高三英语总复习语法专项训练.ppt

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1、 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done，如：，如： Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing.a. Its no use sending him over. Its too late already. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything. Its a waste of time arguing about it.b. Theres n

2、o joking about such matters. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.注：注：与与的区别：的区别： 动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如：往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如： Its no use crying over

3、 spilt milk. (抽象抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体具体) a. 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：主语也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.b. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语，而将动名而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中

4、，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：用不定式来代替： Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing 例如：例如： Its no use going there today; he wont be at home. Its a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home. 而在而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable / Its essential / Its fi

5、tting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：这类句型中，只能用不定式，如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times. 动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。用副词来修饰。 现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特

6、征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，等副词来修饰，如：如： My job is looking after the children. Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. The situation is encouraging. This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. ，如：，如：Hearing the words, she couldn

7、t help thinking of her past bitterness.We all avoided mentioning that matter. 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类： 一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid, admit, consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, cant help, imagine, keep (on), dont mind, miss, practise, put o

8、ff, stop, go on, resist, suggest等，如：等，如： Mary is considering changing her job. I enjoy working with you. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? 另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：中有：begin, cannot bear, continue, forget, hate, intend, like, love, plan, prefer, propose, regret, r

9、emember, start, try, want, need, cant afford等。等。 上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要注意下列几个情况：注意下列几个情况： 在在begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等动词后，两种结构意义无大的出入，如：等动词后，两种结构意义无大的出入，如： She cant bear being laughed at / to be laughed at. 但是在下列情况下

10、，通常用但是在下列情况下，通常用：a. 在在would like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一个特定的新动作时：后表示一个特定的新动作时： Id like to buy a suit. Id hate to disappoint them. b. 当谓语动词已用进行时态时：当谓语动词已用进行时态时： The water is beginning / starting to boil. Im starting to work on my essay next week.c. 在在begin 等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构

11、成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时）：状态或精神活动时）： She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong.d. 当主语是物，不是人时：当主语是物，不是人时： The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to melt. 在在need, want, deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名

12、词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：（这时主语一般是物），如： The door needs oiling / to be oiled. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door. He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写用毛笔试着写

13、) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事不能不结束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事不能帮助结束某事) They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼停止钓鱼) They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼离开某处出发去钓鱼) I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉事表示遗憾、抱歉) I regret not taking your advice. (后悔后悔)

14、动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。常动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。常见的有：见的有：insist on / persist in / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward to / depend on / thank for / excuse for / devote to / set about / spend in / get (be) use

15、d to / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up 等，如：等，如： Why do you persist ? He insisted . They all objected . Are you interested ? Im thinking . I dont feel . She is afraid . He finally got tired . 如：如： They broke in loud cheers .

16、He warned me . She left . , she had to take care of the children. He felt uncomfortable . They were surprised .如：如： He hasnt much experience . Whats their reason ? Have you any objection ? He has little hope . They dont approve of his way . Im glad to have this opportunity .如：如： singing competition

17、swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，它和名词之间动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词现在分词作定语，表示被修饰作定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关名词本身的

18、动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。系。 有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个前加上一个或或，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用有时也可以用人称代词宾格人称代词宾格或或名词普通格名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语，不过，这主要用于口语中。如：中。如： She wont hear of . Do you object to ?注：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称注：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，如：代词宾格，如： I dont

19、 like the idea of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定注：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如： Is there any hope of your team winning the match? The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door. 作主语：作主语： was a gr

20、eat encouragement to us.Nothing is worse than . (not: Li) wont be of much help. 作表语：作表语：Our sole worry is .Whats troubling them is . 作宾语：作宾语：Do you mind ?Please excuse . 作介词宾语：作介词宾语：They insisted on .Do you think there will be any chance of ? 动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现

21、在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：如：They are all interested in climbing mountains.He took a great delight in helping others.如：如：He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I dont remember having ever promised you that.在某些动词之后（或在成语中）常用（或可以用）动名词的一在某些动

22、词之后（或在成语中）常用（或可以用）动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，如：般形式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，如：Excuse me for coming late.I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere.如：如：This question is far from .He did it without .They insisted on .He didnt mind .They couldnt stand being treated like that.如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如：词的完成被动形式，如： I dont remember