2022年动词不定式要点总结 .pdf

《2022年动词不定式要点总结 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年动词不定式要点总结 .pdf（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、学习好资料欢迎下载动词不定式要点总结动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。一、常接不定式作宾语的动词有want，love ，learn ，agree ，decide ，hope，refuse等。例如：Im learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。特别提醒不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。例如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现入睡很困难。二、动词不定式常用作目的状语。

2、例如：He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们作了个报告。Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的医生了。三、 tell，ask，want ，order ，get ，wish，warn，teach ，invite等动词后常跟不定式作宾语的补足语，构成tell/ ask sb to do sth（“告诉 / 请某人做某事”）结构。例如：Could you ask him to call me，please ？ 请你让他给我打个电话，好吗？特别提醒 使役动词 let ， make ，have 等，感官动词s

3、ee，hear ， feel ，watch，notice ，look at，listen to等，后常跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位妇女路过时看到（它掉下）了。We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。注意：在被动语态句子中，不定式前必须加to. 例如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 17 页 - -

4、 - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载He was made to do it. 他被迫做这件事。She was often heard to sing in the next room. 经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。四、不定式短语作定语要放在被修饰的词语之后。例如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事情要做。五、不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式短语放在后面。例如：It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是有益的。六、作表语。例如：To him ，the first important thing was

5、 to save lives. 对他来说，最重要的事情就是拯救生命。His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。七、动词不定式用在疑问词how，when，where，what，which 等之后，作宾语或宾语补足语。例如：He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用计算机。I dont know where to go？ 我不知道去哪里。1) 动词 + 不定式afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be, decide, bother, care, choo

6、se, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertake The driver failed to see the other car in time. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - -

7、- - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2) 动词 + 不定式；动词 +宾语 + 不定式ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish I like to keep everything ti

8、dy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。3) 动词 + 疑问词 + to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做

9、。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。如：The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。2. 不定式作补语1) 动词 + 宾语 + 不定式 (to do) advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel,

10、consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, find, forbid, force, guess, hire, imagine, impel, induce, inform, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, request, require, select, send, state, suppose, tell, think, train, trust, understand, urge, warn a.Father will

11、 not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b.We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。Find 的特殊用法Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载I found him lying on t

12、he ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 典型例题The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying答案： A.find 的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。acknowledge, believe, consider, think, dec

13、lare(声称 ), discover, fancy(设想 ), feel, find,guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解 ), show, suppose, take(以为 ), understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer. A. to inventB. inventing C. to

14、have invented D. having invented答案： A. 由 consider to do sth. 排除 B、D。.此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而 C 为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。3) to be +形容词seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean The book is believed

15、to be uninteresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。4) there be+不定式believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。注意:有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary too

16、k him as her father .玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。3. 不定式作主语1) Its easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next

17、, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough Its so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2) Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, consid

18、erate(考虑周到的 ), silly, selfish(自私的 ) It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意 1) 其他系动词如，look ，appear 等也可用于此句型2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to

19、 see. Its for sb. 和 Its of sb. 1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2) of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好

20、了。for 与 of 的辨别方法用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。 如果道理上通顺用of， 不通则用for。 如： You are nice.( 通顺，所以应用 of)。 He is hard.( 人是困难的，不通，因此应用for 。) 4. 不定式作表语不定式可放在be 动词后面， 形成表语。 例如：My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor. 5. 不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do. So he ma

21、de some candles to give light. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载6. 不定式作状语1) 目的状语To only to ( 仅仅为了 ), in order to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此 以便 )He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to sa

22、y good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3)表原因Im glad to see you. 典型例题The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on答案： B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。

23、当动词与介词连用时，常位于形容词 + 动词不定式 结构的末尾。用作介词的to to 有两种用法： 一为不定式 + 动词原形； 一为介词 + 名词 /动名词 , to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即 to+ 名词 /动名词： admit to 承认， confess to 承认， be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，turn to 开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于，look forward to盼望， pay attention to 注意省 to 的动词不定式1) 情态动词(

24、除 ought 外，ought to) ：2) 使役动词let, have, make：3) 感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. 4) would rather，had bette

25、r ：5) Why / why not：6) help 可带 to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：7) but 和 except ：but 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带to 的动词不定式。8) 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：9) 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be ：He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。 举例：He wants to move to France and marry the

26、 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 典型例题1) - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boa

27、t for a change? A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and goD.try going答案： D. why not 后面接不带to的不定式，因此选D。2) Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning答案： B. make 后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时， to 不可省略。动词不定式的否定式Tell him not to shut the windowShe pretended

28、 not to see me when I passed by.我走过的时候，她假装没看见。典型例题1) Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut答案： B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为 tell sb not to do sth. 2)She pretended _ me when I passed by. A.not to see B. not seeingC. to not see D.having not seen答案： A。 pretend 后应

29、接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driverC. never driving D. never drive答案： A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never. 4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _.

30、 A. not toB. not to doC. not do it D. do not to答案： A。not to 为 not to do it的省略形式。可以只用 to 这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do 后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D 不对。5) The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eatD. not eating答案： C。warn 一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to

31、 do。不定式的特殊句型tooto 1) too to太以至于 He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗 ? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载- Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这

32、箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2)如在 too 前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为 不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语 )改过不嫌晚。3) 当 too 前面有 only, all, but时，意思是：非常等于 very 。Im only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。不定式的特殊句型so as to 1) 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept

33、quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。2) so kind as to -劳驾Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾，现在几点了。不定式的特殊句型Why not Why not +动词原形 表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不 ? 干吗不 ?例如： Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假 ? 不定式的时态和语态时

34、态 语态主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing 完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式to have been doing 1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.= I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trou

35、ble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载stop to do stop

36、 doing forget to do forget doing remember to do&n bsp; remember doing cease to do cease doing try to do try doing go on to do go on doing afraid to do afraid doing interested to do interested doing mean to do mean doing regret to do regret doing begin/start to do begin/start doing 特殊词精讲stop doing/to

37、 do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。典型例题She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. resting C. to restD. rest答案： C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do s

38、th.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。stop doing/to do forget doing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做 ) The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作) Dont forget to come tomo

39、rrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做 ) 典型例题- The light in the office is still on. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载- Oh, I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off答案： C。由 the light is still on

40、 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而 forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事(未做 ) remember doing记得做过某事(已做) Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗? regret doing/to do regret to do对

41、要做的事遗憾。(未做 ) regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C.to have done D.hav

42、ing done答案： D。regret having done sth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。cease doing/to do cease to do长时间，甚至永远停做某事。cease doing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。That department has ceased to exist forever.那个部门已不复存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天

43、。try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事。try doing试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go

44、on doing继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕；be afraid of doing担心出现 doing 的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕 。She was

45、 afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。be interested doing/to do interested to do对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。interested in doing对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。I shall be

46、 interested to know what happens.我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解 ) Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?(一种想法 ) mean to doing/to do mean to do打算、想mean doing意味着I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purch

47、asing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry.我开始生起气来。3) 在 attempt, intend, begin, star

48、t 后接 know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载式 to do 。I begin to understand the truth.我开始明白真相。4) 物作主语时It began to melt.感官动词+ doing/to do感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to,

49、smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调 我看见了这个事实 ) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调 我见他正干活这个动作 )昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题1) They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. t

50、o grow答案： A.因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。2) The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play答案： A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用 see sb. doing sth句型。动词不定式用法举要动词不定式专题练习1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape re