英汉翻译之省略法-(课堂PPT)课件.ppt

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1、Omission 省略法省略法一、教学重点：一、教学重点： 1. 1. 省略法在英汉互译中的运用省略法在英汉互译中的运用 2. 2. 省略的主要方法技巧省略的主要方法技巧二、教学内容：二、教学内容：省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用1Foreword“它原是洋鬼子，当然谁也看不懂，为比较的顺它原是洋鬼子，当然谁也看不懂，为比较的顺眼起见，只能换他的衣裳，却不该削低它的鼻子眼起见，只能换他的衣裳，却不该削低它的鼻子，剜掉它的眼睛。我是不主张削鼻剜眼的，所以，剜掉它的眼睛。我是不主张削鼻剜眼的，所以有些地方，仍然宁可译得不顺口。有些地方，仍然宁可译得不顺口。”- - 鲁迅鲁迅此处的此

2、处的“削鼻剜眼削鼻剜眼”指的是不负责任的随意删减指的是不负责任的随意删减，当然不可取。但有时，为了突出原作的中心意，当然不可取。但有时，为了突出原作的中心意义，为了保全整体，为了避免行文拖泥带水、生义，为了保全整体，为了避免行文拖泥带水、生硬冗长的毛病，我们需要删减或者省略个别词句硬冗长的毛病，我们需要删减或者省略个别词句。2Foreword省略法省略法省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或

3、者有了反嫌累赘或违背译些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。文语言习惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去些思想内容删去。3- “到底有还是没有？到底有还是没有？”- “这个可以有！这个可以有！”- “这个真没有！这个真没有！”Warm-up Activity4Warm-up Activity “有有” 还是没还是没“有有”？这是个问题！？这是个问题！There be 句型在英语中用的比较广泛。在英语句型在英语中用的比较广泛。在英语中，表示什么地点或存在什么事物时，常用中，表示什么地点或存在什么事物时，常用 “there be + 名词名词 + 地点

4、（时间）状语地点（时间）状语”的结的结构。这种结构中的引导词构。这种结构中的引导词“there be”本身没有本身没有意义，相当于汉语的意义，相当于汉语的“有有”。但在实际的翻译。但在实际的翻译过程中，究竟是翻译出过程中，究竟是翻译出“有有”好，还是没好，还是没“有有”好呢？好呢？5Warm-up Activity1）译成有主语的）译成有主语的“有有”。There are different elements in nature. 自然界自然界有有各种不同的元素。各种不同的元素。There are three ways of heat transfer: conduction, radiati

5、on and convection.传热的方法传热的方法有有三种：传导、辐射和对流。三种：传导、辐射和对流。 There are about seventy metallic elements.金属元素金属元素有有七十种左右。七十种左右。6Warm-up Activity2）译成无主语（句）的）译成无主语（句）的“有有”。There is a lamp on the table. 桌上桌上有有一盏灯。一盏灯。There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.天空中天空中有有成千上万像太阳一样的星星。成千上万像太

6、阳一样的星星。 Were there any desks and chairs in the room? 屋子里屋子里有有桌子和椅子吗？桌子和椅子吗？7Warm-up Activity2）译成无主语（句）的）译成无主语（句）的“有有”。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有有志者，事竟成。志者，事竟成。Is there anyone coming to dinner?有有人来吃饭吗？人来吃饭吗？ There was expected to be more discussion.希望希望有有更多的讨论。更多的讨论。There are not any pe

7、rfect conductors.没没有有绝对的导体。绝对的导体。8Warm-up Activity3）译成）译成“四字句四字句”或并列句。或并列句。There is no down.平安无事。平安无事。 There is not a moment to be lost.分秒必争。分秒必争。There is no telling what will happen.未来的事无可奉告。未来的事无可奉告。There are friends and friends.朋友有好的，也有坏的。朋友有好的，也有坏的。9Warm-up Activity4）译成没）译成没“有有”的其他动词或省略的其他动词或省略“

