如何提高小学生的数学计算能力(精选多篇).docx

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1、如何提高小学生的数学计算能力(精选多篇) 第1篇第2篇第3篇第4篇第5篇更多顶部 书目第一篇：浅谈如何提高小学生的数学计算实力其次篇：如何提高小学生的数学计算实力第三篇：如何提高小学生数学计算实力第四篇：浅谈如何提高小学生数学计算实力第五篇：浅谈如何提高小学生数学的计算实力更多相关范文正文第一篇：浅谈如何提高小学生的数学计算实力浅谈如何提高小学生的数学计算实力我是一名一般的农村老师,始终从事小学阶段的数学教学工作,通过几年的教学实践,我发觉小学生计算实力很差.课堂上觉得学生们把学问驾驭的很好,而在作业中,试卷上,错误就多得惊人.是题目太难,还是有其它的缘由?培育小学生的计算实力,已是小学数学教

2、学的一项重要的任务.一、影响学生计算失误的因素1、马虎马虎,留意力不集中.有的学生在计算时,往往抄错符号或数据,如将“+”看成“”;将“0.93”写成“0 98”;有的学生列坚式计算时,经常忘了把最终的结果写在横式上,或把验算的结果写在横式上;有的学生书写不规范,导致数字变形,就把变形了的数字看成其他数字,以致出错;还有的学生口算不娴熟,在完成进位加和退位减时出错较多,乘法口诀还不能娴熟背诵,导致乘积出错或试商出错.2、算理模糊,驾驭不熟,为所欲为.教学简便运算时,学生由于算理不清,驾驭不娴熟,造成错识.如3899=38 (100-1)=38100-1=3799,38 100比3899多了一个

3、38,应减去38,而不是1.再如,在教学小数加减法时,我们常强调小数点要对齐,但学生在学习小数乘法时,经常就把末位对齐变成小数点对齐了.其次篇：如何提高小学生的数学计算实力作为小学数学教学的一线老师，如何落实新课标理念，完成“为学生今后的生存、学习与发展奠定良好的基础”的任务呢？下面，就数学课中数感的培育谈一谈我们高段数学组在实际教学中的几点体会：在当前的义务教化数学改革中，笔算是被减弱的内容。降低了笔算的困难性和娴熟程度，这不是说计算实力的培育不重要了，其实正相反。标准中明确指出要“提倡算法的多样化，避开程式化的机械计算和叙述算理”。既然这样，我们怎样提高全体学生的计算实力和良好的数感呢？1

4、、依据教学内容，细心设计“口算”题。“口算”是一个人最基本的计算实力，也是一种最生活化的基本技能。而在教学中，有的老师为了片面提高课堂效率而忽视了这种基本实力的培育，以致不少学生在很多须要计算的地方出现不该有的错误。例如：假如学生个位数加减法的口算实力不达标，那将干脆影响到今后多位数加减法的学习；而个位数的乘法也即“乘法口诀”训练不到位，就干脆影响到今后多位数乘除法的学习；同理，每一个内容口算实力的培育都干脆影响到今后相关内容的学习。也就是说假如连口算实力都得不到很好培育的话，那么，就说明我们的数学教化是失败的，这将给学生今后的学习、生活和发展留下极大的隐患。因此，老师要针对每个教学内容细心设

5、计“口算”题，严把每个数学学习内容的入门关。我们数学组有老师还采纳了课前2分钟交换出题解答的方式来提高“口算”实力，我感觉比较好。2、不用固定的语言文字来概括计算法则，让学生在自主的探究中获得对计算过程与算理的理解。总结、理解并且记忆计算法则，是以往笔算教学的重要环节。当前的数学课程改革，强调让学生在现实的情景中理解概念和法则，避开机械记忆。因此，在笔算教学中，老师应当用学问的迁移“拾级而上”，学生可以用各种算法进行计算，只要是合理的算法，我们都要激励，这样，既减轻了学生记忆的负担，也与算法多样化的教学理念相吻合，培育学生多角度思索问题、敏捷解决问题的实力。3、笔算与估算结合，加大估算的教学力

