2018年6月英语六级真题及答案(第三套)(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2018年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on theimportance ofbuildingtrustbetween businesses and consumers. You can citeexamples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200

2、 words.The Importance of Building Trust Between Businesses and Consumers Today, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization an d digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularly important.As for me businesses should take a

3、leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. Whats worse, the

4、adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Be sides, because of the

5、proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products, and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthe

6、n the importance of maintaining trust between businesses and consumers to promote the healthy development t of the whole social economy.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明： 由于 2018 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Secti

7、on ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.

8、 Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write Marys Little Lamb, the eternal nursery rhyme(儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is

9、 still disputed, but its clear that the woman 26for writing it was one of Americas most fascinating 27 . In honor of the poems publication on May 24, 1830, heres more about the 28 authors life.Hale wasnt just a writer, she was also a 29 social advocate, and she was particularly 30 with an ideal New

10、England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had a deep moral influence. She began a nationwide 31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to fi

11、ve presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a 33 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of Marys Little Lamb is disputed. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed au

12、thorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it.

13、However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 of her life that some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem.专心-专注-专业A) campaign B) career C) characters D) features E) fierce F) inspired G) latter H)obsessed I) proclamation J) rectified K) reput

14、ed L) rest M) supposed N)traditional O) versatileSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose

15、a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Grow Plants Without WaterA) Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, weve faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goe

16、s without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has

17、 consequences: South Africas ongoing droughtthe worst in three decadeswill cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.B) Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable

18、 rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earths climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. The type of farming Im

19、aiming for is literally so that people can survive as its going to get more and more dry, Farrant says.C) Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hi

20、lls are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.D) Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During mo

21、nths without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plants death in reverse.E) The big differe

22、nce between drought-tolerant plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use

23、up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term drought tolerant to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to cal

24、l them drought resistant.F) Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead de

25、veloped the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber

26、, and finally enter a glass-like state that is the most stable state that the plant can maintain, Farrant says. That slows the plants metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporat

27、e. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.G) What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seedsalmost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子), such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delic

28、atethey cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if youve ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right an

29、d they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.H) After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds

30、so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attach

31、ed to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plantsand how to reproduce them in crops. Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes, Farrant says. Were looking at gene promoters and what would

32、be their master switch.I) Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. Im trying three methods of breeding, Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing. She says she is aw

33、are that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails：Im giving people an option.J) Farrant and others in the resurrection bu

34、siness got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for relat

35、ed species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South A

36、frican plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideasso far mostly done in the labon test plots.K) Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defen

37、ses already. For instance, theres a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism.It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plants safety. The yield is never going to be high, Farrant says, so these

38、 plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. My vision is for the subsistence farmer, Farrant says. Im targeting crops that are of African value.36.

39、There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.37. Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.38. Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.39. Resurrecti

40、on crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.40. Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive a prolonged drought.41. Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.42. Most see

41、ds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.43. Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that can survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.44. By adjusting their metabolism, resurrect

42、ion plants can recover from an extended period of drought.45. Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four cho

43、ices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial

44、-recognition skills can only remember so much.Its tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousandsbased on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines

45、 arent limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it seesthen recognize a face its told to findwith remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. Its also what m

46、akes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Wa

47、shington created a massive database of facesthey call it MegaFaceand tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different peopleand not just a

48、 large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with whats been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example,

49、 were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. Thats still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. Much better than we expected, she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alikeeither doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate p