动名词-动词不定式讲义(共4页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上非谓语动词一、动词不定式1、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。 Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat2、动词不定式的句法功能1）动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：把不定式置于句首。To get there by bike will take u

2、s half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能省钱。用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后.Its our duty to take good care of the old.It takes me two days to read the book.It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.It is stupid of you to write down every

3、thing (that) the teacher says.It seemed impossible to save money. 考点拓展：it is+adj+for sb to do.it is+adj+of sb to do .的含义及区别It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了.It is beneficial for you to do sports.运动对你有益.完成下列句子,试试:Its very difficult_ me to do it. Its very kind_you to do it for me. It is clever_him

4、to come down without ropes.1. It was stupid _ me to talk in that way to my mother.2. It is very important _ us to master English.3. It was impossible _the little boy to carry such a heavy box.4. It is smart _ them to make good use of the Internet.2）不定式作宾语1）有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： woul

5、d like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： I plan to see a film this evening. I want to go to school.考点拓展： 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。John asked David how _ Christma

6、s. A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate 2）在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。I find it easy to read English every day. I find _ him all about it. A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell3）不定式作宾语补足语 Lucy asked him to tu

7、rn down the radio. My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 4、不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 Sally had no pen _yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. w

8、riting withHave you decided _? A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to goWould you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with4）不定式作状语 The meeting room is big enough _ one hun

9、dred people. A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds Today we use machines _ us do most of our work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped二、动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我

10、非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。小结一后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况1.动词： fini

11、sh doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；practice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持续做某事2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doin

12、g sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in

13、doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth与相比较更喜欢； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为做贡献二后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况1.动词：agree to do同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；w

14、ish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth. 想做；used to do sth. 过去常做某事2.句型. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth.

15、 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事 follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be excited to do sth. 对做感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去

16、做某事 be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会 Its + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样Its +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）Its be

17、st for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的 Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了too(for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿而不愿something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易 take turns to do sth. 轮流做There is no time (for

18、sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事 try/do ones best to do sth. 尽力去做某事三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况： 1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词有些动词接doing和to do意义相近像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大.like to do表示想要做某一具体的动作 like doing表示一般

19、或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。 I like to swim this afternoon.I like swimming. 2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词： remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过) try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做) go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事) cant help to do(不能帮助做) cant help doing(情不自禁做) 1、stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做)*Please stop _ a

20、rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has *Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write 2、forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过) *Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B

21、. Taking C. to take D. took 四、省略to的动词不定式用法归纳使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。 Let me _ another cup of tea.A. to have B. have C. having D. to having She had him_ away the snow.A. to sweep B. sweep C. sweeping D. to sweepingThey made him_ them everything.A. to tell B. tell C. tel

22、ling D. to telling感觉动词与to的省略当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to.We all felt the house _.A. shaking B. shake C. to shake D.to shaking.I heard him _ down the stairs.A.to go B. going C.go D. went Did you notice her _ the house?A.to leave B. leaving

23、 C. leave D. to leavingI watched her _ into the car.A. to get B. getting C.get D.got在had better、would rather、maymight as well、rather than等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带to。Youd better _ when you come in. A.not to wake up me B.not to wake me up C.not to wake up me D.not to wake me up“How about a drink?” “Id rather _ s

24、omething to eat.” A.have B.to have C.had D.having以why或why not开头引起的无主语中，动词不定式要省略to。 why not do sth? =why dont you do sth?I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change?A.to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try goingWhy not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let him go home D. to let him to go home在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。 Were going to help _ the trees. A. watered B. watering C. to watering D. water专心-专注-专业