8、有有”。There was an English evening party in the hall last night. 昨晚大厅里昨晚大厅里举行举行了英语晚会。了英语晚会。There is a typewriter on the table?桌上桌上放着放着一台打字机。一台打字机。 There may have been an accident ahead.前面可能前面可能发生发生了事故。了事故。There is sure to be some rain tonight.今晚肯定要今晚肯定要下下雨了。雨了。10Warm-up Activity4）译成没）译成没“有有”的其他动词或省略的其

9、他动词或省略“有有” 。There was a girl water-skiing on the lake.一个女孩子在湖上滑冰。一个女孩子在湖上滑冰。 There were no footsteps to be seen.看不见足迹。看不见足迹。There is 20 guests going to the movie.二十位客人去看了电影。二十位客人去看了电影。There runs a river at a distance.一条河从远处流过。一条河从远处流过。11Warm-up ActivityNow its your turn!Once there was an old fisherm

10、an in a village by the sea. In front of the cave, there is a tall pine tree. There comes the bus. There are enough chairs for every one to sit on. How much money are there in the purse that you lost? There is no getting along with him. 12Warm-up Activity(For your reference) 没没“有有”！从前，海边一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。

11、从前，海边一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 山洞前长着一棵高大的松树。山洞前长着一棵高大的松树。 车来了。车来了。 教室里的椅子刚好够坐。教室里的椅子刚好够坐。你丢的钱包里还剩多少钱？你丢的钱包里还剩多少钱？ 他这个人很难相处。他这个人很难相处。13Warm-up Activity该不该割掉这条尾巴？该不该割掉这条尾巴？ 关于关于 when 的翻译的翻译14英译汉时，我们通常会用英译汉时，我们通常会用“当当的时候的时候”来来翻译以翻译以when引导的状语从句。但在汉语中这个引导的状语从句。但在汉语中这个结构用得并不普遍，尤其是在口语中。没有人结构用得并不普遍，尤其是在口语中。没有人会说：会说：当我吃

12、饭的时候，他进来了。当我吃饭的时候，他进来了。（He came in when I was having dinner.） 一般我们会说：一般我们会说： 他进来那会儿我正在吃饭。他进来那会儿我正在吃饭。或者，或者， 我正吃饭，他进来了。我正吃饭，他进来了。Warm-up Activity15把把when译成译成“当当的时候的时候”，不仅不符合，不仅不符合汉语的习惯，还给人一种汉语的习惯，还给人一种“拖着一条尾巴拖着一条尾巴”的感觉。因此，我们在翻译的过程中要想办的感觉。因此，我们在翻译的过程中要想办法割掉这个尾巴，即把法割掉这个尾巴，即把when省去不译。省去不译。比如：比如： When he

13、 saw me, he was startled. 他看见我，吓了一大跳。他看见我，吓了一大跳。 （当他看见我的时候，他吓了一大跳。）（当他看见我的时候，他吓了一大跳。）Warm-up Activity16More examples：Ill call you when I get there.How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching TV？When the meal was finished, Rachel went out.Warm-up Activity我到那里就给你打电话。我到那里就

14、给你打电话。他们空闲时间都在看电视他们空闲时间都在看电视, , 还能学什么东西呢还能学什么东西呢? ?吃完饭，瑞秋就出门了。吃完饭，瑞秋就出门了。17除了将除了将when化去不译之外，还需要特别注意的化去不译之外，还需要特别注意的是：以是：以when引导的状语从句并非都要译成引导的状语从句并非都要译成“当当的时候的时候”，有的时候根本就不能这样译。，有的时候根本就不能这样译。He was about to give up the question when suddenly he found the answer.I went out for a walk when I met him.War

15、m-up Activity他正要放弃这个问题，突然又找到了答案。他正要放弃这个问题，突然又找到了答案。我出去散步，我出去散步，正好正好碰见他。碰见他。18He was on the verge of losing his temper with his wife when she uttered a cry.He walked when he might have taken a car.You are safe when you cross the river. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. Wa

16、rm-up Activity他正要对妻子发脾气，她忽然大喊了一声。他正要对妻子发脾气，她忽然大喊了一声。尽管尽管他可以坐汽车去，他还是走着去了。他可以坐汽车去，他还是走着去了。你你一旦一旦过了河，就安全了。过了河，就安全了。如果如果机器发生什么故障，就把电源切断。机器发生什么故障，就把电源切断。19Omission 省略法省略法一、教学重点：一、教学重点： 1. 1. 省略法在英汉互译中的运用省略法在英汉互译中的运用 2. 2. 省略的主要方法技巧省略的主要方法技巧二、教学内容：二、教学内容：省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用20. Omission in English-Chi

