人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit12语法指导与练习(共11页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit12语法指导与练习Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?Unit 12语法指导与练习语法指导一般过去时态（）【教材原句】1. What did you do last weekend? I did my homework./We went boating.2. Where did she go last weekend?She went to a farm.3.Who did she go with?She went with her classmates.4.Who visited her gran

2、dma?Betty did.以上4句均为 和 引导的特殊疑问句，且句子的时态为 时态。（what；where；who；一般过去）【语法透析】一、一般过去时的各种句型一般过去时，分两种情况：一是be动词的一般过去时；二是行为动词的一般过去时。一般过去时：有be（was/were）无行为动词，有行为动词无be（was/were）。It was a beautiful day.是个美好的日子。Grandma cooked fish.奶奶煎鱼了。1.一变：肯定句变为否定句【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词could，would，should等时，可直接在他们后面加not构成否定句。I could get y

3、ou a concert ticket.我能给你一张音乐会的票。I could not/couldnt get you a concert ticket.我不能给你一张音乐会的票。【技巧2】当句中含有连系动词was/were时，可直接在它们后面加not构成否定句。I was on the Internet when you called me.你给我打电话时我正在上网I was not/wasnt on the Internet when you called me.你给我打电话时我们在上网。【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、连系动词（was/were）以外的动词时，在该动词之前加di

4、d not(didnt)，动词还原为原形，构成否定句。The famous singer sang some Chinese songs.这位著名的歌手唱了几首中文歌曲。The famous singer didnt sing any Chinese songs.这位具名的歌手没有唱中文歌曲。2.二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。He could pack his things himself.他能自己把东西打包。Could he pack his things himself?【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓

5、语是除情态动词、助动词、连系动词（was/were）以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。Mr. Li looked very old.李先生看起来很老。Did Mr.Li look very old?李先生看起来很老吗？3.三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句【技巧1】确定疑问词：人who/whom，物what，地点where，时间when/what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等。They gave the concert last night.他们昨晚举办了音乐会。When did they give the concert?他们何时

6、举办了音乐会？【技巧2】辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/was/were+主语+其他？The accident happened near the station.那起事故是在车站附近发生的。Where did the accident happen?那是事故是在哪里发生的？二、一般过去时的判断1.当句中用到表示过去的时间状语，用过去时。这样的状语有： a.yesterday，如：yesterday morning，at five oclock yesterday. b.last，如：last week,last monthe,last year,last Sunday afterno

7、on. c.ago，用“一段时间+ago”表示“（多久）以前”，如：ten years ago,5 minutes ago,three weeks ago. d.表示过去的时间短语，如：in the 90s,on May 1st1892,in the old days(过去的日子里)，just now,the other day(前几天)，once upon a time(很久以前)，before liberation(解放前)，When I was8 years old（当我八岁时），at+一个时间点.2.根据句意确知某一动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，如：Edison invented ma

8、ny useful things.爱迪生范明了许多有用的东西。3.有时间、让步或结果状语从句的，一般主句用一般过去时，从句也用过去时，如：The man drank some water after he got up in the morning.4.一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always，once a week等表示频度的时间状语连用，如：Mrs.Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。【试题链接】Tony football every weekend when he was young.A.plays B

9、.played C.is playing D.has played（时间状语every weekend when he was young.指的是过去，故句子用一般过去时态。答案：B）5.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上时指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用一般过去时。如：I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话者之前，所以只能用过去时态表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）【试题链接】What the noise,Bill?Sorry

10、,I broke my glass. A.is B.was C.has been D.will be(由下文中的broke可知，句子是一般过去时，由句意“比尔，是什么噪音？对不起，我打坏了玻璃。”) EXERCISES:一、选择填空。（ ）1.What Peter do last weekend?.A.do B.does C.did D.was（ ）2. you TV last night?A.Do;watch B.Did;watch C.Did;watched D.Does;watch（ ）3.When did you there?A.arrive B.arrives C.arrived D

11、.arrive in（ ）4.Who went to the beach?Lisa .A.do B.does C.did D.was （ ）5.Tom usually up at 5:30 in the morning,but this morning he up at 6:00.A.gets;gets B.got;got C.gets;got D.get;got二、根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Jim and Lily (come)to China last month.2.Ted (not go)to bed until 12 oclock last night.So he (ge

12、t)up late this morning.3.There (be)no one here a moment ago.4.I listened but (hear)nothing.5.The students in our school (spend) lots of time (go) over their lessons last week because of the test.6.My mother (not do)housework yesterday because of illness.7. your father (go)to work every day last year

13、?8.What Mary (do)on Sunday morning? She (watch)TV and (read)an interesting book.9. （be）your mother a shop assistant last year?No,she (not be).10.I (have)an exciting party last weekend.11.We_(live)inJapanlastyear.12.Jack_(stop)thecarlastSunday.13.Tom_(clean)myroomand_(study)fortheChinesetestlastweeke

