2022小学英语考试知识点.docx
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1、2022小学英语考试知识点小学英语考试知识点基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z2.语音:元音的发音5个元音字母:A E I O U12个单元音:前元音:i: ɪ e æ中元音:ɜ: ə后元音:: ɒ ɔ: u: ʊ ʌ双元音(8个)合口双元音ai ei au əu ɔi集中双元音iə
2、; εə uə3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号语法知识(一)名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以辅音字母+y结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以f 或 fe结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
3、不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原形:paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's
4、shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends' bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes并列名词中,如果把 's加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加's, 如:Tom's and Mike's cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用of +名词来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map
5、 of China冠词(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange(2) 定冠词:thethe egg / the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法:特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren't at school.在序数词前:John's birthday is February th
6、e second.用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
7、球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus代词、形容词、副词代词:人称代词,物主代词形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以
8、用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2. 形容词加er的规则:一般在词尾加er ;以字母e 结尾,加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;以辅音字母+y结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3. 不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则
9、变化:well-better, far-farther)数词(1) 1-20one,two, three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99 先说几十,再说几,中间加连字符。23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→fortyfive,56→fifty-six,67→six
10、ty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3) 101999先说几百,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three(4) 1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个,第一个,前为thousand. 第二个,前为million,第三个,前为billion1,001→ one thousand and one18,423→ eighteen thousa
11、nd four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion序数词(1) 一般在基数词后加 theg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth(2) 不规则变化one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fift
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