气象常用专业英语词汇(共11页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上主题词表 English Chinese01. 大气 atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学atmosphere 大气atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric mass 大气质量atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层standard pressure

2、 level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外逸层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星

3、大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气 （参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准

4、大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水蒸汽water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point temperature

5、 露点(温度)depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压saturation deficit 饱和差cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud amount 云量cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud for

6、m 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altostratus, As 高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratus, St 层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cl

7、oud 积状云cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort wind scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh

8、breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风predominant wind direction 主导风向prevailing wind 盛行风wind

9、pressure 风压wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源wind energy rose 风能玫瑰图visibility 能见度clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水

10、orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall amount 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic ra

11、in 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙尘暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾dust 浮尘dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风snow 雪sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴snow cover 积雪snowfall amount 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰hail 冰雹thun

12、der 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨lightning 闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇gra

13、upel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测 atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation

14、常规观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度

15、表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman- hygrometer 莱曼-湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph

16、空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表A

17、ssmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照

18、计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingaug

19、e 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗式雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸式雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨式风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表anemograph 风

20、速计meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声雷达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感meteorological satellite 气象卫星synoptic data 天气资料real time data 实时资料radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmissi

21、on model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学 atmospheric physics 大气物理学cloud physics 云物理学advection 平流convection 对流aerosol 气溶胶cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice point 冰点conden

22、sation 凝结evaporation 蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核weather modification 人工影响天气cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜artificial precipitation 人工降水cloud cluster 云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团cloud system 云系comma cloud s

23、ystem 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse r

24、adiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward tatal radiation 向上全辐射downward total radiation 向下全辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率albedo 反照率planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric window 大气窗atm

25、ospheric absorptivity 大气吸收率primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度atmospheric transparency 大气透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity

26、 大气浑浊度mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光halo 晕46 halo 46度晕22 halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓corona 华twilight colors 霞aurora 极光glory 宝光环magnetic storm 磁暴04. 大气化学 atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photolysis 大气

27、光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学atmospheric background 大气本底值atmospheric pollution 大气污染air pollution 空气污染primary pollutant 原生污染物secondary pollutant 次生污染物atmospheric cleaning 大气净化floating dust 飘尘dustfal

28、l 降尘greenhouse gasses 温室气体atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶ash cloud 烟灰云smog 烟雾smoke screen 烟幕acid rain 酸雨smoke 烟smoke plume 烟羽plume rise 烟羽抬升fallout 沉降物05. 动力气象学 dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irr

29、eversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层temperature gradient 温度梯度temperat

30、ure advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist ad

31、iabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程potential temperature 位温equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程-eq

32、uation 方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度atmospheric s

33、tability 大气稳定度static stability 静力稳定度absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件性不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标-coordinate

34、 坐标-coordinate 位温坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度vorticity 涡度Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern bran

35、ch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal

36、 circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流圈trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell meridional circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kel

37、vins theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度mesoscale model 中尺度模式general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式barotropic model 正压模式baroclinic model 斜压模式

38、06. 天气学 synoptic meteorology 天气学weather 天气synoptic chart 天气图weather symbol 天气符号barb 风速羽wind shaft 风矢杆wind arrow 风矢present weather 现在天气past weather 过去天气upper air chart 高空天气图surface chart 地面天气图isobaric surface 等压面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面contour chart 等压面图rainfall chart 雨量图isoli

39、ne 等值线isotherm 等温线isodrosotherm 等露点线isallotherm 等变温线isobar 等压线topographic isobar 地形等压线isallobar 等变压线contour line 等高线shear line 切变线squall line 飑线pressure field 气压场wind field 风场allobaric field 变压场anallobaric center 正变压中心katallobaric center 负变压中心humidity field 湿度场wet tongue 湿舌dry tongue 干舌dry line 干线te

40、mperature field 温度场cold tongue 冷舌warm tongue 暖舌pressure system 气压系统low pressure, depression 低气压deepening of a depression 低压加深cold low 冷低压warm low 暖低压mesoscale low 中尺度低压thermal low 热低压cut-off low 切断低压orographic depression 地形低压trough 低压槽trough line 槽线inverted trough 倒槽cold trough 冷槽long-wave trough 长波

41、槽East Asia major trough 东亚大槽cyclone 气旋cyclonic circulation 气旋性环流cyclonic shear 气旋性切变extratropical cyclone 温带气旋cyclone family 气旋族occluded cyclone 锢囚气旋cyclogenesis 气旋生成cyclolysis 气旋消散cold vortex 冷涡warm vortex 暖涡permanent depression 永久性低压semi-permanent depression 半永久性低压Aleutian low 阿留申低压Icelandic low 冰

42、岛低压Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone 江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaihe shear line 江淮切变线South China Sea depression 南海低压Mongolian low 蒙古低压Northeast China low 东北低压mid-tropospheric cyclone 对流层中层气旋Southwest China vortex 西南低涡high pressure 高气压cold high 冷高压warm high 暖高压ridge 高压脊ridge line 脊线warm ridge 暖脊col pressure field 鞍形气压

43、场high pressure barrier 高压坝deformation field 变形场anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation 反气旋环流anticyclonic shear 反气旋切变anticyclogenesis 反气旋生成anticyclolysis 反气旋消散permanent high 永久性高压semi-permanent high 半永久性高压subtropical high 副热带高压Siberian high 西伯利亚高压South Asia high 南亚高压blocking high 阻塞高压blocking situati

44、on 阻塞形势Ural blocking high 乌拉尔山阻塞高压Okhotsk high 鄂霍次克海高压Pacific high 太平洋高压Azores high 亚速尔高压air mass 气团air-mass analysis 气团分析air-mass source 气团源地air-mass classification 气团分类air-mass property 气团属性air-mass transformation 气团变性conservative property of air mass 气团保守性transformed air mass 变性气团warm air mass 暖气

45、团cold air mass 冷气团arctic air mass 北极气团polar air mass 极地气团tropical air mass 热带气团equatorial air mass 赤道气团continental air mass 大陆气团maritime air mass 海洋气团tropical marine air mass 热带海洋气团front 锋frontal surface 锋面frontal zone 锋区frontal slope 锋面坡度warm front 暖锋cold front 冷锋occluded front 锢囚锋cold occluded front 冷性锢囚锋warm occluded front 暖性锢囚锋neutral occluded front 中性锢囚锋rapidl