6、度。估算在现实生活中具有重要的好用价值，对学生的数感培育也具有重要意义。所以，要把估算作为现代数学基础教化的重要内容来抓，这既能为学生数学的发展奠定良好基础，也符合学生今后的生活须要。当然估算中我们也有困惑：记得自己在读小学的时候,我们的课本上根本没有估算这个词,更谈不上估算教学了,但我清晰的记得自己五六年级,在做完题目后,能够依据题目里的数据也许估计一下自己结果的合理性，那么这可能就是现在的估算.或许我是在不自觉的状况下感受到了估算的意义和价值,进而应用。而现在,在老师反复的讲解下,我们的学生反而对估算无所适从,在我们的过度教学和刻板的评价下,使估算教学偏离了它的初衷。由于老师精确计算的意识

7、远远强于估算，教学时，不能重视让学生感悟估算的意义、体验估算的价值，只是按教材程序让学生蜻蜓点水式探讨一下估算的方法和结果，很快就将主要精力放在了指导学生如何精确计算上，使估算成了“鸡肋”，教之无味，弃之不能。悟性高的学生或许能驾驭估算的方法，并能正确估算，而一大部分学生也就意识到只要估计的结果与精确计算的结果较接近就是估算。另外，检测学生学习水平的试卷中，也是以精确计算为主，即使间或出现估算的内容，一般也不考估算的过程，只要求填估算的结果，且评分时，只要估算的值在肯定范围内一般都能给分。许多学生为了保险起见，干脆先算出精确结果，再靠船下篙，写个与精确值接近的数值，这就是试卷中许多估算值的由来

8、。为了让学生估算题不失分，我们的老师在考试前竭力向班上的学生举荐这“聪慧”之法。估算的意义何在？数学课上，我们看到采纳课件的地方多了,好像不用课件就违反了新课程理念。我们的个别老师还依旧坚持着曾经最重要的教学工具：小黑板。我们在教学的实践中的确感受到教学多媒体的优点，但也看到了小黑板的优点，我们应当在小黑板很难解决难点的时候才考虑用多媒体课件，而平常不妨多用一用我们的小黑板。第三篇：如何提高小学生数学计算实力如何提高小学生数学计算实力在小学中低年级教学中，计算占相当大的比例，学生最简单出错的也是计算，特殊是随着计算机时代的到来，计算实力往往被许多人所忽视。我觉得计算实力是每个人必备的一项基本功

9、，培育学生的计算实力也是小学生数学教学中的一项重要任务，是学生学好数学的重要基础。学会计算，终身受用，生活中到处离不开计算，计算是小学数学教学的重中之重。in teaching in the elementary school lower grade calculation, accounts for a considerable proportion of students the most error-prone and computing, especially with the advent of the era of computer, computing capacity is o

10、ften ignored by many people. i think computing capability is a basic skills essential to everyone, to cultivate the students calculation ability is an important task in the primary school mathematics teaching, is the important foundation of students to learn mathematics. society, life, life is insep

11、arable from the calculation, the calculation is the key of the elementary school mathematics teaching.一、把好口算关闻名数学家裘宗沪指出：假如你想学好数学，首先要会算，而且要算得好，心算是一种思维实力。心算好，脑子里能盘算的问题就多，随时随地都能想问题。famous mathematician qiuzong hu pointed out that: if you want to learn math well, first of all to calculate, and to calcul

12、ate well, mental arithmetic is a kind of thinking ability. good mental arithmetic, the brain can only problem is, anytime, anywhere can want to question.1、培育学生的“数感”。数感，它同音乐的“乐感”、美术的“美感”一样，学数学就得有“数感”。在教学中，让学生用数学的眼光去视察、相识四周的事物，用数学的概念与语言去反映和描述社会生产和生活中的问题，结合生活中的详细事例去教学数学学问，让学生感受到数学就在身边，生活中到处有数学，从而以主动的心态

13、投入学习，体验“数感”。number sense, it with the music of the music and beauty of art, maths has number sense. in the teaching, lets the student to observe, from the view of mathematics understanding things around, using mathematical concepts and language to reflect and describe the problem of social productio

14、n and life, combined with the concrete facts of life to teaching mathematics knowledge, let students experience mathematics on the side, everywhere in the life mathematics, with positive attitude in learning, experience the number sense.2、强化口算。口算是笔算、估算、简算的基础，无论整数、小数的加减法，还是乘除法，以及四则混合运算，都离不开口算。如：36018