17、nese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用English from its very nature is generally not so brief as Chinese. The Chinese version ought to be shorter than the English version, otherwise there must be something wrong with the translation, or something implied in the original text which needs to be ampli

18、fied in the Chinese versions. A necessary and indispensable word in English may be useless, superfluous, and even a stumbling block in Chinese. The English article illustrates this paradox. How important it is in English, but Chinese has no such part of speech. So many important words in English may

19、 well be omitted in Chinese, while other words omitted or understood in English may be supplied or repeated. Keep in mind Shakespeares maxim: Brevity is the soul of wit. 21. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用1、Omitting the Pronoun 省略代词省略代词He put his hands into his pocket

20、s and then shrugged his shoulders. 他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。They went to dinner. It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony，but even with friendliness. 他们进入餐室用餐。他们进入餐室用餐。 美酒佳肴，顿受感染美酒佳肴，顿受感染 ，言谈，言谈间不但没有恶言恶语，甚至还

21、充满友好之情。间不但没有恶言恶语，甚至还充满友好之情。22. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用1、Omitting the Pronoun 省略代词省略代词You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。 I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。希望您在这儿过得愉快。We are pleased to

22、have received your invitation to the symposium on internet.非常高兴收到你寄来的参加互联网会议的邀请。非常高兴收到你寄来的参加互联网会议的邀请。We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。活到老，学到老。 232、Omitting the Article 省略冠词省略冠词The frequent use of the definite article (the) and indefinite article (a/an) is characteristic of English, therefore they are usua

23、lly not translated into Chinese. However, there are exceptions. In many cases they must be translated one way or another. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。月亮慢慢从海上升起。Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid, or a gas. 任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体都是由原子组成任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体都

24、是由原子组成的。的。. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用242、Omitting the Article 省略冠词省略冠词注意：注意：1 1）当不定冠词表示数量时，不能省略。当不定冠词表示数量时，不能省略。 He left without saying a word.他一句话都没说就走了。他一句话都没说就走了。2 2）当不定冠词）当不定冠词a a或或anan指指“每一每一”时不能省略。时不能省略。 Albert said he was getting a dollar a mile。阿尔伯特说他每英里

25、挣一美元。阿尔伯特说他每英里挣一美元。 3 3）当定冠词）当定冠词the强调强调“这这”“”“那那”时，不宜省略。时，不宜省略。 Please give me the letter you received yesterday. 请把你昨天收到的那封信给我。请把你昨天收到的那封信给我。 . Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用253、Omitting the Preposition and Prepositional Phrases 省略介词和介词短语省略介词和介词短语English is rich in

26、 prepositions and prepositional phrases, which play an important role in the language. They are generally translated into Chinese in one of the three ways other than prepositions or prepositional phrases: (1) into Chinese verbs; (2) into Chinese connective; (3) be omitted. Smoking is prohibited in p

27、ublic places. 公共场所不许吸烟。公共场所不许吸烟。Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.0008. 氢是最轻的元素，原子量为氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.0008。. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用263、Omitting the Preposition and Prepositional Phrases 省略介词和介词短语省略介词和介词短语注意：注意：表示地点的介词在译文句首往往可以省略，但表示地点的介词

28、在译文句首往往可以省略，但放在动词后面一般不省略。放在动词后面一般不省略。 In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal。 19561956年七月年七月，埃及占领了苏伊士运河，埃及占领了苏伊士运河 。Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes. 大街小巷早就传遍了各种流言蜚语大街小巷早就传遍了各种流言蜚语 。She hid behind the door. 她躲在门后。她躲在门后。 I stayed in my brothers house. 我住在弟弟家里。我住在弟弟家里。. Om

29、ission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用274、Omitting the Connective 省略连接词省略连接词Coordinate and subordinate clauses in Chinese construction are generally arranged in parataxis (意合意合法法), while those in English, in hypotaxis (形合法形合法). In the former, one clause followed another in cer

