初中英语语法：宾语从句.doc

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1、初中英语语法：宾语从句初中英语语法：宾语从句句型：主语+连词+宾语从句复合句中作并与的从句叫宾语从句，并与从句可以由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词引导，这三类词在句中的功能各异，请见下表具体用法词类从属连词在句中的功能that在句中不担任成分，可省略whether，if在句中也不担任成分，但不可省略除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中担任成分，作主语，宾语，表语，定语举例thatwhetherifwhowhomwhosewhatwhich连接副词whenWhere除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中担任成分，作状语Howwhy中文翻译一般不翻译是否是否谁（主格）谁（宾格）谁的（所有格）什么，所的哪个什么

2、时候（时间）什么地方（地点）怎样，如何为什么，原因，之所以连接代词1.宾语从句的用法Weknow(that)weshouldstudyhard.（that可以省略且在句子中不作任何成分）Idontthinkhecanpassthatexam.（think后的that一般都省略不用，believe和suppose也是如此）Wedontknowwhether/ifourteacherswillattendtheclassmeeting.（whether/if连接主句Wedontknow和从句，不作任何成分但不可省略）Pleaseletmeknowwhetherornotyoullcometothe

3、wedding.（whetherornot不作任何成分，只起连接作用，此时不能用if）Iknowwhocookedthegreatfood.（who既作连接代词，又在从句中作主语）Youmusttakebackwhatyousaid.（what既作连接代词，又在从句中作谓语动词said的宾语）Couldyoutellmewhoheis?（who既作连接代词，连接主句couldyoutellme和从句，又在从句中作表语）HeaskedmewhichshirtIlikebeat.（which在从句中作定语，修饰shirt）Iwanttoknowwhentheplanewilltakeoff.（wh

4、en既作连接副词，连接主句Iwanttoknow和从句theplanewilltakeoff，又在从句中作时间状语）Hetoldmewheretheaccidenthappened.（主句是hetoldme，where是连接副词，在从句中作地点状语）OurteacheraskedmewhyIwaslate.（why在从句中作原因状语）MikeaskedmehowIcoulddotheworkwithoutanyhelp.（how在从句中作方式状语）可带宾语从句的形容词：在动词，介词，动词不定时，动词ing形式和过去分词后都可以带宾语从句，某些形容词，如sure，happy，glad，certa

5、in，pleased等之后也可以带宾语从句Imsure(that)Peterwilllikethisbook.Weareglad(that)Bobwillattendourteaparty.2.使用宾语从句需注意的问题1.）时态的一致（主从句时态的一致）宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定Ithinkheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcome.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时）那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态（一般过去时，

6、过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknowwholiveshere.Iknewwholivedhere.Everydayourpersonnelmanagerasksusifeverybodyishere.Ourpersonnelmanageraskedusifeverybodywashere.Hehassaidthathehasseenit.Hesaidthathehadseenit.2.）语序的变化陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变陈述句：Heisanhonestman.宾语从句：Isaidthathewasanhonestman.陈述句：Wellwin.宾语从句：Webelievewel

7、lwin.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序要变为陈述句语序，用if/whether连接宾语从句一般疑问句：Doeshestudyhard?宾语从句：Iwonderif/whetherhestudieshard.一般疑问句：Willtheywin?宾语从句：Iaskedif/whethertheywouldwin.引导动词的宾语从句whether和if一般可互换，若后面有ornot则只能用whether不能用ifIwonderwhetherhestudieshardornot.引导介词的宾语从句则只能用whether连接不能用ifThepicnicwilldependonwhetherthewea

8、therwillbefineornot.如果一句话中宾语从句很长，那么可以用it作为形式宾语，以免句子头重脚轻HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.3.）特殊疑问句变宾语从句时，语序要变为陈述句语序，用连接代词或连接副词（意思就是保留原来的疑问词）连接宾语从句特殊疑问句：Whoishe?宾语从句：Doyouknowwhoheis?特殊疑问句：Whatdoeshewant?宾语从句：Idontknowwhathewants.特殊疑问句：Whendidheleave?宾语从句：Iknowwhenheleft.特殊疑问句：Wherewillh

9、earrive?宾语从句：Heaskedmewherehewouldarrive.特殊疑问句：Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthejob?宾语从句：Didyourbossknowhowlongittookyoutofinishthejob?特殊疑问句：Whywontyouspendtheholidaywithyourparents?宾语从句：ShewantstoknowwhyIwontspendtheholidaywithmyparents.特殊疑问句：Whichskirtdoyoulikebest?宾语从句：MymotheraskedmewhichskirtIlike

