2022年初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案 .pdf

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1、精选欢迎下载unit 1-3 语法-不定式to do1不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to 加上动词原形（如 to write ） 所构成的一种动词形式，但在有些情况下to 可以省略。所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，都有不定式形式。没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2不定式的用法1）不定式结构作主语1. Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago 2. To fi

2、nish that task in such a short time is really a challenge 在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语（形式主语 it 不可由 that 或 this 等其他代词代替），而将不定式放到后面。如： 1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago 2. John admitted that it is always difficult fo

3、r him to be on time 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达：如： 1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载2. It is not difficult fot those talented

4、 students to pass the exam. 在某些形容词（如 careless ，clever ，considerate ，foolish ，good ，impolite ，kind ， naughty ，nice ，silly，stupid 等）作表语时，不定式后可以加of 来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth 2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing 2）不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to 的不定式，另一种是“及 物动词 +疑问

5、词 +带 to 的不定式。及物动词+带 to 的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford ， agree ， aim ， appear ， ask ，believe ， care ，claim ，decide demand ， desire ， determine ， expect ，fail， happen ， hesitate ， hope ， intend ， learn ， long ， manage ，offer ， pretend ， promise ， prepare ， refuse ， seek， swear ， undertake ，want ， wis

6、h 等。1. He managed to solve the complicated problem. 2. The stranger offered to show me the way. 3. Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa. 动词+疑问代 （副）词+不定式：这类动词常见的有advise ，decide ，find out ，forget ， inquire ，know ， learn ，精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - -

7、 - - -第 2 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载see， regard 初中英语语法总结，remember ， teach ， tell， understand ，wonder 等。常见的疑问代（副）词有: what ， when， where ， which ， how，whether 等。1. He does not know when to start. 2. You can decide whether to continue or to stop. 3.I will show you how to deal with it. 有时，不定式可由

8、it 代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词（如 find， think，consider ，feel 等）+it+ 形容词 + 不定式。I.She considers it necessary to make friends with him. 2. We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o lock. 3）不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式（表示条件 ）; 表语是不定式（表示结果 ）: 1. To see is to believe. 2. To work means to earn a livi

9、ng 另一种情况为主语是以aim , duty, hope ， idea Job， pla n problem， purpose ，thing，wish 等名词为中心的短语，或以what 引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：；例如：1. His aim is to study abroad in the n ear future .2. The most importa nt thing is to n egotiate with them about the price .精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - -

10、 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载3. What I want to say is to forget all the un happy experie nee 4）不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：1. There was really nothing to fear .2. He gave me an in terest ing book to read .如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：I. Mary n eeds a frie

11、 nd to play with .2. That girl has nothing to worry about 3. They have a strict teacher to listen to 4. Although the film had been on for ten minutes ， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on 第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：1. Have you got a key to unlock the door? 2. The action to be taken is corre

12、ct 3. There is nothing to be gained by pretending 第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努 力、倾向、目的、愿望、 is 算、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability , attempt , effort, impulse ， inclination ， wish 等。例如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载1. Her daughter w

13、ill make an even bigger effort to please her 2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou 3. Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary. 5）不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语：1. They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area 2. They are quite surprised because

14、 they see the great changes taking place in the area 3. He was lucky to arrive before dark 4. He was lucky because he arrived before dark 作目的状语：1.She raised her voice to be heared better 2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better 3. We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam 4. We wen

15、t via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam 作结果状语：1. The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilia ns 2. The French football team played so successfully that they eve n defeated the Brazilians .3. He got to the stati on only to be told the train had gone 精品资料 -

16、 - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载4. He got to the station and was told that the train had gone 不带 to 的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to, 在另一些搭配中可带to 可不带 to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to 不定式：1) 在 can / could , /may / might, will / would , shall / shoul

17、d , must, need ,dare 等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。2) 在表示感觉意义的动词，如see 初中英语语法总结， feel, watch ,notice ,smell,hear, observe 等后，或是表示致使”意义的动词，如have , let, make 等后， 动词不定式不带 to。例如：1.1 often heard him say that he would study hard .2.1 must have him see his own mistakes .但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to 不定式一般转换为带to 不例如: 1. He w

18、as often heard to say that he would study hard 2. After he had finished speaking ，he was made to answer innumerable questions 3) 在动词 help 之后可用不带to 的不定式，也可用带to 的不定式。例如：1. Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 24 页 - - -