14、nd.14.What_you_(do)lastnight?15.OnSundaymorningI_(play)tennis.16.What_(do)yourfatherdolastMonday?17.Tom(study)Englishlastnight.18.They(go)totheparklastSaturdayafternoon.19.We(have)aclassmeetinglastTuesdayafternoon.20.He(watch)TVovertheweekend.21.Lily_ (swim)lastSunday.22.Theboys_ (visit)hisunclelast

15、Friday三、句型转换，按要求改写句子。1.I went to the beach with my parents last Sunday.（对画线部分提问） 2.There were about nine hundred people in the meeting hall.(对画线部分提问) 3.Her last weekend was very good. (对画线部分提问) 4.Her brother was in the park just now. (对画线部分提问) 5.She had some bread for lunch today. (对画线部分提问) 语法指导感 叹

16、句感叹句的基本结构感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。常翻译成“多（么）啊！” 一、 由What引导的感叹句 由What引导的感叹句，其结构为:1.What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！如：What a beautiful girl she is!多漂亮的女孩啊! What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！What a lovely day it is!多好的天气啊!What an interesting story it is !多有趣的故事啊! 2.What +adj.+可数

17、名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！如：What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊! What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！What bad weather it is!多坏的天气啊! What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！3.What+a/an+名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！ What+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！这类句子省略了形容词：（1）当其中的名词带有形容词的意味时.如：What luck! 真幸运! What fools! 真是些笨蛋! What

18、 a surprise! 真是意想不到!（2）当进行批评时.如： What nonsense! 一派胡言! What a shame! 多可耻(惜)! What a mess! 多么脏乱啊!（八册课本P16 Part1）(3) 当表示强调或夸张时. 如：Oh, what a lie! 啊，多大的谎言! What a night! 多糟糕的一个晚上！（4）当表示蔑视时.如：What a man he is! 那家伙算什么! （5）没有上下文，意思可能不确定时。如：What a day! 看这天气! (是褒是贬，视具体情况而定)注意：在口语中,what引导的这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,如： W

19、hat a big fish!多大的一条鱼啊 ！What a pretty girl!多秀丽的女孩啊! What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鸟啊! 二、由how引导的感叹句。 由how引导的感叹句,其结构为:1.How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语+其他成分！如：How big the dining room is!餐厅真大啊! How lovely the girls are!这些女孩真可爱! How beautiful those flowers are!这些花真美啊! How well she dances!她跳得真好呀! How hard he studi

20、es!他学习多么努力啊! How carefully Li Yan listens!李艳听得多么认真啊!How big the listening room is!语音室真大呀! How beautiful the park is!公园多么美丽啊! How well she sings!她唱得太好了!How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！ 2.How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！（这和what的第1个用法，是相同意义的句子，只是表达法不同而已）如：How beautiful a g

21、irl she is!多漂亮的女孩啊!How lovely a day it is!多好的天气啊!How interesting a story it is !多有趣的故事啊!3.如果句子是纯粹的“主语谓语宾语(或其他成分)”结构， 那么，变感叹句时，可在句首直接加How。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊！ How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！How I wish I was a bird!我多么希望我是一只鸟啊！注意：在口语中,how引导的这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,只保留感叹部分。如: How clean! 真干净! How f

22、ast!多么快啊! 三、其他形式的感叹句感叹句除用what和how引出外，还可有其他许多形式，如可用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等，有时甚至一个单词或一个短语也可用作感叹句：Stop talking！ 不要讲话了！ Isnt it a lovely day！ 天气真好！ The garden looks so lovely today！ 这花园今天真美！ Fire！ 失火了！ Very good！ 很好! There was no face showing! Hes such a nice boy! The Great Wall is a magnificent building! Isnt it

23、snowing heavily! Wonderful! Nonsense! Happy New Year to you! Cheer! 注意：陈述句用作感叹句时，句中通常有so， such， really等加强语气的词语；疑问句用作感叹句，句子多为否定疑问句形式。感叹句巧解五法（1）一找二断三辨四确定： 构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what和how，其基本结构是： 1）What名词性词组（a/an+形容词+可数名词单数；形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词）陈述肯定式（主语+谓语+其他成分）！ 2）How形容词（或副词）陈述肯定式（主语+谓语+其他成分！ 很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄

24、不清楚。如： _cold water this is！ AHow BWhat _cold it is！ AWhat BHow 如果我们采取“一找二断三辨四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语和谓语。“二断”就是将主语和主语之前的词之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this之间断开。“三辨”，断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，注意是单纯的形容词还是副词，或者是由“a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”构成的名词性词组，还是由“形容词+可数名词复数”或“形容词+不可数名词”构成的名词性词组。如句中断线前的词是cold water，是“形容词+不可数名词”构成的名词性词组。