30、tain order with few or no lexical connectors, while in the latter there usually must be connectives, coordinating or subordinating, to join the clauses. Keeping in mind this basic difference between the two languages, a translator will find a way to avoid translationese in translation. . Omission in

31、 English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用284、Omitting the Connective 省略连接词省略连接词If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？冬天来了，春天还会远吗？After he packed up his things, he hurried to the station. 他收拾好行装，急忙奔向车站。他收拾好行装，急忙奔向车站。 We knew spring was coming as (because) we had seen a rob

32、in我们看见了知更鸟，知道春天快要到了我们看见了知更鸟，知道春天快要到了. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用29. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用4、Omitting the Connective 省略连接词省略连接词He spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence.形合形合: :他说得那么好听他说得那么好听, ,以至每个人都相信他

33、是无辜的。以至每个人都相信他是无辜的。意合意合: :他说得那么好听他说得那么好听, ,谁都相信他是无辜的。谁都相信他是无辜的。If I had known it, I would not have joined in it.形合形合: : 如果我知道这样如果我知道这样, ,我就不参加了我就不参加了. .意合意合: : 早只如此早只如此, ,我就不参加了我就不参加了. .305、Omitting the Verb 省略动词或分词省略动词或分词When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。气压低，沸点就低。S

34、olids expand and contract as liquids and gases do.如同液体和气体一样，固体也膨胀和收缩。如同液体和气体一样，固体也膨胀和收缩。 The last few years have seen positive developments in the international political scene, characterized by a spirit of accommodation. 过去几年，国际政治在和解的精神下有了积极的发展。过去几年，国际政治在和解的精神下有了积极的发展。 . Omission in English-Chinese

35、 Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用315、Omitting the Verb 省略动词或分词省略动词或分词Hence, television signals have a short range.因此，电视信号的传送距离很短。因此，电视信号的传送距离很短。 We are happy that you have got well你病好了，我们很高兴。你病好了，我们很高兴。 He behaved politely while answering the interviewers questions. 他在回答采访者的问题时，很有礼貌。他在回答采访者的问题时，很

36、有礼貌。. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用326、Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “It”Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。It is a shame that you cant come to our party.你不能参加我们的宴会是一件憾事。你不能参加我们的宴会是一件憾事。He made it clear that it was

37、impossible for him to do so.他表明了他不可能这样做。他表明了他不可能这样做。-Who has leak out the secret?- It must be a big mouth.一定是谁嘴快。一定是谁嘴快。 . Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用336、Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “It”强调句型中的强调句型中的“it”It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my st

38、ory would ever be told.只是在这个时候，我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能只是在这个时候，我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能不能公诸于众呢？不能公诸于众呢？It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.他费了不少劲才找到回家的路。他费了不少劲才找到回家的路。 . Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用347、Omitting the Noun 省略名词省略名词Perhaps you have overlooke

39、d the fact that your account for May purchases has not yet been settled. 也许你忘记了五月份的购货款还没有结算。也许你忘记了五月份的购货款还没有结算。 8、Omitting the Redundant Words 省略重复成分省略重复成分The applicants who had worked would receive preference in getting the position over those who had not. 有工作经验的人优先录用。有工作经验的人优先录用。Neither party shal

40、l cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.双方均不得无故解除合同。双方均不得无故解除合同。. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用省略法在英汉翻译中的运用35We have 7 days in a week.Is it a he or a she?This is Brown speaking.There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. Men

41、perish, but the man shall endure; lives die but the life is not dead.He has been abroad so long; he feels rather out of it here. He doesnt seem able to find anyone in common with. When we want to move a body of great mass we must apply a great force. Time to Practice36We have 7 days in a week.Is it

42、a he or a she?This is Brown speaking.There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. Time to Practice一个星期有七天。一个星期有七天。生的是男孩还是女孩？生的是男孩还是女孩？我是布朗。我是布朗。没有下雪，但叶落草枯。没有下雪，但叶落草枯。37Men perish, but the man shall endure; lives die but the life is not dead.He has been abroad s

