托福阅读十大题型解题方法课件.pptx
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1、TOEFL READING Final十大题型解题方法Reading measures the ability to understand academic reading matter准确、迅速准确、迅速把握关键信息的能力把握关键信息的能力托福阅读考试简介 四项中的第一项,一般考3篇文章(如果加试,则是4篇)。 文章一般为议论文或说明文,每篇700词左右,之后有13-14道题目。 除特殊说明(如最后一大题)之外,所有题目小分值为1分,三篇总体小分值45分,最终成绩按照30分标准分换算,换算标准如下图所示。 词汇词汇 句子句子理解理解 句间关系句间关系 文章结构文章结构 托福阅托福阅读是以读是
2、以句子句子为为核心的考试核心的考试 (单词单词+句法句法) 词汇题 指代题 事实信息题(细节题) 否定事实信息题(选非题) 句子简化题 推断题 修辞目的题(作者意图题) 句子插入题 文章小结题 / 图表题考查重点考查重点十大题型十大题型出题方出题方式式The word“X” in the passage is closest in meaning to 考考查查关关键键理解单词在语境中的含义 词汇量要求 8000+ 背单词! 词汇题做法Paleontologist PaleontologySkeletonSkullFossilfossilizeStrataDinosaurTrilobiteAr
3、thropodJurassicCretaceousCambrianSedimentSpineInvertebrateCold-bloodedWarm-bloodedstresseddessertsPotteryPorcelainCeramicsPotWareVesselSculptureSurfaceGlazePigmentSproutOreKiln词根词缀各种联想(谐音,图像,多个单词编段子)一次大量,多次重复词以类记美剧、电影情景记忆不会背背了忘,忘了背,循环往复在文章里,它认得我,我不认得它 认识1. 直接选 + 带回文章确认2. 选不出通过词义褒贬色彩判断 + 带回文章确认 不认识1.
4、 词根词缀2. 回文章找同、反义对应认识褒义色彩TPO 1-2-1. The word “championed” in the passage is closest in meaning to changed debated created supported认识褒义色彩TPO 1-2-1. The word “championed” in the passage is closest in meaning to changed debated created supported认识贬义色彩TPO 3-3-10. The word “pales” in the passage is close
5、st in meaning to increases proportionally differs loses significance is common认识贬义色彩TPO 3-3-10. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to increases proportionally differs loses significance is common词根词缀TPO 1-1-7. The word “overlie” in the passage is closest in meaning to cover change
6、 separate surround词根词缀TPO 1-1-7. The word “overlie” in the passage is closest in meaning to cover change separate surroundover 在上面 lie 躺着 覆盖同义概念TPO 3-3-1. The word “particular” in the passage is closest in meaning to natural final specific complexand their particular structure depends on the specifi
7、c history of the area. 同义概念TPO 3-3-1. The word “particular” in the passage is closest in meaning to natural final specific complexand their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. 反义概念TPO 6-3-2. The word “plausible” in the passage is closest in meaning to flexible believabl
8、e debatable predictableAnother seemingly plausible explanationthat infants do not form enduring memories at this point in developmentalso is incorrect. 反义概念TPO 6-3-2. The word “plausible” in the passage is closest in meaning to flexible believable debatable predictableAnother seemingly plausible exp
9、lanationthat infants do not form enduring memories at this point in developmentalso is incorrect. 出题方式出题方式The word “X”in the passage refers to 考查关考查关键键单词间的指代关系,尤其是代词与其指代本体间的关系,(对长难句主干的把握) 应对技应对技巧巧往前找,两个一致1. 数量单、复数2. 性质动作发出者的特性非代词TPO 1-1-5. The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage refers to fast r
10、ivers glaciers the huge volumes of water created by glacial melting the particles carried in water from melting glaciers-The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that deposited - particlessand grains and tiny pebbles非代词TPO 1-1-5. The phrase “glacial outwas
11、h” in the passage refers to fast rivers glaciers the huge volumes of water created by glacial melting the particles carried in water from melting glaciers- The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash- particlessand grains and tiny pebbles代词TPO 1-2-5. The word
12、“this” in the passage refers to the acting out of rites the divorce of ritual performers from the rest of society the separation of myths from rites the celebration of supernatural forcesBut the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the groups oral tradition and may even
13、come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs代词TPO 1-2-5. The word “this” in the passage refers to the acting out of rites the divorce of ritual performers from the rest of society the separation of myths from rites the celebration of supernatural forcesBut the my
14、ths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the groups oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs出题方式出题方式 According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X? The authors description of X mentions whic
15、h of the following? According to the paragraph, X occurs because According to the paragraph, X did Y because According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?变数最多的题型,只要题干没有其他题型的明显标志就可以归为细节题True,原因,关系考查关键考查关键 迅速找到原文明确指出的事实信息 准确判断选项对信息的转化常常见错误选项特征见错误选项特征 无中生有 信息杂糅 直接相反 答非所问做题技巧做题技巧 准确理解题干 根据题干中的关键词定位原文 读取原文
16、相关信息(通常1-2句话) 判断选项正误题干题干 原文原文 选项选项Example 1.TPO 3-3-6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities? They are more resilient than pioneer communities. They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities. They are stable because they recover quickly
17、 after major disturbances. They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.Paragraph 4: The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what “stability” means. Stability can be defined as simply lack o
18、f change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind o
19、f stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.Example 1. 定位 CCExample 1. 读懂原文 In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable In tha
20、t case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stableExample 1. 选出答案 They are more resilient than pioneer communities. (信息杂糅) They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities. They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.(直接相反) They a
21、re the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.(直接相反)Example 2. TPO 8-2-1. According to paragraph 1, which of the winters were very cold. following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate? Summers were very warm and Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature
22、 changes. The climate was very similar to todays climate. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season.Example 2. 定位 LC climateParagraph 1: Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in
23、 the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents. Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence
24、 preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than todays. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, k
25、eeping it relatively constant.Example 2. 读懂原文 the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than todays milder 更温和Example 2. 选出答案 Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.(直接相反) Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes. (答非所问) The climate was very similar to todays climat
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