriction and meaningless repetition. Mark Twain creates a character Sid, who contrasts to Tom. He is a child who is completely opposed to Tom. He is studious and obedient. A really good child loved by adults such as Aunt Polly. It is with this sharp contrast that Toms rebellious psychol

45、ogy is further aroused, making him more disgusted with people and things in this environment. From the beginning, Tom simply pleases himself with simple naughtiness. When he encounters a well-dressed little boy on the street, Tom feels angry without reason, especially in comparison with his clothing

46、. It implies the reason for Toms rebellious psychology. Children should have their original appearance. From a far-reaching point of view, the reason why Toms naughty performance can be understood and admired by people is that what he has done reflects peoples underlying instincts with the desire fo

47、r freedom and the worship of the wild. People always long for freedom, admiring birds flying freely in the air and yearning fish swimming in the deep sea. But, the rules of reality and some sense of self-discipline restrict their behavior and spirit. And Toms performance awakens peoples instincts. T

48、om Sawyer, who can break freely from the shackles of the times, has his own independent opinion and makes reader gratify in pursuit of freedom. Tom is the clever child. Aunt Polly punishes him to whitewash the fence, which is originally a hard and boring job and do not match Toms playful character.

49、But he is smart enough to turn the boring wall whitewashing into an enviable job for children. “Like it? Well, I dont see why I oughtnt to like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?” he said . His words have stirred every child present. Tom not only doesnt need to finish the boring task on his own, but also makes all the children scramble to give anything they have in exchange for a good chance to whiten the wall for him. The description of the transfer of the ri