虚拟语气外语教案.docx

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1、虚拟语气外语教案 虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法现在事实相反的假设 (1)若表示与，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式(would，should，could，might+动词原形); (2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should+动词原形也可用“wereto+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： IwouldcertainlygoifI_(have)time.(现在) Ifitshouldrain，wewouldntgoout.(将来) (3)若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式(should，wou

2、ld，could，might+have+过去分词)。如： IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier，I_caughtthetrain. Shewould/mighthavecomeifshe_beensobusy. IfIhadnt_(take)youradvice，Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake. (4)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： _theytime(=Iftheyhadtime

3、)，theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus. _itbefine(=Ifitshouldbefine)，wewouldgoforanouting. _Iyou(=IfIwereyou)，Iwouldgo. (4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： Ifit_rainedlastnight(过去)，Itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在). IfI_takenyouradvice(过去),Ishouldhavenotro

4、ublewiththeworknow(现在). 2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce. Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-

5、rayed. IwishI_asstrongasyou. Iwouldratherthatyou_toldhim.(没有告诉他) 3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural;Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed;itisapity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce. Itisreques

6、tedthatProfessorLi(_)giveusaspeech. Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight. 4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在suggestion，proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo. Myadviceisthatwe(_)sendforDo

7、ctorLi. Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch? 5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在asif引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符; 在sothat，inorderthat引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如： Theytalkedasifthey_friendsforyears. Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermot

8、her. Hetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain. 6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在itistime后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。 ItstimeIwasgoing. Itstimesomebody_(teach)youtobehaveyourself. 7.由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。 B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：wou

9、ld,could,might+动词原形。 C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。 Iwishthathe_solazy. IwishI_wastedsomuchtime. Iwishshewouldchangehermind. 8.hadhoped/planned/thought/wanted/intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 Ihadthoughthehadbeendeadforatleast20years. Ihadhopedthatshewouldg

10、ototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaid shelikedtostayinChina. 9.wouldrather. would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： Idratheryou_theletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 Iwouldpreferhedidntstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。 Iwouldjustassoonyouhadr

11、eturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 10.Its(high,about)timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 Itstimethatsomething_(do)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown. Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了 11.虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从句中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有： 1)unless(除非)，provided(倘若)，supposi

12、ng(假若)，providing(倘若),onconditionthat(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。 除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。 Hewouldntdoitunlessyouorderedhimto. 假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢? Providingyouhadtheopportunitytogoabroad,wherewouldyougo? 12.sothat(以便)，forfearthat(以免,唯恐)，inorderthat(以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，incase(

13、假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。 他把它藏起来以免她看见。 Hehiditlestshe(should)seeit. 我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。 IllgetsomebeerincaseJohnshouldcome. 他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。 Heenteredtheroomquietlyinorderthatheshouldnotwakehisroommate. 13.ifonly 如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式; 如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形; 如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词

14、。 ifonlyI_you! Ifonlyyou_comeyesterday! IfonlyLindacouldgowithustomorrow! IfonlyIhadsaidmoreaboutit! onlyif表示只有;ifonly则表示如果就好了。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。 Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。 Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。 虚拟语气精练60题 1.Theboyacted_hehadneverlivedinCana

15、dabefore. A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since 2.Ifyouwereoldenough,I_youtogothereyesterday. A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed 3.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey_themeninatonce. A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring 4.Ifwearrivedheretenminutesearlier,we_thebus. AshouldhavecatchB

16、.wouldhavecaughtC.hadcaughtD.wouldcatch 5.Donttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_you. A.wouldattackB.shouldattackC.wouldhaveattackedD.willattack 6.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday. A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe 7.HowIwishI_toreapairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse. A.hadtriedB.hadnt

17、triedC.havetriedD.didnttry 8.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport_immediatelyaftertheeXPerimentwasdone. A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten 9.IfonlyI_howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo. A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew 10.Ifhe_totheteacherattentively,he_theanswertotheprob

18、lemnow. A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow 11.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI_thatyouwerewaitingforme. A.didntknowB.hadntknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haventknown 12.ItisreallystrangethatMarry,whoisstillacollegestudnet,_soearly. A.hasbeenmarriedB.has

