高一英语五种基本句型好PPT课件.ppt
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1、4/20/20221一一. 高中英语五种基本高中英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件句型及巩固练习课件 201303-294/20/20222 英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语
2、五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一:基本句型一: + (主谓)(主谓) 基本句型二:基本句型二: + + (主系表)(主系表) 基本句型三:基本句型三: + + (主谓宾)(主谓宾) 基本句型四:基本句型四: + +IO +(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾) 基本句型五:基本句型五: + + +(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)演绎语法:演绎语法:4/20/20223五种基本句型与五种基本句型与There be.()()主谓主谓 They are working hard.()()主谓宾主谓宾 I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.()(
3、)主谓宾宾主谓宾宾 He gave me a new bicycle .()()主系表主系表 He is a university student.()()主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. ( 6 6)There beThere be + 主语主语 There is a hole in the wall.4/20/20224 1. Nouns (n.) 名词:名词: -主语主语(S),宾语,宾语(O),表语,表语(P)等等 2. Verbs (v.) 动词动词 -谓语谓语(V) ( vt.
4、 及物动词及物动词 / vi. 不及物动词)不及物动词) 3. Pronouns (pron.) 代词:代词: -主语,宾语,表语主语,宾语,表语等等 e.g. Kate has a piano. She likes it very much. _ S _ V _ O _ S _ V _O 4/20/202254. Adjectives (adj.) 形容词:形容词: -定语定语(At.) 表语表语 (P) e.g. The overcoat is very beautiful. This is a very beautiful overcoat.5. Adverbs (adv.) 副词:副词
5、:-状语(状语(Ad.)6. Numerals (num.) 数词:数词: -定语,表语,主语等定语,表语,主语等 e.g. 25 (desks) _(be) enough. 7. Articles (art.) 冠词:冠词: 一般不单独构成句子成分一般不单独构成句子成分 (At.)(P) is4/20/202268. Prepositions (prep.) 介词(介词(in, at, on, ) prep. +n. 介词短语介词短语-状语状语 (Ad.),表语等表语等 e.g. We can see the bike under the tree. 9. Conjunctions (con
6、j.) 连词连词 ( and, or, but, so) 一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用10. Interjections ( interj.) 感叹词感叹词 (ah, oh, yeah) 一般不构成成分,起加强语气作用一般不构成成分,起加强语气作用 4/20/20227英语基本句型英语基本句型-1 主谓结构主谓结构4/20/20228基本句型基本句型 1- 1-主谓结构主谓结构 此句型的句子有一个共同特此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副
7、词、介词短语、状后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。4/20/202291主谓结构主谓结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常常用来表示主语的动作。用来表示主语的动作。如:如:The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语,谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to cat
8、ch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.4/20/202210 (不及物动词)(不及物动词) 1. Time 2. The moon 3. She 4. They 5. He 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.Theyflies. rose. sings beautifully
9、. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.4/20/202211练习练习 11鸟在飞翔。2她的宝宝在哭。3太阳正在落山。4谁也没笑。Birds are flying. Her baby is crying. The sun is setting. No one laughed. 4/20/202212练习练习 25你唱得很美。6 我咳了一夜。7 我们很少在外边吃饭。8 昨天发生了事故。You sing beautif
10、ully. I coughed all night. We seldom dine out. The accident occurred yesterday. 4/20/202213主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语,谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He
11、 came back when we were eating.4/20/202214(主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰vThe boy spoke to his teacher.vThe little boy spoke loudly to his teacher. vThe boy named Tom spoke to his math teacher in a low voice.vThe little boy called Tom spoke to his Chinese teacher.4/20/202215yesterday evening. two hours.
12、in the past ten years. in 1919. 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里,(在)我的家乡已经发生了巨大在过去的十年里,(在)我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。的变化。41919年,(在)北京爆发了年,(在)北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。She went home very lateThe meeting will last Great changes have taken place in my home townThe May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing 巩固练
13、习:巩固练习:4/20/202216in the morning. to borrow books.to the south. five years ago.five kilos. every day. 5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。6这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Classes begin at eightThis box weighsI lived in Beijingso
14、me birds flyIn autumn,My grandfather gets up earlya lot of students comeEvery afternoon to the library4/20/20221711.会议有可能开两个半小时会议有可能开两个半小时.12. 我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边边.13.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.14. 正在睡觉的婴儿笑了正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.The meeting will last two and a half hours.The schoollieswhere I stud
15、yby the beautiful lake.The chancecamewhich she wanted to get for a long timeat last.The baby smiles.sleeping4/20/202218 英语基本句型英语基本句型-2 主系表结构主系表结构4/20/202219 基本句型基本句型 2 + + + +(主系表)(主系表) 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
16、这类动词叫做这类动词叫做连系动词连系动词。4/20/202220英语基本句型英语基本句型-2主系表结构主系表结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语组成,主要用以组成,主要用以说明主语的说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词等。系动词有有:1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become, get, t
17、urn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 4/20/202221Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.4/20/202222练习练习 11今天我感觉不太舒服。今天我感觉不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。他看上去很
18、累。3 你的汤味道很好。你的汤味道很好。4 她似乎对计划不感兴趣。她似乎对计划不感兴趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks very tired. Your soup tastes very good. She doesnt seem very interested in the plan. 4/20/202223 5 天越来越冷了。 6 孩子不久就睡着了。 7 他长得相当高了。 8 听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。 Its getting cold. Soon the child fell asleep.She went pale at the news. H
19、e has grown quite tall.4/20/202224(主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰vThe soup tastes good.vTo our surprise, The soup tastes good.vThe soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation.vFrankly speaking, The soup tastes good.vTo be honest, The soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone.4/20/202225巩固练习:巩固
20、练习:1冬季白天短,夜晚长冬季白天短,夜晚长 。2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。 4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.4/20/2
21、022265他失业了。他失业了。 6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting4/20/2022271. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的几个特例:的几个特例:2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. It is not a good idea to s
22、pend your vacation with strangers. 4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike.6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.4/20/202228英语基本句型英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构主谓宾结构4/20/202229 基本句型 3 + + + +(主谓宾)(主谓宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但
23、不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。4/20/202230英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching Englis
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