2022英语的阅读理解题的解题思路分析.docx
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1、2022英语的阅读理解题的解题思路分析英语的阅读理解题的解题思路解答阅读理解题的总体思路是:单句人手。语篇突破,着眼整体,归纳推断。一般有以下两种阅读依次(P=Passage,Q=Question):(1)P-Q-P:即先看文章,后看问题,再通过阅读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的看法。但采纳这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢,因此难以在阅读时主动主动地预料文章内容。(2)Q-P-Q:即先将问题看一遍,然后带着问题去阅读文章,最终答题。其特点是针对性强,节约答题时间,比较适用于解答事实性和细微环节性的问题,但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效
2、果不明显。P-Q-P方式或Q-P-Q方式的采纳因人而异,无优劣之分。当然,题型不同,解题的方法也应有所不同。常用的解题技巧有以下几种:1. 正选法与解除法正选法即依据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。假如在有些状况下从正面选择答案有困难,考生则可以考虑选用解除法,即解除四个选项中的三个错误选项,那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。解除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法,对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项,以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等,都可以采纳解除法。考生可以遵循如下三级思索的方法解除干扰项:(1) 假如干扰项明显与文章相冲突,即为误,
3、可以干脆解除。(2) 假如干扰项与文章内容不冲突,但在原文中没有依据,这种脱离原文的虚的选项也可以解除。(3)有些干扰项好像很有道理,文中也能找到相关的依据,但它并不能完全满意题目的要求,未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为动身点,未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性,这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的偏选项也可以解除。只要考生经过是否冲突 (误否) -是否有依据 (虚否) -是否以偏概全(偏否)的逐级思索过程来分析和甄别每一个选项,那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应当是与原文意义一样的选项,或是经过三级思索仍不能解除的选项。请看2022年广东卷第64题:Which of the following
4、 is true about the working classA. They are often employed as skilled and semi-skilled workers.B. They are often offered jobs with high incomes.C. They are often considered lazy and dishonest.D. They are often exploited by the public.此题为事实细微环节题,可以采纳解除法。由文章第一段第一、二句 Members of the working class have b
5、lue-collar jobs. They are construction workers, truck drivers, mechanics, steel workers, electricians, and the like. 可知,蓝领阶层的薪水不高这个事实,据此先解除B项;由第一段最终一句They consider themselves to be respectable and hard working and they look down upon members of the lower class, whom they often consider to be lazy, d
6、ishonest, and too ready to exploit public assistance.可知,蓝领阶层是受人敬重的、勤劳的群体,他们看不起那些懒散、欺诈别人、依靠别人捐款生活的阶层,故解除C、D两项,正确答案为A项。2. 定位法与跳读法定位法即依据题干和选项所供应的信息干脆从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位),然后进行比较和分析(尤其要留意一些同义转换),从而找出正确答案。跳读法即依据题干和选项所供应的信息跳读原文,并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落,然后进行分析和推理等,从而找出正确答案。请看2022年湖南卷第71题:When she was still in her
7、 early 30s, publishing essays in such importantmagazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American culturallife, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art.With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges ofworld culture.The unde
8、rlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means Sontag _.A. was a symbol of American cultural lifeB. developed world literature,film and artC. published many essays about world cultureD. kept pace with the newest development of world culture解答本题可以用定位法。与题干意思相近的句子是上一句she appeared as the symbol of American cultur
9、al life,trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art。很多考生误选了A项,他们忽视了原文中出现的appeared as,意为好像,似乎,增加了句意的不确定性。故D项为最佳答案。3. 画图与列表法画图法就是以时间、地点、事务或因果等为线索,找出关键词语,勾画出一幅完整、清楚的关于文章主题和细微环节的图示的方法。请看2022年浙江卷第48题:How is the text organizedA. In order of time. B. In order of frequency.C. In
10、order of preference. D. In order of importance.在解答此题时考生只要列一个表 (见下表),按短文叙事的依次绽开故事发展的过程,正确答案就会一目了然。Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4look into the mirror have breakfast prepare childrens trip to space drive the car to work另外,有些文章的信息点可能较为分散,涉及的内容比较多,此时考生若能恰当运用列表的方法也会将难题化解。请看2022年安徽卷第61题:Wh
11、at Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet Brown had in common was that they were both_.A. popular all their fives B. famous actressesC. successful when very young D. rich and kind-hearted依据文章内容,考生可以列出以下四个相同的信息点(见下表):Information 1 When she started in National Velvet-the story of VelvetBrown, a young girl who wi
12、ns first place in a famous home race. (短文首句)Information 2 Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best bya child actress. (第一段末句)Information 3 After her success as a child star, Taylor had no troublemoving into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress. (其次段)Information 4 Like Velvet
13、Brown in National Velvet, she has been lucky: shehas beauty, fame and wealth. (末段其次句)Conclusion They were both successful when very young.通过此表,考生可以清晰地得出本题的答案为C项。4. 概括法与推理法概括法指依据所读材料概括文章主题、要点、标题和中心思想等;而推理法则指依据所读材料的字面意思,通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细微环节的信息和示意,推敲作者的看法,理解文章的寓意,悟出作者的言外之意和言外之意。考生在运用推理法时首先要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间
14、捕获有用的提示和线索;然后再对文字的表面信息进行挖掘和加工,由表及里,由浅人深,从详细到抽象,从特别到一般,通过分析、综合和推断等思维活动对文章进行深层处理以及合乎逻辑的推理。此时切忌就事论事、以偏概全,也不能主观臆想、随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。请看2022年浙江卷第55题:According to White, why were the women surveyed more likely to use oldcomputersA. Most office workers use old computers.B. They do some of their work wit
15、h computers.C. Dealing with new equipment can cause anxiety.D. They are easier to be satisfied with new technology.文章最终两段提到,接受调查的三个国家的妇女更有可能运用旧电脑,而英国比法国和德国运用up-to-date computers的人更多,最终一段分析了其中的缘由continually having to deal with new technology can also be a source of worrythe frequent change of equipme
16、nt is also, or could be,a main cause of dissatisfaction。由此可以推断,不断更新的技术也会使人产生焦虑,导致负面心情的产生,所以被调查的妇女更喜爱运用旧电脑。5. 常识法与背景法常识法是考生利用已有的常识进行识别和推断的方法。背景法与常识法相像,指考生充分运用所读材料的信息答题。请看2022年安徽卷第69题:To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop thefire is all example of_.A. separating the fire
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