43、o long; he feels rather out of it here. He doesnt seem able to find anyone in common with. When we want to move a body of great mass we must apply a great force. Time to Practice人会死而人类永存；寿命有限而生命不绝。人会死而人类永存；寿命有限而生命不绝。他在国外住久了，在这里有点不习惯，好象跟他在国外住久了，在这里有点不习惯，好象跟谁都说不到一块儿。谁都说不到一块儿。 要移动质量大的物体，就要用大力。要移动质量大的物体

44、，就要用大力。38翻译技巧中真正意义上的减词，并不是简单的省略。翻译技巧中真正意义上的减词，并不是简单的省略。有时牺牲原句中一些次要的部分，使所译文字简洁精有时牺牲原句中一些次要的部分，使所译文字简洁精炼，文风流畅自然，从而更加突出原句的主要成分。炼，文风流畅自然，从而更加突出原句的主要成分。因此，在翻译的过程中，我们既要善于保全，也要善因此，在翻译的过程中，我们既要善于保全，也要善于牺牲。一般地说，英译汉并不随便删减，但汉语有于牺牲。一般地说，英译汉并不随便删减，但汉语有其简洁的特点，如果过分强调表达一切，把每一个词其简洁的特点，如果过分强调表达一切，把每一个词都译出来，反而因为保全了一些次

45、要部分而破坏了整都译出来，反而因为保全了一些次要部分而破坏了整体，因小而失大。有时候，只有敢于牺牲一些不影响体，因小而失大。有时候，只有敢于牺牲一些不影响原意的词句，才能更好地突出重点。下面我们来看几原意的词句，才能更好地突出重点。下面我们来看几个例句。个例句。Appreciation39 because he used to lend money to people in distress, and would never take any interest for the money he lent.译文：译文：因为安东尼奥常常借钱给那些有急难的人，因为安东尼奥常常借钱给那些有急难的人，

46、从来不要利息。从来不要利息。赏析：翻译时把赏析：翻译时把 “for the money he lent”整个介词短整个介词短语连同它的定语从句略去不译。但细细对照，就会发现语连同它的定语从句略去不译。但细细对照，就会发现这样做并未删减原意。如果把最后一句译为这样做并未删减原意。如果把最后一句译为“借钱借钱给那些有急难的人，而且从来不要他借出的钱的利息给那些有急难的人，而且从来不要他借出的钱的利息”，反而显得累赘和多余。，反而显得累赘和多余。 Appreciation40 William Sidney Porter, who is known under his pen name, O. Hen

47、ry, is one of the best known writer of America.译文：译文：威廉威廉悉尼悉尼 波特，笔名欧波特，笔名欧 亨利，是美国亨利，是美国最知名的作家之一。最知名的作家之一。赏析：翻译时删去了赏析：翻译时删去了 “who is known”，并不影响，并不影响原意，如果译为原意，如果译为“以笔名欧以笔名欧亨利闻名于世亨利闻名于世”，当然，当然也不错，但和下句中也不错，但和下句中“最知名的最知名的”文字重叠，意义重文字重叠，意义重复，还是删去为佳。复，还是删去为佳。Appreciation41 “Remember: you are not any old To

48、m, Dick or Harry giving his opinion. Youre a man who was sent as a representative of the British Government.”译文：你要记住，你不是一个普普通通的老百姓，可译文：你要记住，你不是一个普普通通的老百姓，可以随便发表意见。你是英国政府派出的代表。以随便发表意见。你是英国政府派出的代表。赏析：翻译时删去了赏析：翻译时删去了 “are a man who”，语气干脆，语气干脆而有力。如果译为而有力。如果译为“你是作为英国政府派出的一个代你是作为英国政府派出的一个代表的人表的人”，反而显得欧化。，

49、反而显得欧化。Appreciation42Conclusion Conciseness is important to writing. Any work should be not only impressive but also quickly impressive. A quick impression makes a strong impression. Unnecessary words waste the writers and the readers time, weakening and even spoiling the statement. Brevity is secur

50、ed by cutting excess words. So long as the meaning of the version is accurate and clear, make it brief. This principle holds good not only in composition but in translation as well. Redundancy is often found in students translation exercises, but omission of words at the expense of meaning should al