D打印技术在汽车制造与维修领域应用研究王菊霞.docx
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1、 3D打印技术在汽车制造与维修领域应用研究 Research on Application of 3D Printing Technology in Automobile Manufacturing and Maintenance 作者姓名:王菊霞 专业名称:交通运输丄程 指导教师:刘玉梅教授 学位类别:工程硕士 答辩曰期: TWf年 月 未经本论文作者的书面授权,依法收存和保管本论文 书面版本、电子版本的任何单位和个人,均不得对本论文 的全部或部分内容进行任何形式的复制、修改、发行、出 租、改编等有碍作者著作权的商业性使用 ( 但纯学术性使 用不在此限 )。 否则,应承担侵权的法律责任。 吉
2、林大学硕士学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交学位论文,是本人在指导教师的指导 下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中己经注明引用的内 容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体己经发表或撰写过的作 品成采。对本文的研究做山重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中 以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果甴本人承 担。 学位论文作者签名: 日期:攻士年 5月 29日 摘要 近些年中国汽车保有量快速上升,国内汽车企业逐年增加,国外汽车集团 也把中国作为市场开发的重中之重,汽车企业竞争日趋激烈,在这种情况下汽 车企业需要考虑如何提高汽车生产效率、降低生产成本、生产出的汽车燃料利 用率更高、外观等更具
3、个性更吸引消费者。在这样的背景下, 3D打印技术和第 一台 3D打印汽车的出现给传统的汽车生产方式带来了新的参考, 3D打印技术 以其无需模具和其他加工过程的简单生产方式和相对低成本、高效率迅速进入 人们的视线,汽车企业开始考虑如何能充分利用其特点、充分发挥其优势,使 之为汽车企业带来更高的生产效率和更大的利润空间。从 “ 中国制造 ” 向 “ 中 国智造 ” 的转型需要 靠智能化和数字化实现。本文研宄的目的和重点是如何能 使 3D打印技术实实在在地给中国的汽车生产和维修企业带来最大的利益。 本文首先阐述了 3D打印技术目前在国际与我国的应用现状,介绍了 3D打 印技术的几种常用成型原理,并以
4、车轮轮毂、车门把手与扳手的设计和打印过 程为例详细介绍了 3D打印技术的工作原理、该技术需要的配套 STL文件格式、 辅助技术 ( 3D数字化设计)。并分析了在汽车生产制造和汽车维修领域 3D打印 技术的优势,即可以加快研发速度、降低油耗,改善环保性能、降低成本、可 以按客户需求定制。应用的局限性 有技术不够成熟造成打印速度不高、设备与 原材料成本过高、生产质量不稳定不能保证成品率等问题,得出未来短时间内 3D打印技术不能完全替代传统生产线,而是应与传统工业制造方式配合使用, 使汽车生产效率大幅提高,产品更新换代速度进一步加快。本文从生产者角度 研宄了 3D打印技术在汽车生产领域的应用。 高端
5、车、进口车的维修难维修贵问题已经相当突出了,进口汽车在国内保 有量少,同一零件维修更换量更少,如果有维修必须从国外进口,手续繁琐, 周期长,而且进货渠道单一,这些必定会使零部件价格过高。 3D打印技术可以 在有需要维修的时候直接使用数字模型和技术数据或者扫描得到数字模型,打 印出所需要的零部件,省去了很多麻烦也可以降低成本。汽车维修领域目前并 没有 3D打印技术的应用,主要原因有目前 3D打印机和原材料成本还是比较高、 打印出的零件质量也没有检测标准、汽车零部件的知识产权保护还有就是汽车 吉林大学硕上学位论文 维修从业人员知识水平不高等 4条,这里面主要就是知识产权问题不太好解决, 当把这个问
6、题解决了之后 3D打印技术可以快速打印少量、复杂物品的定制的优 势就可以充分体现,这个优势非常适合汽车维修企业需要少量快速获得某些特 殊零部件或维修工具的特点。所以只要上述几个问题解决了 3D打印技术在汽车 维修行业也有不错的应用前景。 综上, 3D打印技术其独特的优势非常适合于汽车产业包括汽车的生产与维 修等行业。 关键词: 3D打印成型技术、汽车生产与维修、工艺参数、 3D智能数字化、切片 2 Abstract In recent rapid increase in car ownership in China , the domestic auto companies to increa
7、se year by year, foreign car companies are also developing the Chinese market as a top priority , auto companies increasingly fierce competition. With the rise in ownership of automobile exhaust has become the largest source of air pollution , haze , represented in harsh air conditions seriously aff
8、ect peoples normal production and life . In this case the auto companies need to consider how we can improve vehicle production efficiency, reduce costs and produce higher automobile fuel efficiency , more personalized appearance more attractive to consumers . 3D printing technology and the emergenc
9、e of 3D printing the first car to the traditional automobile production has brought new reference , 3D printing technology with a simple production process without molds and other relatively low-cost, high-efficiency quick access to people sight, car companies began to consider how to take full adva
10、ntage of its features to its full advantage , making the automotive business lead to higher productivity and greater profit margins . From Made in China to transition Chinese wisdom mader/ need to rely on intelligence and digital implementation . How to make a real 3D printing technology to the Chin
11、ese automobile production and maintenance companies to become the best interests of the purpose and focus of this study . This paper first describes the 3D printing technology is currently applied in the international status of the country , forming principle introduced several common 3D printing te