15、=36092=402=20，在这个简算的过程中，运用了三项口算。又如：计算5764+3821的和，要用到4项加法口算，任何一个环节发生错误，都可导致全盘出错。因此，要提高小学生的计算实力，就必需从强化口算实力抓起，把口算训练当作一项常规工作来抓。我的详细做法是：oral is the basis of manual computation and estimation, jane is, in any integer, decimal1addition and subtraction, or, method, and the four mixed operation, cannot leave

16、 the oral. such as: 360 present 18 = 360 present nine members present 2 = 40 members present 2 = 20, in the process of the abridged, using three oral arithmetic. again such as calculation of 5764 + 3821, and, need four addition oral, any a link error, can lead to errors. therefore, to improve the el

17、ementary students computing power, it must grab from strengthening oral ability, oral training as a routine work. my particular way is:（1）每天利用3-5分钟时间训练口算。在教学中，我每天在课堂上利用3-5分钟时间进行口算训练，或视算或听算，或在作业中抄一、两道脱式计算题，每天批阅并刚好反馈，逐步提高学生的计算实力。(1) using 3-5 minutes daily oral training. in the teaching, i every day i

18、n the classroom use of 3-5 minutes oral training, or shisuan or listen to calculate, or, in the case of a homework to copy one or two off type calculation problem, marking and feedback in time every day, gradually improve the students ability of calculation.（2）记忆一些常用数据和巧算方法。像20以内的加减法、表内乘法、1-20的平方数等，

19、都要求学生熟记，达到脱口而出的程度。同时，常常教学生一些巧算的方法，也可使其计算速度大大提高。如：一个数与“11”相乘，“两边一拉，中间一加，满十向前一位进一”；一个数与5、25、125相乘，都可以运用巧算方法：(2) memory and some commonly used data coincidence counting method. as addition and subtraction, multiplication table within 20, 1-20 square number, etc., require students to memorize and to the

20、 point of blurt out. at the same time, often teach students some clever calculate way, also can make its calculation speed is greatly increased. such as: is multiplied by a number from 11, on both sides of a pull, a middle, ten a into a forward; with a number is multiplied by 5, 25, 125, can use opp

21、ortunely calculate method:245=2421024 * 24 present 2 * 5 = 1032425=324410025 = 324 present 4 x 324 x 324409125=408125+125=40881000+125409 * 125 = 408 * 125 + 125 = 408 present 8 x 1000 + 125还有一些除法试商法：差数试商法、同头无除商八九法（当被除数和除数最高位上的数字相同时，俗称“同头”，被除数的前几位比除数小，且除数与被除数次高位上的数的差不超过最高位时，可干脆用八与九试商）、中数试商法、折半试商法等等，

22、这些都是学生快算所必需驾驭的基本方法。try some division commercial law: differential try to commercial law, with the head in addition to business method (when the numbers on the dividend and the divisor that high phase at the same time, commonly known as the head, dividend top is smaller than the divisor, and the divi

23、sor and dividend the number of times on the high error is less than the highest level, can be directly used eight and nine test quotient), median try commercial law, binary and commercial law, and so on, these are students quick is necessary to master the basic method.二、理解算理，提倡算法多样化要使学生会算，必需要使其明确算理，

24、这就要求老师对算法和算理的教学必需正确，因为第一印象特别重要，第一次讲错以后就很难改掉。记得一位心理学家说过：首次感知新学问时，进入大脑的信息可以有受前摄抑制的干扰，能在学生的大脑皮层留下深刻的印象。但假如首次感知不精确，那么造成的不良后果在短期内是难以清除的。因此，老师必需充分备课，选择最优方案，以期达到良好的教学效果。to make the student union, must make it clear to calculate, this requires teachers to the algorithm and the principle of teaching must be

25、correct, because the first impression is very important, for the first time speak wrong, it is hard to remove it later. remember a psychologist said: first perception of new knowledge, proactive inhibition of information into the brain can be affected by the interference, can leave deep impression i