19、marriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry 13.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam. A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven 14.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty. A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended 15.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsf

20、oryears. A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen 16.Itisimportantthatyou_acommunicationwithMr.Williansimmediately. A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave 17.Itishightimewe_upourresults. A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum 18.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechild_. A.wouldnotdieB.wouldnothavediedC.couldnotdieD.coul

21、dnothavedied 19.Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything. A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown 20.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport. A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet 21.Kunarcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow. A.teachesB.willteachC.h

22、astaughtD.wouldteach 22.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI_yourphonenumberthen. A.hadnthadB.didnthaveC.shouldnthaveD.couldnthave 23.Ifit_anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff. A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didsee 24.Hesuggestedthatthey_useatrickinsteadoffighting. A

23、.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had 25.“Whydidntyoubuyanewcar?”“IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_enoughmoney.” A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad 26.Irecommendedthatthestudent_hiscompositionassoonaspossible. A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting 27.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,iftheydonly

24、letusknowearlier,_atthestation. A.wedmeetthemB.wellmeetthemC.wedhavemetthemD.wevemetthem 28.Wemighthavefailedifyou_usahelpinghand. A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive 29.TheLawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear. A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have 30ThelibrarianinsiststhatJoh

25、n_nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed. A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes 31.Thencameawordfromourbossthatweall_atpresentathisofficerightaway. A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe 32.-HelencouldntgottoFranceafterall. -Thatstoobad,Imsureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif_. A.shesgoneB.shellgoC.sh

26、edgoneD.shedgo 33Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_anhourbeforethediscussionbegins. A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo 34.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_intheeXPeriment. A.shouldntsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded 35.Inthepastmengenerallywouldratherth

27、attheirwives_inthehome. A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking .36.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_toseehisclassmatesoff. A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming 37.Itsabouttimepeople_noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar. A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake 38Somepeoplearetooparticularabo

28、utschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant_alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity. A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave 39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftodaysadvancedtechnology_. A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved 40.Thesunrisesin

29、theeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun_roundtheearth. A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling 41.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_asuddenloudnoise. A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen 42._morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk. A.Ifthecaptainwere

30、B.Hadthecaptainbeen C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen 43.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown. A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall 44.Sheinsistedthatshe_illofhimbehindhim，buthedidntbelieveit. A

31、.hadntspokenB.shouldntspeakC.wouldntspeakD.notspeak 45.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhistory. A.hadntreadB.hasntreadC.wouldntreadD.didntread 46.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI_nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit. A.didntknowB.wouldknowC.knewD.wouldhaveknown 47.Isn

32、titabouttimethatyou_topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork? A.wentB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo 48.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit_. A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken 49.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_toyourplan. A.didntagreeB.hadntagreedC.wouldntagreeD.notagree 50.Theyoungmani

33、nsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_freeimmediately. A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset 51.Ifyou_toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher? AareBwillbegoingChadDwere 52.Ifthewholeoperation_beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost. AwasnotplannedBhasnotbeenplannedChadnotbeenplanned

34、Dwerenotplanned 53.IfI_harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow. AhadworkedBworkedCweretoworkDwereworking 54.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass. AcouldhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDhaveslept 55.“Youareveryselfish.Itshightimeyou_youarenotthemostimportantpersoninthewor

35、ld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily. AhaverealizedBrealisedCrealizeDshouldrealise 56.IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_now. AwouldntbesmilingBcouldnthavesmiledCwontsmileDdidntsmile 57._formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand. ANotbeingBHaditnotbeenCwithoutbeingDNothavingbeen 58.Weres

36、hetoleaverightnow,she_thereonSunday. AhadgotBmighthavegotCwouldgotDhasgot 59.Thechildreninthebackseatmighthavebeenseriouslyinjuredifthedriver_thatthey wearseatbelts. AhasntbeeninsistingBhadntinsistedCwouldntinsistDwasntinsisting 60.ifonlyI_morecarefulthatday! AcouldbeBwouldhavebeenCshouldbeDhadbeen 第24页 共24页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页第 24 页 共 24 页