2022研究生综合英语.docx

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1、2022研究生综合英语篇一：研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文 Unit1 An Image or a Mirage? There is a distinct difference between a winning image and a mirage. A mirage is an illusion, and in your quest for a winning image, you must be capable of identifying such mirages. One of the common misread images stems from what people thin

2、k about eye contact. How many times have you heard, “You can tell hes an honest man because he looks you straight in the eye.” Evidently, many people must believe that a dishonest man feels so ashamed that hes not telling the truth that he cant even face them directly. But what about an honest indiv

3、idual who is too shy to look straight at you? Furthermore, a good can artist knows that many people judge integrity by the way one looks at them,so he deliberately includes eye contact in his act. Because you cant count on eye contact as an infallible test, you should never use it to evaluate anothe

4、r persons honesty. Nonetheless, since most people do judge others by this criterion, be sure that you always look them squarely in the eye. Evaluating a mans honesty by the way he looks at you makes no more sense than judging his integrity by the way your dog or cat reacts to him. Yet how many times

5、 have you heard a dogs master say, “Thats interesting Thor doesnt take to strangers very often. Hes a good judge of human nature, and the fact that hes friendly with you tells me some good things about you.” Once when I was in the home of a m prospect, his cat, Tiger, took such a liking to me that h

6、e sat on my shoulder during my entire sales presentation. When I was finished, my prospects wife said, “Mr. Shook, Tiger only does that with members of our immediate family. You must be a very honest person for her to be so friendly to you.” The truth of the matter was that I refrained from pushing

7、the cat off because I was afraid shed rip my suit or scratch my eyes out. However, I replied, “Yes, maam, Tiger obviously has some kind of instinct that enables her to accurately judge humans. She sure is a good judge of character.” Even though Tiger happened to be right in my case, I personally put

8、 very little faith in an animals instinctual ability to judge people. Id say his reactions have more to do with odors and body movement. Some people judge another person by the way he or she shakes hands. A good, strong grip represents character, while a “dead fish” handshake! is a bad sign. 1, too,

9、 dislike the flabby handshake with no life to it, but I am careful not m to use it as a basis for judging an individual. Again, its too easy for a con artist to put a hearty handshake into his act. Though you should give a firm handshake so youll immediately create a good impression,dont place too m

10、uch weight on the next fellows grip; it doesnt tell you anything concrete about him. Theres certain clean-cut appearance that creates an honest image. For example, a blond, blue-eyed young man with a boyish grin and a look that typifies the boy-next-door, All-American type will almost always inspire

11、 confidence in mothers. There is no logical reason for placing such blind faith in a man simply because of the way he looks, yet most people do make such quick judgments. Conversely, the seedy man with dark oily skin, greasy black hair, and a moustache is not considered honest-looking. Similarly, a

12、woman may have them looks which are usually associated with those of a streetwalker, whereas a high-priced call girl may look refined and refreshing. Naturally, clothes and in the case of women cosmetics, have a great deal to do with such aforementioned appearances, but unfortunately a persons m nat

13、ural looks, over which he or she has little control, play an important part in the judgments most people will make. I pity the hard-working, honest salesman who was born with the looks that make people automatically think, “Hes not the kind of man Id want to buy a used car from!” On the other hand,

14、a very devious individual may look like the type you can trust. How can you be sure that the hitchhiker who looks so clean-cut is any less dangerous than the one who, because of his appearance, looks like a risk? And how can you be sure that this one really is a risk? The point is that we are most o

15、ften being completely ueasonable in making such snap decisions. On a larger scale, voters often react favorably to a politician simply because of his clean-cut appearance. His opponent is often judged negatively because he has not been blessed with natural looks that generate trust. This kind of jud

16、gment is erroneous, and the consequences can produce devastating results. Granted, many people vote for a candidate strictly because of political issues, but the clean-cut image can tip the scales in favor of the wrong man in a close election. We make snap judgments about people on the basis of how

17、they express themselves. To revert to politics, many voters judge a candidates ability by the way he makes a public speech. But though a candidate may be an effective speaker, he may not be capable of doing the job for which he is running. I know many highly talented men who simply have not develope

18、d an ability to speak well in public, but who are excellent in communicating with others on a one-to-one basis. The ability to express yourself strongly is always important, but we are too often wrongly impressed by the man who comes across as eloquent, since it is always possible thatthis virtue is

19、 only“skin-deep.” Yet it is easy to imagine a politician with a clean-cut look and a magnetic speaking voice romping all over his unassuming but better qualified opponent. He wins solely because his image is convincing. After many years of interviewing and hiring salesmen, I have reached the conclus

20、ion that the man with the glib tongue doesnt necessarily become the top producer. Though there is a definite advantage in having a “natural” selling personality, more often than not the salesman with good working habits, proper motivation, and commitment is the one who becomes the best in his compan

21、y. Too often, the sales manager who hires salesmen simply because of their extroverted and flamboyant personalities will have a high turnover. Another influencing factor is the effect produced on the listener by the sound of a name. At some time or another, weve all been guilty of hastily forming an

22、 unwarranted opinion when we hear a “winning name” as opposed to a “losing” one. Hollywood recognized this fact long ago when the studios began changing the stars real names. One of my favorite movie lines is James Bonds response to Pussy Galore, the heroine in the movie Goldfinger. Meeting her for