26、n students brain cortex. but if the first perception is not accurate, the adverse consequences in the short term is difficult to remove. therefore, the teacher must fully preparation, select the optimal scheme, in order to achieve good teaching effect.在学生明确算理的基础上，要提倡算法多样化。算法多样化不是要求每个学生都用多种方法解决同一问题，而

27、是要激励学生独立思索，用适合自己的方法解决，有实力的可以运用多种方法，没有这种需求的学生只用一种即可。提倡算法多样化，也要留意方法的优化，对于学生想出的每一种正确方法都赐予确定，劝服学生放弃自己的落后繁琐观点，去遵循优秀、简洁的方法，这样才能使自己的思维实力不断提高。特殊要对中、高年级提出的每一种算法，可让其自己说明算理，以防止其“知其然，不知其所以然”，同时起到培育学生逻辑思维和口头表达实力的作用。in students is clear, on the basis of to promote diversity algorithm. diversity algorithm isnt req

28、uired that every student (should) use a variety of methods to solve the same problem, but rather to encourage students to think independently and solve with suitable methods, ability can use a variety of methods, without the need of students in a can. advocating algorithm diversity, also want to pay

29、 attention to the optimization method, for students to come up with every kind of right way to give affirmation, persuade students give up their backward trival, to follow the outstanding, simple method, so as to make their thinking ability constantly improve. especially for middle and s(感谢你访问好范文wWw

30、.haOwORD.coM)enior each kind of algorithm, can calculate, make its own instructions in order to prevent the learning, dont know why, at the same time cultivate students logical thinking and the role of oral expression ability.三、重视估算，教给方法third, the value estimate, teach method在日常生活和生产实际中，某些计算和测量的结果无法

31、得到或没有必要得到精确计算结果或推断时，就要用到估算的方法。如一个房间的大小、从家到学校的距离、某楼房的高度、有阅历有渔民推断某片水域里鱼的数量等。因此，重视学生估算实力的培育，不仅可以使学生的思维更加敏捷，而且对学生的直觉思维实力的培育有很大的帮助。同时，加强估算，可以加深学生对数字的相识，促进数感的培育，增加应用数学的意识，提高解决实际问题的实力。在教学中，我常常性地贯穿一些估算的技巧和方法：in our daily life and production practice, some calculation and the measurement result cant get or t

32、here is no need to get the precise result or judgment, is employed to estimate method. such as the size of a room, the distance from home to school, a building height, experienced fishermen who judge a number of fish in the water, etc. attention to the cultivation of students ability to estimate, th

33、erefore, not only can make students thinking more flexible, but also for the cultivation of the students ability of intuition thinking has a lot of help. at the same time, strengthen the estimation, can deepen students understanding of digital, promote the cultivation of number sense, enhance the co

34、nsciousness of applied mathematics, improve the ability of solving practical problems. in the teaching, i regularly throughout some estimation techniques and methods:1、近似估算法。在实际计算中，依据状况把两个数同时估大或同时估小，或一个估大一个估小，以便口算为宜。估算过程中，由于学生的生活背景、思维方式的不同，估算结果也不肯定一样，因此，允许估算结果与精确值之间有肯定范围的误差，正负误差均可。如：1, the approxima

35、te estimation. in the actual calculation, according to the number two at the same time for large or for small at the same time, or a big one for small forecast, so that verbal arithmetic is advisable. estimation process, because the students life background, the different way of thinking, to estimat

36、e the results may not be the same, therefore, allow a certain range between estimation results with the accurate value of error of plus or minus error. such as:783+945800+900=1700material 800 783 + 945 + 900 = 1700392735400040=10003927 present 35 material present 40 4000 = 10002、联系实际估算法。如计算人数、租车数量、铺

37、地买砖等，都必需是整数，且得采纳“进一法”；用铁皮做铁盒，铁盒必需是整数，且得运用“去尾法”。2, contact the actual estimation. such as computing, rent a car number, floor number to buy brick, etc., must be an integer, and must adopt into a; do with tin tin box, tin box must be an integer, and must use the method to end.除了课堂上传授方法之外，最有效的方法是让学生在实际

38、生活中熬炼，在处理详细问题中提高。in addition to classroom teaching methods, the most effective way is to let students exercise in real life, in dealing with specific issues.四、增加学生的实践实力数学来源于生活，又服务于生活，而计算则是解决实际生活问题的重要手段。mathematics comes from life and serves life, and the calculation is the important means to solve t