19、- - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载4) 在 had better , would rather , may/ might as well , rather than , cannot but 等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to 。例如：1. Unless you feel to ill to go out ， I would rather not stay at home tonight 2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour. 5) 在 make do ， make believe ， let drop ，

20、1et fall ， 1et fly ， let slip ， let drive ， let go off , hear say , hear tell , leave go of 等固定搭配中，用不带to 的动词不 定式。例如：1. They let go of the rope 他们松开了绳子。2. John let fly a torrent of abuse at me 约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。3.Ive heard tell of him 我听说过他。4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students 由于生源不足，一些

21、教职员工被解雇了。6) 在介词 but 初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except 之后，如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带 to，表示不得不，只能”。例如：1. He will do anything except work on the farm 2. There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender 3. The spy was both hungry and cold ； there was nothing left for him but to give 精品资料 - - - 欢迎

22、下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining 下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to ：can not help but ，can not choose but ，can not but ，do nothing but ，have nothing to do but 。例如：I can not but admire his courage. 如果上述句

23、中有do， to 省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night 如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：I have no choice but to give up my idea. 7）紧跟在 why 或 why not 之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who , what, which , whether 等连接词后的不定式带to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning? You neednt

24、 decide yet whether to study arts or science 4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志to 前加 not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again 2. Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out 动词不定式练习一 . 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。1. He was so angry that he couldn tsay anything. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - -

25、欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I don t know when we will have the meeting. I don t know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _ . 4. That you read English in the morning is ver

26、y important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头）He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in tim

27、e. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. 11. We made him work five hours a

28、day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12. Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 13. We don t know what we shall do next. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载We don t know what _ _ next.

29、14.I m very sorry on hearing the bad news. I m very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17. My father promised （许诺） that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. 18. The

30、box is so heavy that I can t carry it. The box is too heavy _ me _ _ . 19. “Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20. “Don t make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise. 二 . 单选：1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape r

31、ecorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight欢迎下载2. The purpose of new technology is to make life

32、 easier, _ it more difficult. A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music . A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard 4. I don t know whether you happen _ ,but I am going to study i

33、n the U.S.A this September. A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard 5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 6. You were silly not _ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locke

34、d 7. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A .don t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make 8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots. A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 9. I d rather have a room of

35、my own, however small it is, than _ a room with someone else. A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing yesterday.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed

36、11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _ in a fire. A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed 12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 13.

37、As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 15. Will you lend him a magazine _ ? A. to be read B. for reading C. to r

38、ead D. he read 16. He could do nothing but _ for the bus _ .A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came 17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 18. There sa man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I th

39、ink he means _ trouble. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载D. to hear, saying, to be repaired 20. - You should have thanked her before you left. , but when I was leaving I couldn t find her anywhere. studied in. been studying pa

40、rents? 24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they will survive 25. When we hurried to the station, there happened time. A. to have B. to be C. having D. being 26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began A. making B. to make C. to have made D. havin

41、g made 19. I remember him the bike needed A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repair C. hearing, say, repairing - I meant A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 21. Robert is said to abroad, but I don t know what country he A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have 22. I

42、 m gong to Xi an next week. Have you anything to your A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy 23. when are they in their plan? A. hand B. handed C. to hand D. give A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. no bus at that 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 -

43、- - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选欢迎下载to rain. A. made B. having made C. making D. to make 27. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest. A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking 28. -Are you a student?

44、-No, but I used _ . A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a 29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room. A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shutting C. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut 30. With a lot of difficult problems _ , the newly-elected pr

45、esident is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 31. We re leaving at six o clock, and hope _ most of the journey by lunch time. A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made 32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _ . A. understood

46、B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精选A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been欢迎下载33. Who will you get _ the project for us? A. it what to do with B. what to do it with

47、 C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 35. We are not allowed _ _ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing 36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too h

48、eavy much 37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role _in making the earth a better place to live in. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person to 39. Do let your mother know all the truth,

49、she appears _ everything. toldA. design B. to design C. designed D. designing 34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 24 页 - - -

50、 - - - - - - - 精选A. to pass B. to have passed C. pass D. that he欢迎下载40. There are five pairs _ , but I m at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 41. The problem is _ difficult for us _ .A. so; work out B. very too; to be worked out C. rather too, to wor