数词用法讲解及练习(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上数词I.定义与分类数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。II. 基数词1. 中没有“万”这个读数单位，要表示汉语中的“万”，需借用thousand一词，如“一万”用“十个千”表示(ten thousand)，“十万”用“一百个千”表示(one hundred thousand)。2. 用作基

2、数词单位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 通常不带复数词尾-s，但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则用复数。如：About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。3. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头(from )。This took place in

3、 the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。III. 序数词1. 许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的，如four / fourth，six / sixth，ten / tenth，sixteen / sixteenth，但是nine变为序数词是ninth，而不是nineth。2. twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie，再加-th 构成。3. first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th, 5th, 9th,

4、11th, 60th, 128th等。4. 非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。5. hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为 hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等。6. 序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third

5、. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如：Well have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次(from )。序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于：定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似another的意思，但比another 的意思更明确。 IV. 分数、倍数、小数和百分数 1. 分数。(1)分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。如：two thirds=2/3 thr

6、ee fifths=3/5注：1/2 通常读作 a one half，一般不读作a second；1/4 可读作 a one fourth，也可读作 a one quarter。(2) 分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。(3) 分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。2. 倍数。中表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。如：T

7、heyre twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。倍数的几种表达法(1) 倍数+as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as。如：This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(2) 倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：This bridge is three times longer than that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(3) 倍数+ the s

8、ize/length/weight+of+表示比较对象的名词。如：This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(4) 倍数+what引导的从句。如：The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。 3. 百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 per cent。如：thirty percent=30%, 60 percent=60%用“基数词percent”。若表示几分之几或百分之几十的人或物时，用加of，作主语时，谓语动词的

9、数与of后的名词数一致。如：Forty percent of the students wear glasses.百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.三分之二的钱都花在食物上。注意：percent一律用单数形式. 4. 小数。小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。V. 日期1949年1949读作ninetee

10、n forty-nine6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundredVI. 钟点半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。08:00 eight oclock或eight09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after

11、 nine02:30 two thirty或half past/after two05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six14:15 fourteen fifteen=2.15 p. m.23:05 twenty-three oh five24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnightVII. 编号1. 单纯的编号，可在基数词前加number，简写为No.。如No.2第二。2. 序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况(from )：(1)小序号可用“the +序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。如第一次课可以说the First Le

12、sson或Lesson One。(2)大序号通常只用“名词+数词”。如808号房间Room 808；168路公共汽车Bus No.168；南京路1490号1490 Nanjing Road；电话号码(用基数词逐个念，0念字母O)。(3 )用“a/the + number+基数词+名词”。如a No.3 bus一辆三路公共汽车，the No.3 bus那辆三路公共汽车。VIII. 约数 1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如：The boy bought dozens of pencils

13、.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。注意：(1)dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数量时，不用复数。如five dozen eggs五打鸡蛋, three hundred people五百个人。但score用法略有不同，与数词连用时，也加of。如two score of eggs (40个蛋)。(2)有时单数形式的dozen, score, hundred, million等前面有数词，后面也有of，此时的of表示的是部分与整体的关系，其后一

14、定是them, us之类的人称代词或者有the, these, your之类的限定词。如I want to buy three dozen of the eggs. (我想买其中的三打蛋) (from )2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。如nearly two hours将近两个小时。3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如more than 100 years一百多年。4. 用or, or so, about, around,

15、 some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。5. 用to, fromto, betweenand表示介于两数词。如：His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。IX. 年代表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the +逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s，也可加s。如“在20世纪80年代”是in the 1980s或in the 1980s，

16、读作in the nineteen eighties。注意：不要漏掉the。X.年龄1. 表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用“基数词years old”或“基数词of age”或者“at the age of基数词”，也可直接用基数词。如：He began to English at (the age of) seventy. 他70岁开始学。Shes seventy years old.= Shes seventy years of age.她70岁了。2. 表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用“in ones+逢十的基数词的复数(如tens, twenties, thirties等)”来表达。如：H

17、e went to America in his thirties.他30多岁时去了美国。 XI. 算式2+8=10 Two plus eight is/equals ten.Two and eight are/equal ten.If you add two and eight, you will get ten.8-2=6 Eight minus two is/equals six.Two from eight is/equals six.If you subtract two from eight, you will get six2x8=16 Two multiplied by eig

18、ht is/equals sixteen.Two times eight is/equals sixteen.If you multiply two by eight, you will get sixteen.82=4 Eight divided by two is/equals four.Eight over two is/equals four.If you divide eight by two, you will get four.数词专项练习( ) 1. The Peoples Liberation Army was founded _.A. on August 1, 1927 B

19、. in 1927, 1 August C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927( ) 2. A _ boy can sing the English song very well.A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-years-old D. tenth years old( ) 3. An hour later, _ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men.A. two B. the second C. the

20、two D. second( ) 4. Do you think there is any room for us _ ?A. two B. the two C. second D. the second( ) 5. Which number is wrong? _.A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth( ) 6. The number 4,123 is read _.A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B.four thousand and one hundred twenty-thre

21、eC. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three( ) 7. The old professor still works hard though he is _.A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty( ) 8. This classroom is _ ours.A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three

22、 times as big as D. as big three times as( ) 9. The basketball team of our school ranks _ in the match.A. three B. third C. the three D. the third( ) 10. Which is the car that he drives? Its _.A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars C. the car fifty four D. the fifty-fourth car( ) 11. Which of the follow

23、ing is wrong? _.A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15.C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.( ) 12. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students.A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of( ) 13. -How many new words are there in _ l

24、esson? -There are only _.A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five( ) 14. _, Coca-Cola began to enter Chinas market.A. In 1970s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s D. In the 1970s( ) 15. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _.A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten m

25、iles walk D. tenth mile walk( ) 16. Which room do you live in? _.A. The 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. The 201s Room( ) 17. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means _.A. 3,170 B. 3,117 C. 300,170 D. 30,170( ) 18. On May _, _ people traveled round the country.A. the first, millions

26、 B. the first, millions of C. first, the millionth D. first, millions( ) 19. _ of them are dining at school.A. Twelve B. Twelfth C. The twelve D. the 12th( ) 20. 7:17 is read _.A. seven and seventeen B. seven seven C. seven one seven D. seven seventeen( ) 21. Four _ two is two.A. plus B. minus C. ti

27、mes D. divided by( ) 22. Three _ five is eight.A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 23. Three _ seven is twenty-one.A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 24. Forty-two _ seven is six.A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 25. There are _ days in a year.A. three hundred sixty and five

28、B. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundreds and sixty-five D. three hundred sixty-five( )26. There are _ students in that school.A. two thousand eight-six B. two thousand eighty-sixC. two thousand and eighty-six D. two thousands and eighty-six( ) 27. It took me _ to get there.A. two hours and a

29、 half B. two hours and half C. two hour and a half D. two hour and half( ) 28. _ is a very tall boy.A. The twelve B. The twelveth C. The twelfeth D. The twelfth( ) 29. “What year is it?” “Its _.”A. nineteen hundred and ninety-seven B. nineteen and ninety-sevenC. nineteen ninety and seven D. nineteen

30、 ninety-seven( ) 30. “Whats the date today?” “Its _.”A. Tuesday B. June Fourth C. June the four D. June the fourth( ) 31. The train from Shanghai will arrive _.A. in quarter past six B. in a quarter past six C. at quarter past six D. at a quarter past six( ) 32. My friend was born on _.A. three of J

31、uly, 1979 B. the third of July,1979 C. 1979, July the third D. 1979, the third of July( ) 33. _ is less than _.A. One-third; two-thirds B. One-third; two-thirdC. First-three; first-threes D. One-t hird; one-three( ) 34. Which lesson did you learn yesterday? _ _.A. Lesson Seven B. Lesson seventh C. T