10、dbest.如果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变，变为宾语从句时，其语序依然不变Whowentthere?Iwonderwhowentthere?扩展阅读：初中英语语法宾语从句讲解,专项练习及答案初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(

11、动词宾语)HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)2.连接词(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词

12、的宾于是只用whether不用ifeg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwellgoonthepinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g.Couldyoutellmewhatsthematterwrongwithyou?特殊情况：当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句

13、时，句式结构应为引导词doyouthink陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Doyouknow（if/whetherhehasseenthefilm）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：Ididntknow（if/whetherhehadseenthefilm.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun.）Theteachertoldus（t

14、hatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveus

15、atalk?Idontknow.Idontknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive?Doyouknowwherehelives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化

16、的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：IdontknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.Idontknowwhichsweatertobuy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?4.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watc

17、h，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Haveyoudecided_forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme_?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.Toml

18、iveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme_.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema4.Ithink_youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how5.Ididntknow_hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how6.Iwonder_.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchthe

19、seshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost7.Sheaskedme_.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis8.Askhim_.A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup9.Idontknow_.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong_.

20、A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill11.Theweatherforecastdoesntsay_.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow12.Doyouknow_?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto13.Couldyoutellmewhere_?A.thetapewasB.wasth

21、etapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape14.Theywanttoknow_?A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying15.Tonywantedtoknow_.A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstoc

22、king16.Nooneknows_theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if17.Julydidntknow_.A.whereisTimsfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch18.Noonetoldus_,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo19.

23、Wedontknow_withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo20.Heaskedme_.A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyC.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundoutD.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney21.Didyouhear_?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.Isaidwh

24、atD.whatIsay22.Canyoutellme_?A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouinC.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass23.-Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_?-Certainly.A.whencanIgettothestationB.IcangettowhichstationC.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation24.Couldyoutellmewhere_yesterday?A.didyougoB.yougoC.youh

25、avegoneD.youwent25.Tomaskedme_.A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswasC.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas26.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_?A.wherestheteachersofficeB.wheresthebusstationC.whatsshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis27.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdontknow_.A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.whe

26、redoesshelive28.-GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.-ButIdontknow_.A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivesC.whereishelivingD.helivesthere29.-Canyoutellme_?-Yes,helivesinasmalltown.A.wherehelivesB.whoissingingC.whenhewillleaveD.whathesaid30.Haveyoudecided_forLondon?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whenyouwillleaveC.whenareyougoingD

27、.whenyouaregoing31.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_ourtickets?A.wheredoweshowB.whereshallweshowC.wheredidweshowD.whereweshallshow32.-Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?-Weareallinterestedin_.A.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.HoweggfriesD.howdoeseggfry33.Doyouknow_?A.whatitisB.whatisitC.whoisheD.whosenamei

28、sit34.Doyouknow_?A.whosebookisthisB.whosebookthisisC.thisbookiswhoseD.whosbookthisis35.Idontknow_now.A.whereismycatB.mycatiswhereC.wheremycatisD.wheremycat36.Doesheknow_?A.whatsyournameB.whatnameisyourC.whatyourisnameD.whatyournameis37.Doyouknow_?A.whichfloorhelivesB.whichfloorhelivesonC.helivesonwh

29、ichfloorD.whichfloordoesheliveson38.Tellmewhere_?A.isthehospitalB.thehospitalisC.ishospitalD.hospitalis39.Hehasntdecided_.A.ifhellgoonatriptoWuxiB.whenwillhegoonatriptoWuxiC.ifhegoesonatriptoWuxiD.whendoeshegoonatriptoWuxi40.Canyousee_?A.whathesreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat能力

30、提高练习1.Idontknow_hewillcometomorrow._hecomes,IlltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhellcome3.Couldyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.how

31、didhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

32、8.Idontknow_.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendontknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Icantunderstand_.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.wha

33、tChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans11.Idontknow_hewillbebackhome.A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where12.Couldyoutellme_?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein13.Doyoustillremember_?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay14.Icantundersta

34、nd_theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft15.Shetoldmethesun_intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen16.Theytriedtofindout_thenewtrain_.A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgoneC.howfar/wentD.howfar/hadrun17.Themanagercameuptosee_.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthema

35、tterisD.whatsthematter18.Canyoutellme_?A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit19.Heaskedhisfather_.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen20.Noonetellsus_，soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit21.Couldyoupleaseteachm