39、he problem of real life.1、呈现方式生活化。新课标中指出：要通过现实生活的情境，使学生体验、感受和理解数与运算的意义，要呈现给学生大量的现实背景，从中体会数学与生活的亲密联系。如在教学364时，我以如下方式导入：一件上衣36元钱，买4件这样的上衣须要多少钱？这种赋计算式题予生活的方法，学生特别乐于接受。1, the present way of life. new standard pointed out: through to real life situations, make students experience, feel and understand the

40、 meaning of number and operations, to be presented to students a lot of realistic background, closely related to mathematics and the life. as in teaching 36 x 4, i import in the following way: a top 36 yuan, how much do you need to buy 4 such blouse? this way of life for the calculation type questio

41、ns, students are willing to accept.2、日常生活数学化。生活中到处有数学，如上街购买衣物，大约须要带多少钱，须要估算；打算购买多少件物品，也须要统计和计算，所以，要教化学生留意身边数学。在随家长买菜时，要特殊留心售货员是如何快速算出结果的。同时，也要用所学过的估算、巧算等方法帮着大人算一算，以提高自己的计算实力。2, daily life mathematically. everywhere in the life mathematics, such as street to buy clothes, about how much money need to

42、take, need to estimate; ready to buy how many pieces of goods, also need to statistics and computation, so paying conscious attention to mathematics education to students. while along with the parents to buy food, pay special attention salesman is how to quickly calculate the results. we learned at

43、the same time, also want to use the methods of estimation, qiao is help to calculate a calculate, in order to improve their computing power.五、养成教化不容忽视良好的习惯，干脆影响着计算的速度和精确率。在教学中，我发觉学生计算题出错的缘由并不是不会做，而是不专心，所以我认为要让学生养成如下良好习惯。good habits and directly affects the calculation speed and accuracy. in the teac

44、hing, i found that students math error reasons not to do, but not by heart, so i think to make students form good habits as follows.1、规范书写。由于书写不规范而造成计算错误的现象屡见不鲜，如由于把“5”连笔写，计算下一步时就误看成了“8”；把“7”潦草地写成了“1”，而造成计算结果错误。老师要严格要求学生的书写格式，并以身作则，当好榜样。1, written in the specification. calculation error caused by wr

45、iting is not standard phenomenon, such as due to the 5 cursive writing, when calculating the next step is mistakenly identified as 8; write a 7 scrawled 1, and cause calculation error. teacher is strict with students writing format, and lead by example, being a good role model.2、仔细审题。这是快速、精确计算的关键。做每

46、一道计算题，千万不要急于下手，首先要细致视察，明确应当先计算哪一步，后计算哪一步，找一找哪些地方可以应用巧算的方法，做到心里有数，然后再仔细计算，这就是所谓“磨刀不误砍柴工”，我给学生改成了审题不误计算功。2, serious topic. it is the key to the rapid and accurate calculation. do every computational problems, dont rush to laid hands on him, first have to look carefully, clear which step should be calc

47、ulated, which is calculated after step, where to find a find method can be applied to calculation of, do know, and then carefully calculated, it is called knife dont miss your job, i cant give students changed to topic calculation work by mistake.3、勤于验算。验算既是一种习惯，也是一种实力。不论题目是否要求验算，都要求学生必需做到，渐渐养成学生良好的

48、验算习惯。3, diligently checking. calculation is a kind of habit, is also a kind of ability. check whether subject requirement, all students are required to have to do, gradually to develop students good habits of calculating.4、有错即改。我每次发下作业本后，便要求学生马上翻看，把错题重新谛视一次，看看错在哪里，并刚好订正，这样进一步加深了学生对算理、算法的理解，达到提高计算实力的

49、目的。4, there is a fault that is change. after every time i send the homework, students are required to immediately turn to put the wrong topic review time, and see what went wrong, and timely correction, so that further deepening the students understanding of calculate theory, algorithm, achieve the goal of improve the computing capability.第四篇：浅谈如何提高小学生数学计算实力浅谈如何提高小学生数学计算实力梁志勇