2022年初三英语被动语态 .pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载动词的语态动词的语态用以说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词形式为主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词形式为被动语态。被动语态与主动语态一样，也是中考的重要考点之一，分值约占中考总分值的8%。考查的内容主要有被动语态的用法、被动语态的结构、被动语态与主动语态的相互转化、不能使用被动语态的句型等。考查的形式包括用所给的动词的适当形式填空、单项选择、句型转换、完型填空、阅读理解等。1被动语态的构成被动语态和主动语态一样，也有各种时态形式，其基本结构是，be+过去分词。被动语态的谓语和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系。初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态：(1)一般现在时：

2、am/is /are+过去分词History is made by people.历史是由人民创造的。(2)一般过去时： was/were+过去分词The book was written by him.这本书是他写的。The radio wasnt mended last week.上周这台收音机没被修理。（3）一般将来时： a. am/is/are going to be+过去分词；b.will/shall be +过去分词。Some trees will be planted this spring.今年春天将要植一些精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -

3、 - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载树。Shall we be asked to study English?会不会要我们去学英语？（4）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词The man must be sent to hospital.这个人必须被送往医院。（5）现在进行时： am/is/are+being+过去分词Some trees are being planted by the students. Is a few factory eing built in

4、your village? (6) 现在完成时： have/has been +过去分词She is unhappy because she hasnt been asked to the party.她不高兴，因为她没有被邀请去参加聚会。被动语态的基本用法：（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时用被动语态。Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早上八点收取。The glass was broken last night.玻璃被打坏了。（2）为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。例如：The plan has alread

5、y been made.计划已经制定好了。The bag was taken away by his sister.那个包被他姐姐拿走了。（3）在上下文中，为了使句子衔接更紧密（结构的需要）时要用被动语态。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载I have a new bike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father.我有一辆新自行车。它是父亲作为

6、生日礼物送给我的。(3)在新闻报道或科技论文中，常用被动语态来表示客观事实。A car accident happened on the highway this morning. Three man were killed,the wounded were taken away to the hospital at once and policeman were sent there to cope with the event.今天早上高速公路发生一起车祸。三人丧生，伤者被马上送往医院，并派了警察去处理这一事件。被动语态使用中应注意的问题1. 主动语态变为被动语态的方法。a. 宾语主语：把

7、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。例如：这个国家人们说法语。People speak French in the country. French is spoken in the country. 他在打一份报告She is typing a report. A report is being typed by her. 主语谓语被动谓语： be 动词要按新主语的人称和数作变化，谓语由主动结构变为被动结构。例如： The repairman is fixing the ovens. 修理工在修理炉子。The ovens are being fixed (by the repairman). 炉

8、子在修理中。 The police have caught the thief. 警察已经抓住了小偷。The thief has been caght(by the police). 小偷已经被抓。My sister took good care of me. 我姐姐很好的照顾我。I was taken good care of(by my sister) 我被（姐姐）照顾得很好。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下

9、载把主动语态的主语，改为by+原主语放在主谓结构之后。在意思明确时 by 短语可以省略。如：We speak English. English is spoken by us. （2）含有双宾语是句子有主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况。把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语留在原位。把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语。此时，间接宾语前要加介词“to ”和“ for ”.例如： He gave the boy an apple. 他给男孩一个苹果。 The boy was given an apple(by him). An apple was given to the boy. （3）若动词短语为不

10、可分割的整体，短语中的介词不能省略。1.We must take good care of the young trees.The young tress must be taken good care of. 2.You must pay attention to the problem. The problem must be paid attention to. (4)感官动词或使役性动词在主动语态中与省略“to” 的动词不定式连用，但变为被动语态的时候，必须还原“to”I often hear her sing in the next room. She is often heard

11、to sing in the next room. (5)主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语只将主动语态中宾语变为被动语态的主语。宾语补足语不变。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载We should keep our school clean and tidy.我们应该保持学校的干净和整洁。Our school should be kept clean and tidy. I find him in bad health.

12、我发现他身体很差。He was found in bad health. 主动形式表被动意义的情况表示主语内在特性的动词，如：read, write, wash, sell cut, open, clean等常与副词 well, easily, smoothly 等连用。The pen writes well. The books sell well. 连系动词：一“be”一“出现” （appear） 三“保持”(stay, remain, keep)四“起来” （ look ，smell, sound, taste）五“变成”(become, get, grow, fall, turn)还有

13、“好像”（seem ）和“感觉” (feel)这些词加上形容词表被动。例: The food tastes delicious. 这个是我尝起来很好吃。The soup smells great. 这个汤闻起来真棒。动词need, require, want, deserve后接 Ving 的主动结构表被动意义。The car needs cleaning. 你的车需要洗了。Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发需要剪了。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12

14、 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载有些动词，如 cook，print 等，常用主动结构表被动意义。The lunch is cooking. 不用被动语态的五种情况（1）谓语为连系动词时不用被动语态。He looks fine.他看起来气色很好。The material feels soft. 这个材料摸起来感觉很柔软。（2）谓语为不及物动词（短语） ，如 appear, fail, happen, fall asleep break out, die, end, last, remain, sit, come true, take place, lie. 不能用

