中考语法总复习---情态动词.pptx

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1、情态动词情态动词基本特征基本特征1. 有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形构成谓语构成谓语2. 无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化 (have/has to除外除外)3. 后后接动词原形接动词原形情态动词情态动词的的基本用法基本用法1. 表能力：表能力：can, cant, could, couldnt2. 表请求：表请求：will, would, may, could, might, shall3. 表禁止：表禁止：mustnt4. 表不需要：表不需要：neednt; dont have to5. 表建议：表建议：should, had better

2、情态情态动词动词表推测表推测1. 表肯定推测：表肯定推测：mustcouldmaymight2. 表否定推测：表否定推测：cantmay not情态动词情态动词具有一定词义，具有一定词义，不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原，必须和动词原形连用一起构成谓语。用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。形连用一起构成谓语。用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。一、情态动词的情态意义表示法一、情态动词的情态意义表示法考点一：考点一：can可表示现在或将来的能力，意为可表示现在或将来的能力，意为“能；会能；会”。can 还可表示请求、允许，意为还可表示请求、允许，意为“可以可以”。考点二：考点二：could 可表示过去

3、的能力可表示过去的能力；当当could 表示允许时，语气比表示允许时，语气比can 更加委婉和客气。更加委婉和客气。couldnt意为意为“不能不能”。考点三：考点三：may表示请求、允许，意为表示请求、允许，意为“可以可以”。may表示祝福，表示祝福，常用于正式或书面语常用于正式或书面语中，如：中，如：May you be happy!考点四：考点四：might 表示允许时，语气比表示允许时，语气比may更加委婉和客气。更加委婉和客气。考点五：考点五：must 表示义务、命令或必要，意为表示义务、命令或必要，意为“必须必须”，强调主，强调主观看法观看法。mustnt 表示表示“不允许；禁止不

4、允许；禁止”之意。之意。考点六：考点六：have to意为意为“不得不不得不”，强调客观需要。，强调客观需要。考点七：考点七：should 意为意为“应该应该”，既可以表示义务或责任，也，既可以表示义务或责任，也可以表示劝告或建议可以表示劝告或建议。其其否定式为否定式为shouldnt，意为，意为“不应该不应该”。考点八：考点八：had better do sth. 意为意为“最好做某事最好做某事”，其否定式是，其否定式是在在better后加后加not。考点九：考点九：need表示表示“需要需要”，通常用于否定句或疑问句中。，通常用于否定句或疑问句中。二、情态动词的推测用法二、情态动词的推测用

5、法(以下情态动词对可能性的推测排列顺序以下情态动词对可能性的推测排列顺序由强到弱由强到弱)情态动词情态动词肯定式肯定式否定式否定式疑问式疑问式must必定；必然必定；必然/can/不可能不可能有可能吗有可能吗could微弱的可能微弱的可能/有可能吗有可能吗may或许；也许或许；也许可能不可能不/might可能可能可能不可能不/三、情态动词一般疑问句的回答三、情态动词一般疑问句的回答考点一考点一：may表示请求时，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问表示请求时，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句中，其肯定句中，其肯定回答回答：Yes, you can.其其否定否定回答：回答： No，you may not.

6、 / No，you mustnt. / No，you cant.更更温和的温和的回答，回答，如：如：Im sorry. / Id rather you didnt. / Im afraid not. / Youd better not.等等。考点二：考点二：在回答由在回答由must 引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答常用引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答常用must，否定回答常用，否定回答常用neednt 或或dont have to，表示，表示“不必不必”。考点考点三：三：在回答由在回答由need 引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用，否定回答用neednt。

7、考点考点四四：在在回答由回答由could(请求对方许可，表示委婉语气请求对方许可，表示委婉语气)引起的引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答常用一般疑问句时，肯定回答常用can，否定回答常用，否定回答常用cant / mustnt等回答。在回答由等回答。在回答由can引起的表示请求引起的表示请求的一般疑问句时，用的一般疑问句时，用can / cant回答。回答。. 选选词语填空词语填空could, have to, had better1. Jenny, lets go swimming this afternoon! Sorry, Im afraid not. I _ look after my li

8、ttle sister.2. You _ not walk so slowly, or we will miss the train.3. _ you please open the window? Its too hot inside the room.have to had better Could. 选词填空选词填空1. I went to Mount Wudang with my five friends in one small car last weekend. Really? I think it _(must / mustnt) be an uncomfortable trip

9、.2. Mr. Green _(cant / might not) be at home now. He went abroad on vacation yesterday.3. Is Mary coming to the concert tomorrow? Im not sure. She _(can / may) not come.must cant may. 按要求完成下列各题按要求完成下列各题1. Need I take the umbrella with me today? (补全肯定答语补全肯定答语) Yes, _ _. Look at the dark clouds!2. Mus

10、t I finish the report by Friday? (补全否定答语补全否定答语) No, _ _. You can finish it by next Tuesday.3. Could you go fishing with me this Saturday? (补全肯定答语补全肯定答语) Yes, _ _.you must you neednt I can. 汉译汉译英英1. 你最好不要熬夜，熬夜有害健康。你最好不要熬夜，熬夜有害健康。 2. 我们应该把我们的国家建设成一个和平而富强的国家。我们应该把我们的国家建设成一个和平而富强的国家。 3. 天太晚了，我现在不得不走了天太晚

11、了，我现在不得不走了。4. 这副眼镜肯定是这副眼镜肯定是Tony的。的。 You had better not stay up late; its harmful to your health. We should build our country into a peaceful and wealthy country.Its too late, so I have to go now.This pair of glasses must be Tonys.5. 当你旅行时，带上一幅地图，因为它可能对你有帮助。当你旅行时，带上一幅地图，因为它可能对你有帮助。When you travel, b

12、ring a map because it may / might help you.6. 你可以坐下或者站起来。你可以坐下或者站起来。7. 他须考试及格他须考试及格, 才能开始工作。才能开始工作。You may / can / could sit down or stand up.He has to pass an examination before he can start work.1. Sam, _ I join you in the community service?Of course you can. (2021北京北京)A. can B. must C. should D.

13、need2. People _ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving. (2021天津天津)A. shouldnt B. neednt C. must D. can A A 3. What an amazing robot! It _ cook more than 5,000 dishes. (2021江苏连云港江苏连云港) A. shall B. need C. must D. can4. Hi, Carl! Im leaving for Chengdu this weekend. Cool! But I _ get away until

14、 the end of July. (2021内蒙古包头内蒙古包头)A. shouldnt B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt D B 5. According to the new regulation (规定规定), school students _ take their cell phones to the classroom. (2021福建福建)A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt6. How long can I keep these books?According to the library rules, you _ return

15、them within 7 days. (2021海南海南)A. must B. might C. could C A 7. Only ten tickets? What do you mean? There _ be twelve.Sorry, Linda. Jacky and Tim took two tickets away. (2021湖湖北武汉北武汉)A. should B. will C. can D. may8. We _ see which way to go if the stars do not twinkle (闪闪耀耀) so. (2021江苏扬州江苏扬州)A. can

16、 not B. should not C. must not D. need not A A 9. You _ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.Sorry, I wont. (2021云南云南)A. must B. need C. mustnt D. neednt10. Dont you know passengers _ smoke on high-speed trains? (2021辽宁本溪辽宁本溪)A. neednt B. mustnt C. wouldnt D. couldnt C B 11. You a

17、re not allowed to play with fire in the forest. It _ kill plants, animals and even people. (2020云南昆明云南昆明) A. mightB. might not C. shouldD. should not12. Must I hand in the report now, sir?_ .You can hand it in tomorrow. (2020广西百色广西百色) A. Yes, you can B. Yes, you must C. No, you neednt D. No, you mus

18、tntAC 13. He _ sleep, although he tried to. One cup of coffee in the late afternoon caused him to stay awake almost all night. (2020内蒙古呼和浩特内蒙古呼和浩特) A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldntD. mustnt14. Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon?Im sorry. David, but I _ meet my cousin at the train st

19、ation. (2020山东青岛山东青岛) A. have to B. can C. may D. couldCA15. Wherere my keys? Im afraid I lost them again. Dont worry! With the new lock, you _ search for them any more. (2020辽宁营口辽宁营口) A. shouldnt B. cantC. mustntD. neednt16. From the top of the Autumn Hill people _ enjoy the fullest sight of Ge Gar

20、den. (2020江苏扬州江苏扬州) A. have to B. need C. should D. canDD17. I dont care what people think. Well, you _. Some opinions are worth weighing. (2020湖北武汉湖北武汉) A. might B. should C. could D. would18. The article says that ones personality depends on his animal sign. You _ read it for fun, but dont believe

21、 in that. (2020江苏南通江苏南通) A. can B. must C. shouldnt D. needntBA20. _ you give me a hand? I cant move the box by myself.No problem. (2020北京北京) A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need19. According to the traffic law, children under 12 _ ride bicycles on the road. (2020上海上海) A. wont B. wouldnt C. neednt D.

22、mustntDA21. Whose magazine is this? It _ be Nancys. Look! Her name is on its cover (封面封面). (2020黑龙江哈尔滨黑龙江哈尔滨) A. must B. cant C. mustnt22. Mum, why do I have to wash hands so many times a day? For your health, you _ be too careful. (2020江苏苏州江苏苏州) A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. needntAA23. I _ be l

23、ate, so dont wait for me to start the meeting. (2020天津天津) A. mustnt B. neednt C. need D. may24. _ we leave the library before 5 oclock?No, you neednt. You can stay here until 5:30. (2020四川乐山四川乐山) A. Must B. May C. CanAD25. By the time she was eight, Linda _ read English and French. (2020江苏南京江苏南京) A. could B. must C. need D. may26. Is this blue schoolbag Lucys? No. It _ be hers. Her schoolbag is pink. (2020湖北湖北黄冈黄冈) A. must B. mustnt C. cant D. mayAC