高中英语语法表语从句详解素材.docx
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1、高中英语语法表语从句详解素材 定义 表语从句定义:在一个复合句中,从句作的是主语的表语成分。 A The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人困惑 主语,连系动词,形容词作表语 The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪. 主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语-表语从句 B 连接表语从句的连接词有:that, what, who, when, where, why,whether,how.whoever,whomever,whichever ,whatever等 He has become a teacher
2、. 他已经成为一名老师。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。 She has remained there for an hour. 她曾在那里停留了一个小时。 She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. 她始终在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。 His suggestion is good. 他的建议是好的。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是,我们应当保持冷静。 The
3、question is confusing. 这个问题令人困惑. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。 Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。Why he cried yesterday. 昨天他为什么哭。 How I can persuade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能劝服她加入我们的派对。 Whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敌人正向我
4、们行进. 留意 A 表语从句肯定要用陈述语序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. B 不行以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)。 引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether 用心爱心专心which, 1 位于句首时要用whether 引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether False: The question is if the en
5、emy is marching towards us. Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. Right: It looked as if he had understood this question. C 不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一样。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. D
6、 that在表语从句中不行以省掉。 基本用法 表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词。 名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句 例如: The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们须要的东西。 (how 在表语从句中充当方式状语) The sciors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所须要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语) What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告知他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(w
7、hat在主语从句中作干脆宾语, that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分, 不能省略) That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当干脆宾语) That is why she failed to pa the exam.那就是她考试不及格的缘由。(why 在表语从句中充当缘由状语) 留意 “That is why.”是常用句型, 意为“这就是的缘由/因此”, 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语, 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的缘由进行总结, 又如: That is why you see this ol
8、d woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮, 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的缘由。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感惊诧, 说话人对她讲解并描述了其中的缘由之后,用这一句来进行概括)。/ That is why I came.这就是我来的缘由。 下面是两个与“That is why.”形式相像的结构, 它们与“That is why.”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清晰: (1)“That is why.”与“That is the reason why.”同义, 只不过从语法结构上讲, “That is the reason why.”中why引导的是个定
9、语从句, 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样, 例如: That is (the reason) why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。 (2)“That is because.”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语, 这也是个常用句型, 意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指缘由或理由, “That is why.”则指由于各种缘由所造成的后果, 例如: He did not see the film la
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