25、（注意：如果感叹句省略了主语和谓语，那么句中就只有单纯的形容词还是副词，或者是由“a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”构成的名词性词组，还是由“形容词+可数名词复数”或“形容词+不可数名词”构成的名词性词组，这样也方便辨别。）“四确定”，根据What和How引导的感叹句的基本结构，就可迅速确定是用What还是How来引导感叹句。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法可以立即对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：_coldit is！断开线其前只有一个单纯的形容词cold，故应填How。 上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那

26、个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。例如： _nice present it is！ AHow BWhat CHow DWhat a用上述方法，从present与it之间断开，断线前nice present是名词性词组，且present为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，故选D。 （2）“断找去添改”五步法：若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这“五步法”。如： The picture is very beautiful 断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：The picture isvery beautiful 找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。 去：中心词是

27、形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。（比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是very，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。 添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。 改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。 据此，上句就变成了：How beautiful the picture is！ 再如：要把“He is a good student”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：He

28、isa good student中心词是名词student，a good为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词what，变成：What a good student he is！ （3）一断二加三换位： 例：1）This is a beautiful flower 2）This flower is beautiful “一断”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。 1）This isa beautiful flower 2）This flower isbeautiful “二加”：在第二部分前加引起感叹句的“What或How”；中心词为名词时加“What”；是形容词、副词加“How

29、”。 1）What a beautiful flower 2）How beautiful “三换位”：将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。 1）What a beautiful flower this is！ 2）How beautiful this flower is！ （4）句型记忆法：因how和what的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感叹句句型可归纳为7种。如果记住这7种句子，做任何感叹句题都易如反掌。 1）How +形容词+ a +名词+其他成分！ 2）How+形容词或副词+其他成分！ 3）What +名词+其他成分！ 4）What +a+形容词+名词+其他成分！ 5）What +

30、形容词+复数名词+其他成分！ 6）What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分！7）其他形式的感叹句例：从题前A、B、C、D所表示的词或短语中选择正确答案，完成下列各句： A=What B=What a C=What an D=How_pleasant surprise you gave me！ _good news we have got！ _good a TV set weye bought！ _unpleasant experience you had last year！ 对了，答案依次为BADC。 （5）歌诀记忆法：感叹句中what和how的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用

31、what（a，an）；如果没有，用how（至于副词，其前永远用how）。 记住下面歌诀更方便。 what，how如何选？ 先在后面把名词找， 若有名词用what， 若无名词必用how。 what，how提句首， 其它紧跟别忘了。 主谓一起挪最后, 常常可以被省掉。【基础练习】 一、将下列句子变成感叹句 1. It is quite a nice present. _ _ nice present! 2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today! 3. Its sunny today. _ _ sunny day it is t

32、oday! 4. The children are working hard. _ _ the children are working! 5. She played basketball wonderfully. _ _ she played basketball! 6. He is good at singing. _ _ he sings! 7. He was doing well in dancing. _ a _ dancer he was! 8. Tom coughs badly. _ _ _ cough Tom has! 9. The fish is very lovely. _

33、 _ the fish is! 10. They live a happy life today. _ _ _ life they live! 二、选择合适选项 1. _ a nice watch it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 2. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. how a 3. _ interesting the film is! A. What B. What an C. How 4. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk. A.

34、 How a B. How C. What a D. What 5. _ hard work it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 6. _ day it is! Its rainy again. A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine 7. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 8. _ expensive trousers! A. What B. What a C. How D. Wh

35、at an 9. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright 10. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine 11. _ careless he is! A. What B. How C. So much D. How much 12. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way

36、is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is 13. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 14. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an 15. _ nice picture you gave me! A. How B.

37、What C. What a D. What an 三、用What或How填空： 1. a big tree it is! 2. big the tree is! 3. beautiful pictures! 4. beautiful the pictures are! 5. high the building is! 6. big eyes she has! 7. lovely the ice-cream is! 8. lovely ice-cream! 答案：1. What 2. How 3. What 4. How 5. How 6. What 7. How 8. What【中等题】 一

38、、选择题 1. _ a nice watch it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 2. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. how a 3. _ interesting the film is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 4. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk. A. How a B. How C. What a D. What 5. _ hard work it is! A. How B. Wh

39、at C. What a D. What an 6. _ day it is! Its rainy again. A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine 7. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What8. _ expensive trousers! A. What B. What a C. How D. What an 9. Please _, theyre having a meeting. A. not be so noisy B. B

40、e quite C. mustnt talk D. no speaking 10. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be waiting there. A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Dont forget 11. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright 12. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a f

41、ine D. What fine 13. _ careless he is！ A. What B. How C. So much D. How much 14. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 15. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an 16. _ nice picture you gave me! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 二、填空题 l. _ hot the weather is! 2. _ hard he works! 3. _ nice tea it is! 4 ._ big horses th