23、the first time, he can only exclaim, “I must be dreaming!” Had her name been Harriett Finkelstein, the audience would never have been able to appreciate one of the screens all-time great names! Yet, no matter how great a name is, using it as a criterion in evaluating character is just as illogical a

24、s determining a persons value by a handshake. The beautiful, sexy redhead isnt always the best bed partner, nor is the big, strong man, whom we usually expect to be the hero, always braver than the small, frail man on the battlefield. Likewise, there is no sound reason for believing that the out-of-

25、town attorney or consultant is any more of an expert than the local man.Just because your dentist has to book you six months in advance does not automatically mean that he does the best root-canal work. Nor will the insurance agent who drives a Mercedes necessarily give you better service than the a

26、gent who drives a Ford sedan. Having to go through a main switchboard, a receptionist, and a private secretary before you get to speak with your attorney is no indication of his legal abilities. I also hope you dont withdraw all your savings from Fourth Bank and deposit them with Third Bank just bec

27、ause their new home office building is several stories taller. It is equally ueasonable to assume that a hospital-clean restaurant serves the best food. True, all these factors are nice window dressing, and they shouldnt be completely ignored, but other more important factors must be considered befo

28、re you make any final decisions about those with whom youll do business. Many images are only mirages that we have been conditioned to accept as the real thing. So dont be fooled the next time somebody tells you that Truman Blue is a great guy because of his wonderful smile, the way he looks people

29、straight in the eye when he talks to them, his firm handshake, and his remarkable rapport with pets! Phrases and Expressions in quest for: trying to find; seeking what about: what do you think about (sth.) stem from: arise from; have as its origin or cause take to: start to like count on: rely on wi

30、th confidence take a liking to: be fond of have to do with sb. (sth.): be connected with or related to sb. (sth.) tip the scales: give a slight advantage to sb. or sth. be blessed with sb. (sth.): be fortunate in having sb. (sth.) revert to: talk about again; go back to (a former subject of conversa

31、tion) come across: make an impression of the specified type more often than not: very frequently as opposed to: in contrast to Unit2 Is Love an Art? Is love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experience is a matter of chance, something one “falls

32、 into” if one is lucky? This little book is based on the former premise, while undoubtedly the majority of people today believe in the latter. Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they lis

33、ten to hundreds of trashy songs about love yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love.This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combined tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of being loved,

34、rather than that of loving, of ones capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of ones position permits

35、. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating ones body, dress, etc. Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make onese

36、lf lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, “to win friends and influence people.” As a ED matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal. A second premise behind the attitude that there

37、 is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an object, not the problem of a faculty. People think that to love is simple, but that to find the right object to love or to be loved is difficult. This attitude has several reasons rooted in the devel

38、opment of modern society. One reason is the great change which occurred in the twentieth century with respect to the choice of a “love object.” In the Victorian age, as in many traditional cultures, love was mostly not a spontaneous personal experience which then might lead to marriage. On the contr

39、ary, marriage was contracted by convention either by the respective families, or by a marriage broker, or without the help of such intermediaries; it was concluded on the basis of social considerations, and love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded. In the last few generation

40、s the concept of romantic love has become almost universal in the Western world. In the United 篇二：研究生综合英语1(翻译+答案) Unit OneAn Image or a Mirage III. Vocabulary A. 1. unassuming 2. stemmed from 3. infallible 4. had taken to 5. prospect 6. flabby 7. More often than not8.devious 9. tipped the scales in

41、her favor10. rapport B. 1. instinctual 2.immediate 3. deposit 4. frail 5. seedy 6. magnetic7. extroverted 8. book 9. unwarranted 10. refined C. 1. D 2.C3. B 4. A5. A 6. C 7. C8.B 9. D10.B IV. Cloze= 1. which 2. run3. concerned 4. familiar 5. evident 6. even 7.what 8.Consequently 9 knowing10.By 11. o

42、ne 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15. yourself 16. mind17. from 18. never 19. pays20. considered V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有 利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。 我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这

43、一话题上 来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with o

44、thers, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others

45、. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will b

46、e based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self otherwise, the

47、 image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you?re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anythi

48、ng in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. Translation of Text 形象还是表象？ 罗伯特 ? L ? 舒克 成功的形象与表象之间有明显的区别。表象是虚假的现象，要想寻求成功的形象，你必须能够识别这些表象。 有一种形象常被误解，其根源在于人们对目光接触的看法。你不知多少次听到

49、有人说：“他直视你的眼睛,一定是个老实人”。显然，许多人一定认为，不老实的人因说谎而感到惭愧，甚至不能面对他人。但假如老实人因羞怯而不敢直视你呢？况且，骗人的老手知道，许多人根据某人打量他们的方式判断其人品，因此他会故意将目光接触纳入其行为之中。既然你不能依靠目光接触做出灵验的判断，就不该用此法评价他人是否诚实。然而，既然大多数人的确凭此标准判断他人，你务必要经常直视他们的眼睛。 根据一个人打量你的方式评价其诚信并不比根据你的猫或狗对其做出的反应判断其人品更合乎情理。然而，你不知多少次听到狗的主人说：“真有趣 索尔不常喜欢陌生人。他判断人性很在行，他对你友好使我知道你身上有某些优点。” 有一次，我来到一位可能成为我客户的人的