Unit1Grammarandusage非限制性定语从句讲义- 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册.docx

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1、选修三 unit 1 非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的密切程度，我们将定从分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等。如果去掉，会影响句子的完整性。而非限制性定语从句，是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。去掉以后，不会产生歧义。关系词里面除了that和why不能引导非限从之外，其他所有关系词均可以引导。区别从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与整个句子的关系密切，去掉会影响句子意义的完整性只是补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意义逗号的使用不用逗

2、号一般用逗号关系词的使用都可以使用不可以用that和why引导which和who在从句中作宾语时可否省略可省略不可省略whom在从句中可否用that或who替代可替代不可替代可否修饰整个句子不可可修饰整个句子，用逗号隔开，由which或as引导翻译时的区别常翻译成定语常翻译成并列句，或状语从句2、 使用非限制性定语从句的情况1、 当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。（which或as）The heavy rain lasted for half a month,which caused the flood.The film is very instructive,as most audience s

3、ay.2、 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物,类指或者专有名词时。The moon，which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth,creates many beautiful stories.3、 当先行词指的是某人的亲属，具有唯一性和确定性，如son,daughter,father,mother,wife,husband等。My father,who is an excellent violinist,is leaving for Canada for performances.4、 当引导定从的关系代词为some/many/few/a f

4、ew/little/none/much/most/half of which(whom)等时，多用非限制性定语从句。I know four foreign teachers,three of whom are from Canada.He earns only 1,200 yuan a month,half of which is given to his son at college.3、 as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别1、 which引导的定语从句,是对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。此时which指前面主句提到的这件事，常翻译为“这一点，这件事”等。它所

5、引导的从句与主句之间常表示并列意义或状语意义。且其引导的从句只能位于主句后面。She tore up my photos,which upset me.2、 as引导的定语从句,表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或者评价。as具有“正如，像，由.可知”的意思。翻译时也可以不必译出。且其引导的从句可以置于句首、句中或者句尾。There is a net bar around here,as I remember.3、 在从句中作定语或者作介词的宾语时，要用which。Jenny might come,in which case Ill ask her.She graduated from a loca

6、l middle school,after which she went to Peking University.4、 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as。He pretended not to know me,which I didnt understand.四、用定语从句来表达状语从句的意义。（定语从句的形式，状语从句的意义。）1、 定语从句的形式，条件状语从句的意义。The same thing,which happened twenty years ago,would lead to disaster.=The same thing would

7、lead to disaster if it happened twenty years ago. 2、 定语从句的形式，原因状语从句的意义。He is a kind man,who is always ready to help others.=3、 定语从句的形式，让步状语从句的意义。Smith insisted on building another house which he had no use for.=4、 定语从句的形式，目的状语从句的意义。He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to

8、the matter.=5、 定语从句的形式，结果状语从句的意义。My car broke down halfway,which caused me to come late.=6、 定语从句的形式，时间状语从句的意义。I saw Mr Wang who was wandering on the street.=五、特殊结构的定语从句1、 嵌入式定语从句“嵌入式”实际上就是在一个定语从句中加了一个插入成分，让定语从句作其宾语。常见的嵌入语有I think/believe/guess/expect以及I am sure，they say等。She had a book which she bel

9、ieved was bought by her father at a high price.2、 并列式定语从句“并列式”，是指两个或者两个以上的定语从句相互并列，中间由and或or连接，共同修饰一个先行词，相互之间不包含，不修饰，不重叠，各行其是。Paris is a good place where art is so popular and which many people appreciate.I find it hard to leave the land where I have lived for 30 years and where there are sweet memo

10、ries of my childhood.3、 多重式定语从句“多重式”，是指两个定语从句按照先后顺序和不同层次修饰先行词。第二个定语从句的关系代词不可省略，而第一个定语从句的关系代词一般都省略。中间不能用and连接。Is there anything youd like that you dont see on the shelves?I like the tie you wear which your sister gave to you as a birthday gift.4、 省略式定语从句在含将来意义的定语从句中，我们可以省略主语和谓语的一部分（主要是情态动词和助动词），而用“介词

11、+关系代词+不定式”的形式。I have saved a sum of money with which to buy a new car for myself.注意：在这类句子里，主句的主语必须与不定式的逻辑主语一致，否则不可改。比较：I was trying to find a place in which to live. I was trying to find a place in which my younger brother could live.5、 分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在被它修饰的先行词后，但有时它和先行词之间会插入其他成分，使得它与先行词分隔开。阅读理解文章中经

12、常出现这种情况，要注意理解。具体情况可分为：(1) 先行词与定语从句被一个状语分隔There are quite a few students in our school who like this athlete very much.The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(2) 先行词与定语从句被另一个定语分隔。After graduation she reached a point in her career where she had to

13、decide what to do.My grandpa has a picture by a famous painter which was sent to him for his birthday.(3) 先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子结构平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后。The days are gone when we we Chinese were bullied by the invaders.The professor entered the ball who had just presented several l

14、ectures.定语从句综合练习1. (1)Tom was one of the boys _ praised by the headmaster yesterday.(2) Tom was the only one of the boys _ praised by the headmaster yesterday. A.who was B.who were C.whom was D.whom were 2. (1)This is the house _ my grandfather built himself. (2) This is the house _ my grandfather o

15、nce lived.(3) This is the house _ my grandfather once lived in.(4) This is the house in _ my grandfather once lived.A.that B.where C.which D.不填3. (1) Ill never forget the wonderful days _ we spent in the countryside.(2) Ill never forget the wonderful days _ we worked in the countryside.(3) Ill never

16、 forget the wonderful days in _ we played in the countryside.A. when B.that C.which D.不填4. (1)Is this the reason _ he explained for his being late?(2)Is this the reason _ he was late for class?(3)Is this reason _ he gave for his being late?A.why B.which C.the one D.不填5. (1)Do you understand _ the te

17、acher spoke about at the lecture? (2)Do you understand all _ the teacher spoke about at the lecture?(3)Do you understand _ that the teacher spoke about at the lecture?A.that B.what C.all D.不填6. (1)She has two sons,_ are college students.(2)She has two sons,and _ are college students.A.both of them B

18、.both of whom C.of whom both D.both of who7. (1)The old man still lives in the hut,_ windows face north.(2)The old man still lives in the hut,the windows _ face north.(3) The old man still lives in the hut_ lies in the north of the village.(4) The old man still lives in the hut _ he has lived for mo

19、re than fifty years.A.which B.whose C.where D.of which 8. (1)_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(2) _ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(3) _ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B.Who C.Those D.Whoever9. (1)It is a long time _ his elder

20、 brother joined the army.(2) It will not be a long time _ he returns home.(3) It was about eight years ago _ the woman made a great discovery.(4) It happened three months ago _ I was still studying in a medical college.A. that B.before C.when D.since10. (1)_ is well known that China is rich in natural resources.(2) _ is well known,China is rich in natural resources.(3) China is rich in natural resources,_ is well known.答案：1、 B A2、 A/C/D B A/C/D C3、 B/C/D A C4、 B/D A C5、 B/C A/D C6、 B/C A7、 B D A C8、 D A C 9、 D B A C 10、 C B A/B学科网（北京）股份有限公司