32、he 7 Lesson D. 7 Lesson( ) 35. There will be a comedy on TV at _ this evenin g.A. seven past thirty B. half past seven C. seven the thirty D. thirty to seven( ) 36. It took me _ to find out the key to the drawer.A. one and half hours B. one and a half hours C. one and a half hour D. one and half hou

33、r( ) 37. Im so tired after _ walk.A. three hours B. three hours C. three hours D. three hour( ) 38. There are _ stars in the sky.A. million of B. millions of C. the million D. a million of( ) 39. The street is _ wide.A. two meters B. two meter C. the two meter D. a two meter( )40. Most of the stars

34、are much bigger than the sun. But they are _ light years away from us.A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of( )41. _ of the surface(表面) of the earth is covered with water.A. First third B. Two thirds C. One three D. Two three( )42. There are _ people in my family. We live on the _ f

35、loor in a tall building.A. five, six B. fifth, sixth C. fifth, six D. five, sixth( )43. The flood happened _.A. in the summer of 1998 B. in the summer of 1998s C. in 1998 of the summer D. in 1998s of the summer( )44. - How soon will you finish your work? - In about _.A. one and a half month B. one m

36、onth and a half C. one and half a month D. a month and half( )45. We will have a _ holiday. What about going to Suzhou?A. five days B. five day C. five-day D. five-days( )46. We are sure the _ century will bring us more hopes.A. twentieth-first B. twentieth-one C. twenty-one D. twenty-first( )47. At

37、 the age of _, he had his own lab.A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth D. the thirty( )48. - Would you like some fruit, madam? - Oh, yes. _, please. A. 5 kilo bananas B. 5 kilos of bananas C. 5 kilo of bananas D. 5 kilos of banana( )49. This building is for a _. A. family of three B. three people

38、 C. three peoples family D. three peoples family( )50. Look at the table. Tom wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and an ice-cream. How much will he pay?Hamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $ 1.20 Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.50 Ice-cream $2.00 Water $0.50 Popcorn $1.00 Large coke $1.00A. Three dollars and s

39、ixty cents. B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.C. Five dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars.音标语法词汇阅读综合训练I. Fill in the blanks according to the phonetic transcriptions.II. Complete the following passages with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. (A)A. chairs B. amazing C

40、. cause D. at least E. dangerousHome should be the safest place of all, but carelessness makes it one of the most _6_. Accidents can happen when people use tables and _ as ladders and misuse kitchen appliances. Many home accidents involve falls. Objects that are left on floors can make others fall o

41、ver. The kitchen is another place where many falls take place. Cleaning up water off the floor can prevent many accidents.Burns happen mostly at home, and many of them happen in the kitchen. A hot oven is an obvious danger that can _8_ painful burns. Cooking with heat should be done by adults, or _9

42、_ with an adult around. (B)A. without B. signs C. instead of D. as well as E. regularlyHouse fires are also a serious problem. They often start _10_ being noticed, so every house should have one smoke detector（探测器） on each floor. The detectors can detect, or sense, any sign of smoke and warn you wit

43、h an alarm.Every family member should know what to do when there is a fire. Once agreed upon, these safety rules should be reviewed and practised together _11_. This practice will create a much safer home.Accidents often happen in public places _12_ at home. Accidents take place in these places for

44、two main reasons. First, most visitors are unfamiliar with these places. Second, public places are often crowded. While you are in these places, pay attention to _13_ warning about any dangers.III. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 14. As we all know, Edison was one

45、of the greatest _ in the world. (science)15. We must keep the balance of _. (natural)16. Of all the subjects, I like _ best. (chemical)17. Staying in an air-conditioned room in summer makes me feel _. (comfort)18. Teachers should be _ to all the students. (patiently)19. It is _ to talk loudly in the reading room. (polite)20. The detective story has a _ ending. I like it very much. (drama)21. All the staff in this big company had _ exam last week. (medicine)