15、被动语态。The war broke out in the end. 战争最终爆发了。I happened to meet him there. 我碰巧在那遇见他。（3）宾语为动词不定式，动词的ing 形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法，爱好，或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。He decided to go with us. 他决定和我们一起去。She likes to swim.她喜欢游泳。（4）宾语是相互代词，反身代词，同源宾语时等，一般不用被动语态。We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。He thinks of himself too much.他为自己考虑得太

16、多。（5）宾语表示处所，地点时，一般不用被动语态。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载We will reach the station in two hours. 我们两小时内将到达车站。He has gone to London. 他已经去伦敦。点击中考一 选择题（真题回放）1.He fall of the tree. A. was seen to B. was seen C. saw to D. saw 2.

17、An accident last night. A. was happened B. happened C. happens D. is happened. 3.Great changes in our city since 19e 80. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place D. have been taken place. 4.Students to close the windows before they leave the physics and chemistry lab. A. tell B. will be

18、 told C. was inviting D. invited 5.Many students in Sichuan to shanghai to study last year. A. be sent B are sent C. were sent D. have been sent 6.Thanksgiving Day on the fourth Thursday in November in the U.S every year. A.is celebrated B. was celebrated C. will celebrated D.is celebrating 7.This w

19、as the first time David to join in an out-of-school activity. A. asked B. was asked C.asks D.is asked 8.It is almost known to all that the Olympics Games every four years. A. hold B.is held C.holds D.are held 9.The foreign guests around our city by our school bus this afternoon. A.will be shown B.wi

20、ll show C.would be shown D.would show 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载10.Finally,the big serious forest fire by the firemen yesterday. A.puts out B.had put out C.was put out D.has put out 11.More monkey to protect the envir

21、onment next year. A.uses B.is used C.will use D.will be used 12.Do you think this shirt real silk? A.is made of B.is made from C.is made up of D.is made into 13.The newspaper says that more money fighting pollution next year. A.will spend B.will be spent C.would spend D.would be spent 14.The fire ou

22、t by firemen in that building an hour ago. A. was put B. puts C. is putting D. is put 15.A candidate for the post at the moment. A.is interviewing B.being interviewing C.interviewing D.is being interviewed 二用所给词的适当形式填空。1.English _(speak) all over the world. 2.Jim can _(draw) 3.Trees _(plant) last ye

23、ar. 4.The work_(finish) in three days. 5.They _(fly)to America yesterday. 6.The book cant _(take)out of the library.7.The sick man _(operate) on now. 8.The classroom _already _ (clean). 9.The trees _(water) just now. 10.Can the book _ （read）out of the library. 三句型转换A.（将下列主动语态的句子转换为被动语态）1.Farmers gro

24、w rice in the south. _. 2.They cut down many trees in the past. _. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2. Someone must take care of the children when we go out. _. 3. People will never forget the accident. _. 4. Xiao Liu has in

25、vited Tim to a lunch party. _. 5. Wokers are building a bridge over the river. _. 6. He was writing a letter at that time. _. B.将下列被动语态的句子变为主动语态。1.Spanish is spoken in South America.(people) _. 2.The homework must be finished today.(the students) _. 3.All the new words must be looked up in a diction

26、ary. _. 四根据所给汉语提示，完成句子。1.世界上许多国家都讲英文。English_ _ in many countries all over the world. 2.你知道纸是中国发明的吗？Do you know that paper _ _ in China . 3.这台电视这儿能修理。The TV set _ _ _ here. 4.我们村里明年要建一座桥。A bridge_ _ _in our village next year. 5.这个问题正在讨论中。你能给我一些建议吗? The problem _ _ _now . Can you give me some advice？

27、6.窗子已经关了吗？ 是的，已经关好了。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载_the windows _ _ already? _Yes ,they are. 7.你应该自己做家庭作业。Your homework _ _ _ by yourself. 7. 足球比赛什么时候举行？When _the football game _ _. 8. 这本书肯定是刘博士写的。The book _ _ _by Dr.Brown

28、. 五按括号中的要求完成下列各题。1.The book may be kept for two weeks.( 对划线部分提问 ) _ _ _the books _ _ 2.Your homework must be handed in today.( 改为主动语态 ) _ _ _ in your homework today. 3.the postcards have been sent by his sister.(改为一般疑问句 ) _ the postcards_ _by his sister? 4.The test is very difficult,so many students

29、cant understand it.(改为同义句) The test is too difficult to _. 5.The children are looked after carefully(改为同义句 ) The children _ _ _ _ _. 六改错1.The old man should speak to politely. ( ) _ A B C D 2.Did the boy take care of by his mother?( )_ A B C D 3.Is the boy taken care well by his mother.( ) _ A B C D

30、 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载4.They were planted many trees yesterday.( ) _ A B C D 5.Look! the man is sending to the hospital.( ) _ A B C D 6.Did the window cleaned yesterday? () _ A B C D 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -