初中英语情态动词用法归纳ppt课件.ppt
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1、 情态动词用法归纳 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 1一、 can, could 1) 表示能力,译“能”,could表示过去。 Can you lift this heavy box? Mary can speak three languages. Can you skate? 此时可用be able to代替。2) 表示请求和允许,“可以”。-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。-
2、 Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 2 3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 This hall can hold 500 people at least. The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing. 4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句 和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be tru
3、e? 5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗? 一、 can, could 3二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt,表示“不可以,禁止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用Ma
4、y I.?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I.?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。 might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may /might be very busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. 4三、 must, have to 1) 表示命令,“必须、必要”。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而用neednt, dont h
5、ave to(不必). - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)“一定,准是” Your mother must be waiting for you now. 3) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 1 I really must go now. 2 I had to work when I was you
6、r age. 5四、 dare, need 1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 1 How dare you say Im unfair? 2 He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3 If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
7、 1You neednt come so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 6四、 dare, need 3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesnt dare (to) answer. 3. He needs t
8、o finish his homework today. 7五、 shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 8六、 will, would 1) 表示请求、建议等,常用于疑问句中
9、,would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? Would you like a cup of tea? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心,常用于肯定句中。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 9 1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to ta
10、ke care of the baby. 2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问 句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测,should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3.This is where the oil mu
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