36、e_thecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking22._hellcomeornotisntimportant.A.WhyB.IfC.WhetherD.What23.Wouldyouliketoknow_theywilldoitornot.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.why24.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry，Ivenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.didbought25.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Who

37、cantell_itwouldbelikein_fiveyears.A.how;anotherB.what;moreC.how;otherD.what;another26.Couldyoutellme_?Yes.He_totheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone27.Mikewantstoknowif_apicnictomorrow.Yes.Butifit_，wellvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave;willrainB.youwillh

38、ave;willrainC.youwillhave;rainsD.willyouhave;rains28.Idontknowifhe_tomorrow.Ifhe_，Illmeethim.A.willcome;comesB.comes;comesC.willcome;willcomeD.comes;willcome29.Ireallydontknowifshe_itwhenshe_.A.finds;arrivesB.finds;willarriveC.willfind;willarriveD.willfind;arrives30.Canyoumakesure_.thegoldring?A.whe

39、reAlicehasputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehadputD.wherehasAliceput31.-WhenaretheShutesleavingforNewYork?-Pardon?-Iasked_.A.whenaretheShutesleavingforNewYorkB.whentheShutesareleavingforNewYorkC.whenweretheShutesleavingforNewYorkD.whentheShuteswereleavingforNewYork32.Couldyoutellme_?Ihavesomethingint

40、erestingtotellhim.A.whereisLiHongB.whereLiHongisC.wherewasLiHongD.whereLiHonghasbeento33.-Couldyoutellme_?A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospitalB.whenisThanksgivingC.whichanimaldoeshelikebestD.whattimewillthedolphinshowstart34.Iwanttoknow_.A.whatishisnameB.whatshisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis35.

41、Heaskedme_.A.ifshewillcomeB.howmanybooksIwanttohaveC.theywouldhelpusdoitD.whatwaswrongwithme36.Doyoustillremember_atthemeeting?A.thatJimsaidB.whatJimsaidC.didJimsaidthatD.whatdidJimsaid37.-Excuseme,_tothenearestbookshop,please?-Gostraightandtakethesecondturningontheleft.A.wherethewayisB.whichthewayi

42、sC.whereisthewayD.whichistheway38.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes.IwantatickettoSuqian.Tellme_taketogetthere.A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit39.-Ihearwellhaveanewteacherthisterm.-Really?Doyouknow_?A.whatsubjectdoesheteachB.whatsubjectwillheteachC.whatsubjectheteachesD.whatsubjectishego

43、ingtoteach40.Heaskedhisteacher_.A.iftherewasamonsterinLochNessB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.howwouldthescientistsfindouttheresultD.wherecouldhefindthelibrary41.Doyouknow_overthere?A.whathappensB.whatwashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatdidhappen42.-Doyouknow_wewillarriveatyourhometown?-Thisafternoon.A.w

44、henB.whyC.ifD.where43.Couldyoutellme_toMountPutuotomorrow?A.howyouwillgoB.howwillyougoC.howyouhavegoneD.howhaveyougone44.Couldyoutellme_?A.whichroomhelivesB.whichroomhelivedC.whichroomdidheliveinD.whichroomhelivesin45.-Doyouknow_heis?-Hesays“1.75meters”,butImnotsure.A.howmanyB.howoldC.howfarD.howtal

45、l46.Shesaidshe_mefivelettersinonemonth.A.haswrittenB.willwriteC.hadwrittenD.wrote47.Canyoutellme_sheiswaitingfor?A.whyB.whoseC.whomD.which48.Idontknow_hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether49.-Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_Isaid,David?-Yes,mum.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if50.Idliketoknow_.A

46、.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhashereceivedhighereducationC.thathehasbeenbusyD.whethershewilljoininourEnglishevening51.Couldyoutellme_?A.whenshallwestartB.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethebusstationisD.whywereyoulate52.-Doyouknow_?Imgoingtoseehim.-Sorry,Idontknow.A.wheredoesTomliveB.wheredidTomlive

47、C.whereTomlivesD.whereTomlived53.Heaskedme_.A.whodidkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheldC.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.wherewillthe202*Olympicsbeheld54.Shewantedtoknow_hermotherlikedthepresent.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.what55.Couldyoutellme_?A.whoissheB.wheresthenearestfastrestaurantC.ifhewillcometomorrowD.whichwayistotheundergroundstation56.Doyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.willheco