12、chnology and process design and print wheel hub example detailing the working principle of 3D printing technology and the technology needs supporting STL file format and assistive technology (3D digital design ) , based on the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing technology analyzes the advan
13、tages of 3 吉林大学硕士学位论文 automotive manufacturing and automotive repair field of 3D printing technology has the following four points , respectively, to accelerate development speed , 3D printing lower fuel consumption and more environmentally friendly vehicles , reduce costs , can be customized accord
14、ing to customer demand . There are technical limitations of the application is not mature enough cause print speed is not high , the high cost of equipment and raw materials , production quality is not guaranteed yield instability and other issues , come the next short period of 3D printing technolo
15、gy can not completely replace the traditional production line, but should with the traditional way with the use of industrial manufacturing , making the car a substantial increase in production efficiency , product replacement rate further accelerated. From the producer point of view to study the 3D
16、 printing technology in the field of automobile production . High-end cars, imported cars repair the problem has been quite difficult to repair your highlights , imported cars car ownership in China is less , the same amount less maintenance and replacement parts , repairs must be re- ordered if the
17、re are even imported from abroad , cumbersome , long cycle inevitable, and the purchase price of a single channel is bound to make parts too . 3D printing technology can use the digital models and technical data needed to print out parts directly when there is maintenance , eliminating a lot of trou
18、ble can also reduce costs. Vehicle maintenance areas not currently use 3D printing technology , 3D printers, and the main reason there are currently still relatively high raw material costs , the printed part quality and no testing standards , intellectual property rights auto parts automotive repai
19、r professionals there is the level of knowledge not higher 4 , there is the issue of intellectual property rights is mainly not a good solution , when this issue is resolved the 3D printing technology can quickly print a small amount , the advantages of complex custom items can be fully reflected, t
20、his advantage is ideal for car repair business Some require a small 4 amount of fast access to special parts or repair tool features. So long as these problems are solved several 3D printing technology in the automotive repair industry also has a good prospect. In summary , 3D printing technology is
21、 well suited to its unique advantage in the automotive industry, including automotive production and service industries. Keyword: 3D Printing Technology, Automotive Manufacturing and Maintenance Areas, Process Parameters, 3D Intelligent Digital, Sliced 5 吉林大学硕上学位论文 目录 第 1 章绪论 . 1 1.1论文研究的目的和意义 . 2 1
22、.2 3D打印技术国内外发展现状 . 2 1.2. 1 3D打印技术国外发展现状 . 2 1.2.2 3D打印技术国内发展现状 . 3 1.3 3D打印技术在汽车邻域应用现状 . 4 1.4本文的主要研究内容 . 5 第 2 章 3 D打印技术的应用方法研究 . 7 2. 1 概述 . 7 2. 1. 1 3D打印技术的基本概念 . 7 2. 1.2 3D打印技术的基本原理 . 7 2. 1.3 3D打印技术的特点 . 9 2.2数字设计建模 . 12 2. 3切片处理 . 13 2. 4打印成型技术 . 14 2. 4. 1 FDM . 14 2.4.2 3DP . 18 2.4.3 SLS
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